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Abbas, Hisham A.
- Biofilms: the Microbial Castle of Resistance
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Faculty of Pharmacy-Zagazig University- Zagazig, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Faculty of Pharmacy-Zagazig University- Zagazig, EG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 1-3Abstract
Biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. As a consequence, biofilm-based infections are recalcitrant and their treatment is very difficult. Many factors contribute to the biofilm resistance to antimicrobials. The mechanisms of resistance include delayed diffusion of antibiotics through the biofilm matrix, low oxygen and nutrient, reduced growth rates and metabolism. Other resistance mechanisms involved are biofilm-specific phenotypic variants, stress response activation, over expression of efflux pumps, formation of persisters and quorum sensing.Keywords
Biofilm, Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Matrix, Quorum Sensing, Persister Cells, Phenotypic Variants, Efflux Pumps
References
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- Resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from different Sources to β-Lactam Antibiotics
Abstract Views :140 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Mansoura, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Mansoura, EG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 10, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 589-591Abstract
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are important human pathogens that cause many infectious diseases. β-lactam antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of these infections. However, resistance to such antibiotics complicates the treatment. Mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams include production of β-lactamases, efflux pumps, change in drug targets and outer membrane impermeability. This study was performed to investigate the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to β-lactam antibiotics. The study was carried out from May 2014 to May 2015. Five hundred clinical isolates were collected from patients in Belquas Hospital and Mansoura University Hospitals. Three hundred isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli (one hundred and fifty isolates each). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates showed high resistance to cefoperazone and ceftriaxone, intermediate resistance to cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and low resistance to imipenem and meropenem. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed more resistance than Escherichia coli. Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was higher to cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, imipenem and meropenem. However, Escherichia coli was more resistant to cefotaxime and cefoxitin. The resistance to amoxicillin-clavulinic acid was more or less similar in both bacteria. In conclusion, the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates to B-lactams was high and this needs a strict policy for antibiotic dispensing to reduce the emergence of resistance.
Keywords
β-Lactams, Resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli.- Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Proteus mirabilis Isolates from Urinary Tract, Burn Wound and Diabetic Foot Infections
Abstract Views :171 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Zagazig, Zagazig University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, EG
1 Zagazig, Zagazig University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, EG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 11, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 249-252Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common etiologic agent of urinary tract, burn wound and diabetic foot infections. Resistance to Proteus mirabilis is also common and represents a challenge to antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolated from three sources; urinary tract infections, burn wound infections in addition to diabetic foot infections. Forty-five clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis (15 from each source) were used in this study. Complete resistance was found with each of ampicillin and tetracycline. High resistance was exhibited with cefepime. The resistance was intermediate against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, amoxicillin-clavulinic, chloramphenicol, cefoperazone, aztreonam and ampicillin-sulbactam. Low resistance was found with piperacillin. These low resistance rates were also shown against tested aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Very little resistance was found to imipenem, while no resistance was exhibited against piperacillin- tazobactam. The resistance pattern showed variation among different sources. Generally, burn wound isolates showed the highest resistance rates followed by diabetic foot isolates, while urinary tract isolates were the least resistant. High resistance was found with cefepime only in isolates from urinary tract infections and no diabetic foot isolate was highly resistant to any of the tested antibiotics. However, such resistance was observed with amoxicillin-clavulinic acid, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim in burn wound isolates. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was also found with varying rates in isolates from different sources. MDR was more common in burn wound isolates than in diabetic foot isolates or urinary tract isolates. This study suggests that there is a variation in antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis among different sources and alarms against high resistance especially in burn wound isolates that requires a strict policy in antibiotic dispensing to minimize such tesistance.Keywords
Proteus mirabilis, Burn Infection, Urinary Tract Infection, Diabetic Foot Infection, Antibiotic Resistance.References
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