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The assessment of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) has become increasingly significant because of the introduction of a large number of potent toxic chemicals as drugs in the last two or three decades. Therefore, it is important that continuous monitoring of adverse drug reactions in hospitals could prevent serious consequences and unexpected effects of the drugs and improve the quality of treatment in patients. Antibiotics and cardiovascular agents are the most commonly prescribed drugs which are also involved with the highest number of adverse drug reactions in the hospitals. The objective of this study was to monitor and evaluate the adverse drug reactions caused by cardiovascular agents and antibiotics at a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, for a period of 12 months between March “2017 to March 2018”. All in-patients of both genders who experienced an ADR during their hospital stay were enrolled for the study and exclusion criteria were patients admitted to hospital and did not experience an ADR. Out of 110 Adverse drug reactions, 57 (51.81%) were caused by cardiovascular agents and 53 (48.18%) were caused by antibiotics. Among the cardiovascular agents ADRs the most frequently reported ADRs were caused by furosemide 19 (33.33%) followed by telmisartan 5 (8.77%). Out of 53 (48.18%) ADRs caused by antibiotics, 8 (15.09%) were induced by ceftriaxone, followed by 7 (13.20%) piperacillin/tazobactam, 6 (11.32%) cefoperazone, 5 (9.43%) levofloxacin. The most common organ system affected was the gastrointestinal system with 31 (28.18%) followed by fluid and electrolytes 28 (25.45%), dermatological 21 (19.09%) and cardiovascular 7 (6.36%). The causality assessment of the ADRs was carried out using the Naranjo’s Scale algorithm and the majority of the ADRs were found to be possible 44 (40%). Antibiotics and cardiovascular agents are the most commonly prescribed medicines in hospitals, so it is important to notice the physicians with latest adverse drug reactions of these medications. This approach consequently reduces the chances of patient harm and also improves the patient's quality of treatment, reduces the cost burden and hospital stay and minimizes the antibiotics resistance due to unresponsiveness of medications in patients.

Keywords

Adverse Drug Reactions, Antibiotics, Cardiovascular Agents, Pharmacovigilance.

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References

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