Asian Journal of Bio Science

K. S. Karthick ¹, M. Kandibane ¹, K. Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology and Nematology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, KARAIKAL (PUDUCHERRY), IN

Abstract

To study the effect of newer insecticides viz., flubendiamide 39.35 M/M SC, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, thiamethoxam 25 WG, bifenthrin 10 EC, cartap hydrochloride 50 SP, indoxacarb 14.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 5 SG and phosphamidon 40 SL to natural enemies of rice pests, a field experiment was conducted at the Eastern farm of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute (PAJANCOA and RI), Karaikal during late Rabi 2013 (Nov.- Feb.). Two foliar applications were carried out at an interval of fifteen days after leaf folder larvae reached economic threshold level (10 %). The results showed that the overall mean population of coccinellids was found to be more in the untreated check (1.31 and 1.65 / hill) followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC at 72.50 g a.i. / ha (0.92 and 1.16 / hill) in the first and second foliar application. The overall mean population of spiders was high in the untreated check (1.32 and 1.55 / hill), followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC at 72.50 g a. i. / ha (1.07 and 1.15 / hill) over the other treatments.

Keywords

Newer Insecticides, Predatory Coccinellids, Spiders, Costal Rice Ecosystem.

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M. Kandibane ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology and Nematology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal (Puducherry), IN

Abstract

An investigation on the community turn over of flood water arthropods in weeded and partially weeded rice ecosystems was carried out in a rice field trial conducted at the wetlands of Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu during kharif 2000 on four ruling rice varieties. The study revealed that in the first week, the turn over rates of 40.00, 41.17, 33.33 and 47.05 per cent were recorded in weeded plots. But, in partially weeded plots the turn over rates were 42.10, 48.00, 42.85 and 50.00 per cent in MDU 5, ADT 36, ADT 39 and ADT 43, respectively. In the weeded plots there was a decline of community turn over of arthropods, where as the increased trend of turn over was recorded from the first to the last week in partially weeded plots. A total of 23 species of flood water arthropods containing 12, 2, 6 and 3 species of Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera were recorded, respectively, in both the ecosystems. A total of 18 weed species were recorded in partially weeded rice ecosystem. Among them, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus, C. diformis, Ehinochloa colonum, E. crus-galli, Panicum repens, Brachiaria mutica and Eclipta alba were dominant.

Keywords

Flood Water Arthropods, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Community Turn Over, Weed Plants.

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M. Kandibane ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agril. Entomology and Nematology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, PUDUCHERRY, (U.T.), IN

Abstract

Three field experiments were conducted during kharif and rabi 2000 and kharif 2001 to study the diversity of arthropods on weeds maintained around a rice ecosystem. The study revealed that phytophagous insects of weeds constituted about half of the population of all arthropods. Among the sucking hemipterans, brown planthopper (BPH) was the dominant species of insect, followed by white backed planthopper (WBPH) from the first week to fourth week (tillering stage) in all the three seasons. But, the occurrence of WBPH was absent through out rabi 2000. Green leafhoppers and ear head bugs were dominant, followed by red spotted bugs from the fifth week to the last week. Short horned grasshoppers occurred in all the three seasons and expressed the dominance to the extend of 0.79, 1.05 and 1.25 individuals in kharif and rabi 2000 and kharif 2001, respectively. All the lepidopteran insects showed less abundance compared to hemipteran insects during kharif 2000 and kharif 2001. However, Spodoptera, sphingid and pierid butterfly were absent through out rabi 2000. The coleopteran insects viz., blue beetle and pumpkin beetle were recorded. The blue beetle occurred in all the seasons and the pumpkin beetle showed very less abundance and occurred only in the last few weeks. The phytophage dipteran insects showed less abundance in the three seasons. The five groups of natural enemies viz.,Orthroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were recorded. In Odonata, dragonfly was dominant during kharif 2000, where as damselfly was dominant during rabi 2000 and kharif 2001. But, the occurrence of dragonfly was absent during rabi 2000. Predatory mirid bugs expressed more abundance in the three seasons. The coleopteran predators viz., ground beetle and coccinellid beetle occurred through out all the three seasons and showed less abundance. Spiders recorded > 0.60 individuals in the three seasons. In the parasitic hymenopterans, ichneumonfly, braconids, and bethylids recorded more abundance in the three seasons. A Total of 18 weed species acted as alternate hosts for polyphagous phytophage insects were recorded in partially weeded plot. Of them, Cyperus iria, C. diformis, C. rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, E. crus – galli, Ipomea aquatica and Marsilia quadrifolia were dominant.

Keywords

Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Density, Weed Plants.

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M. Kandibane ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology and Plant Nematology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal (Puducherry), IN

Abstract

A Total Of 24 Taxa Of Phytophage Hemipterans Were Recorded In Weeded And Partially Weeded Rice Ecosystems During Kharif 2001. among Them, Thirteen Taxa Viz., Brevennia Rehi (lindinger), Hysteroneura Setariae (thomas), Nilaparvata Lugens (stal), Nepotettix Virescens (distant), Cofana Spectra (distant), Recilia dorsalis (motsch.), Sogatella Furcifera (horvath), Nezara Viridula (lin.), Dolycoris Indicus (stal.), Menida histrio Fab., Scotinophara lurida (burmeister), Leptocorisa acuta (thunberg) And L. Oratorius (fabricius) Showed Greater Abundance In Weeded Rice Ecosystem, While Rest Of The Species Of Phytophage Hemipterans Exhibited More Abundance Only In Partially Weeded Plots. The Diversity Of Delphacids Had Perfect Similarity Through Out The Season. During Tillering And Flowering Stages Of The Crop, Cicadellids, Pentatomids And Red Spotted Bug Exhibited Greater Diversity (= Less Similarity). Earhead Bugs Showed Higher Diversity During Flowering And Dough Stages. Aphid Exhibited Perfect Similarity In The First And Second Week, And Was Absent From The Third Week To Seventh Week. A Total Of 18 Weed Species Acted As Alternate Hosts For Polyphagous Phytophage Hemipterans Were Recorded In Partially Weeded Plot. Of Them, Cyperus Iria, C. Diformis, C. Rotundus, Echinochloa Colonum, E. Crus –galli, Ipomea Aquatica And Marsilea Quadrifolia Were Dominant.

Keywords

Diversity, Similarity, Relative Abundance, Weed Plants, Weeded Rice Ecosystem, Partially Weeded Rice Ecosystem, Hemipteran Insects.

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