Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care

Mahmoud M. E. Mudawi ¹, Mohammed F. Abd El-wahab ², Abdelhadi Y. A. Yassin ¹, Rami S. Habeballa ¹, Mohammed M. Alshehri ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Northern Border University, SA
2 Department of Phytochemistry and Natural products, Northern Border University, Rafha, SA
3 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Northern Border, University, Rafha, SA

Abstract

In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Achillea fragrantissima is a fragrant, perennial herb has long been used medicinally for its analgesic properties among Rafha residents. The present study concluded that Achillea fragrantissima (Gaisoom) possess a potent anticonvulsant activity against PTZ induced seizures which may be due to GABAA agonistic activity and /or antioxidant activity. The results of the current study showed that the ethanolic extract of Gaisoom at doses of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg has anticonvulsant activity in pentylenetetrazole and maximum electroshock induced seizures models on mice. The Hexane extract have protected the mice against pentylenetetrazole – induced seizures with 100% protection rate and 100% animal survival similar to the anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital. HPLC–DAD fingerprints of different fractions were also carried out to find the pharmacological active compound. The studies are in progress to isolate the compounds by HPLC technique. Supplementary studies are required to explain the exact mechanism of action by which Gaisoom act as an anticonvulsant agent.

Keywords

Achillea fragrantissima, Anticonvulsant Activity, Epilepsy, Gaisoom, HPLC Profile.

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Mohammed M. Alshehri ¹, Muhammad Wahab Amjad ², Mahmoud M. E. Mudawi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tabuk, SA
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Northern Border University,, SA
3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Northern Border University, SA

Abstract

The liver is the largest solid organ, the largest gland, and one of the most vital organs that functions as a center for the metabolism of nutrients and excretion of waste metabolites. Hepatotoxicity is becoming a leading cause of death worldwide and its prevalence is increasing exponentially, there are several causes behind hepatotoxicity such as administration of acetaminophen that induced hepatotoxicity through the excessive formation of the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-para-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Drug-induced liver injury may account for approximately 10% of all cases of acute hepatitis, 5% of all hospital admissions, and 50% of all acute liver failures. Remarkably, more than 75% of cases of idiosyncratic drug reactions result in liver transplantation or death. This review will help researchers to understand the hepatotoxicity mechanism of common drugs that have a hepatotoxic effect.

Keywords

Acetaminophen, Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxicity, Phenytoin.

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