Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care

Turki M. Al-Shaikh ¹, Mahmoud M. E. Mudawi ², Abdelhadi Y. A. Yassin ², Rami S. Habeballa ², Vijay R. Chidrawar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, SA
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Northern Border University, SA

Abstract

Many patients may administered medications like captopril (ACE inhibitor) for treatment of chronic diseases and may also take Paracetamol as an Over The Counter (OTC) drug which may interact with captopril. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate of the hepatoprotective effect of captopril on liver toxicity induced by low and high dose of paracetamol in rats. This study was conducted in two phases: first study for low dose of paracetamol (300 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were treated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS), captopril 20 mg/kg, paracetamol 300 mg/kg or captopril 20 mg/kg plus paracetamol 300 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. Second study for single high dose of paracetamol (3000 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were pretreated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS) or captopril 20 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days followed by single oral administration of Paracetamol 3000 mg/kg or normal saline. The administration of Paracetamol or normal saline was performed 24 hours after the last administration of captopril. After 48 hours of hepatic injury induction, the animals were then sacrificed and the liver was removed for histopathological studies. Low dose (300 mg/kg) for 10 days and high single dose (3000 mg/kg) of paracetamol produced hepatotoxic effects. While captopril 20 mg/kg showed marked protection against changes induced by low and high dose of paracetamol on the liver.

Keywords

Acetaminophen, Captopril, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxicity, Paracetamol.

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Arwa Owayed Alanazi ¹, Vijay R. Chidrawar ², Bader Alsuwayt ¹, Shruti Shiromwar ³

Affiliations
1 Northern Border University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Rafha, SA
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Northern Border University, Rafha, SA
3 Northern Border University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rafha, SA

Abstract

Bone fitness is considered as an important public health problem especially in post-menopausal women. Numerous studies have investigated to understand beneficiary effects of mother milk on the baby but very few studies have been conducted to understand the effect of breastfeeding on the bone health of lactating women. We hypothesized that high calcium demand during pregnancy and lactation and low estrogenic state support may affect on the bone health immediately after child birth and later in the life. Based upon this theory we have conducted a survey based study in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia to assess the health status of the lactating mothers. Total 376 lactating mothers were interviewed during the period of 16 Nov 2016 to 23 March 2017. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was provided at their homes to collect information. The result revealed that among 376 participants, 7% complaining about generalized pain, 41% suffering from joint pain, 24%, suffering from lower back pain and 1% of mothers suffered from fracture. This survey highlights important but ignored aspect of the bone health of lactating women in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia. During pregnancy, women consume calcium supplements to satisfy their requirement of developing baby but after child birth, they stop calcium supplement though it's needed. Based upon this study we state that there is a need to prepare and follow guidelines for the use of calcium supplement for the lactating women to maintain bone health.

Keywords

Bone Health, Estrogen and Calcium, Lactation, Pregnancy.

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Vijay R. Chidrawar ¹, Mohd. Imran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Northern Border University, Rafha, SA
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northern Border University, Rafha, SA

Abstract

Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing one. The ion-channels on endothelium plays vital role in cell proliferation and related angiogenesis. We aimed to investigate the effects of L-type (Verapamil and Diltiazem) and T-type (Ethosuximide) Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) on neovascularization. The effects on neovascularization were investigated by in-ovo (CAM, Chick Chorioallantoic membrane) and in-vitro (aortic ring assay) methods. Each test drug was tested for at least 3 doses and the anti-angiogenic effect was compared with Suramin as standard and normal control groups. Various vital parameters were recorded during the experiment like the number of blood capillaries, sprouts formation, angiogenic score etc. The L-type Ca²⁺ channel blockers Verapamil at the dose of 50μM, 110 and 220 μM/disk has shown significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the number of branching points in CAM assay. For the further confirmation, angiogenic activity was evaluated in vitro by rat aortic ring assay method; the area of sprouts was reduced by the medium and high dose of verapamil. Diltiazem has demonstrated modest anti-angiogenic activity by both the models, whereas T-type calcium channel blocker ethosuximide has not shown any effect on the neovascularization. Among all the tested drugs verapamil has shown the promising anti-angiogenic property. Thus verapamil and diltiazem may have antiangiogenic activity defines novel beneficial effects in angiogenic mediated pathological conditions in addition to their main indications in cardiovascular complications.

Keywords

Angiogenesis, CAM Assay, L-Type Ca²⁺ Channel Blockers, Rat Aortic Ring Assay, T-Type Calcium Channel Blocker.

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