Journal of Natural Remedies

Rina H. Gokani , Nayana S. Kapadia , Mamta B. Shah

Abstract

Objective: A comparative study was designed to develop physico-chemical parameters for ischolar_mains of Clerodendrum phlomidis and Premna integrifolia (Family: Verbenaceae), commonly known as Arni. Materials and Methods: Roots of C. phlomidis and P. integrifolia were studied for macro and microscopical characters. Clerodendrin-A, a chemical marker was isolated from the ischolar_main of C. phlomidis. HPTLC method was developed to generate fingerprint profiles for the two ischolar_mains and to quantify isolated clerodendrin-A (in C. phlomidis and P. integrifolia ischolar_mains) using nhexane: ethyl formate (7:3) as a mobile phase, precoated TLC plates (silica gel 60 F₂₅₄) as a stationary phase and H₂SO₄ as derivatizing agent. Results and Conclusion: Morphologically both ischolar_mains resemble each other except for their color and size. Microscopically they can be differentiated by presence of rhytidoma in ischolar_mains of P. integrifolia. Further, starch grains are found distributed in C. phlomidis, only in xylem parenchyma and xylem rays, where as in P. integrifolia all tissues except cork show starch. Clerodendrin-A isolated from C. phlomidis was also found to be present in P. integrifolia. Considering clerodendrin-A as a chemical marker, the present study was designed to develop HPTLC method for generation of distinct chemoprofile and quantification of clerodendrin-A in ischolar_mains of C. phlomidis and P. integrifolia. HPTLC study of n-hexane fraction (diterpenoid rich) of the two ischolar_mains performed using silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ as a stationary phase, n-hexane: ethyl formate (7:3) as a mobile phase and H₂SO₄ as derivatizing agent revealed presence of a clerodendrin-A, a major diterpenoid at R_f 0.26 (violet color). Clerodendrin- A concentration was found to be 0.073% w/w in C. phlomidis and 0.04% w/w in P. integrifolia.

Keywords

Arni, Clerodendrin-A, Clerodendrum phlomidis, HPTLC, Premna integrifolia, Verbenaceae

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Nayana S. Kapadia , Niyati S. Acharya , B. N. Suhagia , Mamta B. Shah

Abstract

Objective: Development of physico-chemical parameters and estimation of scopoletin, a chemical marker in herb of Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. (Family: Convolvulaceae). Materials and methods: Fresh flowering plants of Convolvulus prostratus, commonly known as Shankhpushpi, were studied for developing quality parameters and HPTLC method for quantification of scopoletin and fingerprinting of C. prostratus using a mobile phase toluene and ether (1:1, saturated with 10% glacial acetic acid) and instrument Camag Linomat IV with Camag TLC scanner. Results: Morphologically, the herb can be distinguished on the basis of hairy nature, sessile leaves, white-pale pink flowers and woody ischolar_mainstalk. Leaves show striated cuticle, rubiaceous and cruciferous stomata, calcium oxalate prisms, and bicollateral vascular bundle. Stem shows unicellular covering trichomes, a discontinuous ring of pericyclic fibres and pitted cells in pith. Root is easily characterized by intra-xylary phloem. Spherical pollen grains and large number of unicellular trichomes are seen in powder of C. prostratus. HPTLC method was developed for determination of scopoletin content by scanning the plates at 366 nm. Conclusions: The histological characters and HPTLC method developed for quantification of scopoletin and fingerprinting of C. prostratus would serve as a useful tool in standardization of C. prostratus.

Keywords

Convolvulus Prostratus, Scopoletin, HPTLC

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Dipal M. Gandhi , Nayana S. Kapadia , Sameer K. Shah , Preeti D. Verma , Khyati N. Shah , Mamta B. Shah

Abstract

Objective: To develop pharmacognostical and quality control parameters for drug Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight and Arn. (Family: Asclepiadaceae) commonly known as Somlata, is rasayana drug. Materials and Methods: Stems of S. brevistigma were collected from Jamnagar, Dwarka and Bhuj in the month of November 2008 and studied for macroscopical and microscopical characters. Quantitative microscopy and physico-chemical parameters were also performed. A pregnane derivative mono-O-acetyl bregenin was isolated from stem extract and characterized by U.V., IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy. HPTLC method was developed to quantify mono-O-acetyl bregenin and generate fingerprint profile for the drug. HPTLC was performed using precoated TLC plate (silica gel 60 F₂₅₄) as a stationary phase and Chloroform : Methanol (9.4 : 0.6) as a mobile phase. The plate was scanned at 366nm. Results: Macroscopically and microscopically all the samples of stems were found to be similar but differed in quantitative parameters. Stems were green, cylindrical in shape having longitudinal ridges and nodes. T.S. of stems showed papillose epidermis, rosettes of calcium oxalate, non lignified fibres and latex cavities in cortex, striated cells of inner cortex and perimedullary phloem. Stone cells and abundant rosettes of calcium oxalate were found in section passing through the node. Powder showed stone cells, rosettes, fragments of pitted xylem vessels and non lignified fibres. Mono-O-acetyl bregenin was isolated by column chromatography. HPTLC chromatogram was developed and blue fluorescent spot was visualised at R_f 0.5 under UV at 366nm. Mono-O-acetyl bregenin content was found to be 0.0339% w/w, 0.0399% w/w, 0.0227% w/w in samples collected from Jamnagar, Dwarka and Bhuj respectively.

Keywords

Sarcostemma brevistigma, Stone Cells, Mono-o-acetyl Bregenin, HPTLC

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Rina H. Gokani , Nayana S. Kapadia , Mamta B. Shah

Abstract

Objective: To develop physico-chemical parameters for indigenous drugs Clerodendrum serratum and Premna herbacea commonly known as Bharangi. Materials and Methods: Roots of C. serratum and P. herbacea were studied for macro and microscopical characters. HPTLC method was developed to generate fingerprint profiles for the two ischolar_mains and to quantify β-sitosterol (in P. herbacea ischolar_main) using n-hexane: ethyl formate (7:3) as aβ mobile phase, precoated TLC plates (silica gel 60 F₂₅₄) as a stationary phase and H₂SO₂ as derivatizing agent. Further, presence of sugar, D-mannitol in Clerodendrum serratum was confirmed with the use of paper chromatography. Results: Roots of C. serratum are hard, woody, tortuous, earthy brown and bear ischolar_mainlets. Stratified cork, cortex, phloem and wood, all filled with starch are characteristic features of transverse section of C. serratum ischolar_main. Roots of P. herbacea are brown or earthy brown, woody, shows swollen nodes and exfoliated surface exposing the inner orange colored tissue. T.S. of the ischolar_main shows cork with yellowish orange content, cortex constituted of collenchymatous parenchyma, phloem and wood portion. Presence of starch grains and stone cells in powdered ischolar_main of C. serratum differentiate it from that of P. herbacea. β-sitosterol (0.012% w/w) was found to be present in the ischolar_main P. herbacea only. Sugar D-mannitol was present in Clerodendrum serratum only. Conclusion: The present study provides the first report regarding comparative study and identification parameters for C. serratum and P. herbacea. Further, we report presence of β-sitosterol in P. herbacea ischolar_main and HPTLC method to develop distinct chemo-profile for both the ischolar_mains.

Keywords

Bharangi, Clerodendrum serratum, HPTLC, D-mannitol, Premna Herbacea, β-sitosterol

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