Asian Journal of Bio Science

Mrunalini Lotankar ¹, Ashwini Dashputre ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Since the report on the heat-induced appearance of chromosomal puffings in salivary gland tissue of Drosophila busckii in 1962, a new research domain has been intensively explored. This research resulted in the discovery of large number of related proteins and their physiological role in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, tissues and individual cells and at the level of sub-cellular structures. These proteins were originally called “heat shock proteins”, because they were discovered in salivary glands and other tissues of Drosophila melanogaster recovering from a so-called transient sublethal heat shock, during which body temperature was increased nearly 5°C above normal body temperature care.

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Ashwini G. Dashputre ¹, Mrunalini S. Lotankar ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

A prion is thought to be an infectious agent that according to current scientific consensus, is comprised entirely of a propagated, misfolded protein. The misfolded form of the prion protein has been implicated in a number of diseases in variety of mammals; include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, that is “Mad cow disease”) in cattle and Creutzfeldt Jacob disease (CDJ in humans). All hypothesized prion diseases affect the structure of the brain or other neural tissue and all are currently untreatable and are always fatal. In general usage, prion refers to the theoretical unit of infection. Scientifically speaking, PrP^c refers to the endogenous prion protein, which is found in multitude of tissues, while PrP^c refers to the misfolded form of PrP^c, and is responsible for the formation of amyloid plaques that lead to neurodeaeneration. Prions are hypothesized to infect and propagate by refolding abnormally into a structure, which is able to convert normal molecules of the protein into the abnormally structured form. All known prions induce the formation of an amyloid fold, in which the protein polymerizes into an aggregate consisting of tightly packed beta-sheets. This altered structure is extremely stable and accumulates in infected tissue, causing cell death and tissue damage. This stability means that prions are resistant to denaturation by chemical and physical agents, making disposal and containment of these particles difficult. Proteins showing prion-type behavior are also found in some fungi and this has been quite important in helping to understand mammalian prions. However, fungal prions don’t appear to cause disease in their hosts and may even confer an evolutionary advantage through a form of protein-based inheritance. The word prion is a portmanteau developed by combining the first two syllables of the words proteinacious and infectious (-on by analogy to virion).

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Mrunalini S. Lotankar ¹, Nupoor S. Sonawane ¹, M. O. Lokhnde ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

History is the story of the achievements of men and women, but it records relatively few outstanding names and events. Many important contributions were by people whose names have been forgotten and whose accomplishments have been lost in the longer and deeper shadows cast by those who caught the fancy of the chroniclers. It has been said that in science the credit goes to the one who convinces the world, not to the one who first had the idea. Women are also not the exception here. There are notable examples of exceptional women not being publicly acknowledged for their contributions.

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S. O. Gupta ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

The Human population is increasing at an alarming rate day by day. There is a need for another Green revolution to fulfill the food needs of this population. In such a case Biotechnology can offer a solution by recommending alternative food sources such as spirulina. Water crisis is also one of the major problems the world is facing today. Large populations of people in many countries do not have an access to pure drinking water sources. The concept of using recycled water by treating the used water i.e. sewage can be developed only by means of its purification using biotechnological means.

Keywords

Spirulina, Biotech Food.

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Neha Sawant ¹, Poorva Ghosh ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Nowadays the whole world is facing the problem of terrorism. It is clear from recent attack in Mumbai that the terrorists keep finding new ways to spread terror among people. This leads to misuse of developments in various fields. This is also applied to the use of advances in field of life sciences for spreading such terror attacks. This has given rise to the bioterrorism, which refers to use of living organisms which can destroy a large population within no time.

Keywords

Bioterrorism, Anthax.

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Jyoti J. Gavali ¹, Ashwini G. Dashputre ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

A biosensor is an analytical device containing on immobilized biological material enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle or whole cell which can specifically interact with an analyte and produce physical, chemical or electrical signals that can be measured. An analyte is a compound (e.g. – glucose, urea, drug, pesticide) whose concentrations has to be measured.

Keywords

Biosensor.

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Priyanka P. Nagare ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

A chimera is an ordinary person or animal except that some of their parts actually came from their twin or from the mother. A chimera may arise either from monozygotic twin fetuses (where it would be impossible to detect), or from dizygotic fetuses, which can be identified by chromosomal comparisons from various parts of the body.

Keywords

Chimeras.

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Poorva Ghosh ¹, Neha Sawant ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Biotechnology is an age old science although not formally recognized as so. Initially it was only applied to produce alcoholic beverages, cheese, citric acid and substances similar to these. However, this industry came to be recognized as a major industry only during the end of the twentieth century. Much of the coming explosion in the biotech industry can be attributed to one key event during the 1990’s; that is the mapping of the human genome.

Keywords

Biotechnology Industry, Alcoholic Beverages, Cheese, Citric Acid.

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Sameer D. Yeole ¹, B. A. Aglave ¹, M. O. Lokhande ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

The world is undergoing a challenge of meeting severe crisis due to diminishing stock of finite fossil fuel in near future. The world-demand of diesel is about 49.56 MMT according to a survey carried out by International Energy Agency.

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