Asian Journal of Bio Science

G. Prabakaran ¹, T. Ravimycin ²

Affiliations
1 PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Dharmapuri (T.N.), IN
2 Ecology and Environment Lab, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Spices constitute an important group of agricultural commodities which are virtually indispensable in the culinary art. In India, some spices also possess strong anti-microbial and antibiotic activities. Samples of whole or ground black pepper from various sources yield numerous colonies of several species of Aspergillus. The mycolflora and mycotoxins of many agricultural products have been investigated by many researchers. The pH of the suspension was measured using a digital pH meter. Enumeration of fungal colonies in different sample sabourauds dextrose agar (SDA) (Hi-Media) was prepared and sterilized by autoclaving at 121° C for 15 minutes. Thin layer chromatography for detection of aflatoxin. The aflatoxin were isolated and characterized after the death of more that 1,00,000 turkey poults. Among 18 different types of and aflatoxins identified, major members are aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. Incidence of molds in different sample of spices showed fungal contamination with significance difference. The identified fungi assigned to 12 genera Aspergillus niger. These fungi are identified based on colony morphology and microscopic observation. TLC analysis of spices extracts revealed the presence of aflatoxin, once spices and food are contaminated by aflatoxins it is almost impossible to detoxifiy them by normal cooking methods.

Keywords

Aspergillus niger, Aflatoxins, Spices, Sabouraud ‘s Dextrose Agar (SDA).

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G. Prabakaran ¹, T. Ravimycin ²

Affiliations
1 PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Dharmapuri (T.N.), IN
2 Ecology and Environment Lab, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Trigonella foenum - graecum L is a important medicinal plant which, is rare and extensively used in traditional system of medicine. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. The present study was mainly aimed to develop a protocol for the successful micro propagation and biochemical analysis of compounds present in the callus as well as in the in vitro plant. The explants slected for the present study includes, cotyloden, hypocotyls, shoot tip epicotyls. The shoot tips explants inoculation on MS medium with auxins and cytokinins alone and in combinations showed shoot initiation along a shoot initation with basal callus formation. The chlorophyll pigment content in the cullus with different morphology and the in vitro regenerated plant was assessed. Total chlorophyll value was estimated as 2.7277 mg/g. The total protein content in the vitro regeneration plant and morphological different callus were estimated by Lowry's. and acryl amide gel electrophoresis. The protein content of the yield grown plants was estimated as 0.789 mg/g fresh weight and that of callus was estimated as 0.421 mg/g fresh weight. The seeds of field-grown plant as well as green friable callus obtained in 2,4-D of field - grown showed maximum amount of protein content. Peroxidase enzyme activity of callus was also determined. Green friable callus obtained from a combination of 2,4-D showed maximum peroxidase activity. The presence of secondary metabolites in vitro plant as well as callus indicated that in vitro system is a possible source for the isolation of Diosgenin.

Keywords

Phytochemical, Diosgenin, Trigonella, Peroxidase Activity, In Vitro Propagation.

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