Journal of Natural Remedies

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Chemical Composition, Larvicidal and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Trachyspermum ammi Fruit


Affiliations
1 Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences and Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences and Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Egypt
3 Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Siberian state Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
 

Trachyspermum ammi fruits (T. ammi) are widely sold and used in the Arabian herbal markets, which requires scientific investigations about its biological activities. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed that it contains 20 compounds, of which the main components are aromatic and monocyclic terpenes. Thymol was present in the higher amounts (36.00%) followed by γ-terpinene (26.01%) and m-cymene (21.44%). The essential oil of T. ammi contains about 9.77% of bicyclic terpenes of which β-pinene is about 6.70%. The anti-bacterial activity (in vitro) was performed by disc diffusion, MIC and MBC methods. The essential oil of the fruits of T. ammi exhibited significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms (three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria) and it was comparable to the positive control (Chloramphenicol), with a remarkable MIC and MBC values. Water extract of T. ammi exhibited promising larvicidal activity against S. littoralis and the lethal concentration, LC50 was found to be 6.21%. The current study provides some scientific support to the application of T. ammi fruits in traditional medicine and suggests it as a source of antibacterial drug and natural larvicidal agents for crops as biocontrols.

Keywords

GC-MS, MBC, MIC, Spodoptera Littoralis.
Font Size

User

Notifications
JOURNAL COVERS
  

  • Hemalatha M, Thirumalai T, Saranya R, Elumalai EK, David E. A review on antimicrobial efficacy of some traditional medicinal plants in Tamilnadu. J Acute Dis. 2013; 2(2):99– 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60107-9

  • Bohlin l, Goransson U, Alsmark C, Weden C, Backlund A. Natural products in modern life science. Phytochem. Rev. 2010; 9(2):279–301. PMid: 20700376 PMCid: PMC2912726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-009-9160-6

  • Dubey N, MishraV, Thakur D. Plant-based antimicrobial formulations. Postharvest Disinfection of Fruits and Vegetables. Siddiqui M.W. editor. Academic Press: Elsevier Inc; 2018. p. 211–30. PMid: 28815880. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812698-1.00011-X

  • Furusawa C, Horinouchi T, Maeda T. Toward prediction and control of antibiotic-resistance evolution. Curr Opin Biotech. 2018; 54:45–9. PMid: 29452927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.026

  • Adesina JM, Rajashekar Y. Phytochemical composition and insecticidal potentials of some plant aqueous extracts in suppressing Podagrica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestation on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Adv Hort Sci. 2018; 32(1):71–8.

  • Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A, Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T. Larvicidal and ovicidal efficacy of ten medicinal plant essential oil against lepidopteran pest S. litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Int J Rec Sci Res. 2010; 8:183–8.

  • Krishnappa K, Anandan A, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Govindarajan M. Antifeedant activity of volatile oil of Tagetes patula against armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Int J Curr Res. 2010; 4:109–12.

  • Mukherjee SN, Joseph M. Medicinal plant extracts influencing insect growth and reproduction. J MedArom Plant Sci. 2000; 22(4):154–8.

  • Upadhyay RK, Rohatgi L, Chaubey MK, Jain SC. Ovipositional responses of the pulse Beetle, Bruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to extracts and compounds of Capparis decidua. J Agri Food Chem. 2006; 54:9747–51 PMid: 17177496. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0608367

  • Moazeni M, Saharkhiz MJ, Hosseini AA. In vitro lethal effect of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) essential oil on hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Vet Paras. 2012; 187:203–8. PMid: 22245070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.025

  • Srivastava KC. Extract of a Spice-Omum (Trachyspermum ammi)-shows antiaggregatory effects and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent Fatty Acids.1988; 33:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0952-3278(88)90115-9

  • Asif HM, Sultana S, Akhtar N. A panoramic view on phytochemical, nutritional, ethanobotanical uses and pharmacological values of Trachyspermum ammi Linn. Asian Pac J. Trop Biomed. 2014; 4(S2):S545–53. https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014APJTB-2014-0242

  • Lehotay SJ, Kok A, Hiemstra M, Bodegraven P. Validation of a fast and easy method for the determination of residues from 229 pesticides in fruits and vegetables using gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. J Aoac Int. 2005; 88(2):595–614.

  • Rahman MM, Sultana T, Ali MY, Rahman MM, Al-Reza SM, Rahman A. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil and various extracts from Cassia sophera L. against Bacillus sp. from soil. Arab J Chem. 2017; 10(S2):S2132–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.045

  • Jahan F, Lawrence R, Kumar V, Junaid M. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on antibiotic susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Chem Pharm Res. 2011; 3(4):777–89.

  • Abbott WS. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Economic Entomol.1925; 18:265–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.265a

  • Burt SA. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods: A review. Inter J Food Microbiol. 2004; 94:223–53. PMid: 15246235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022

  • Kordali S, Kotan R, Mavi A, Cakir A, Ala A, Yildirim A. Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum and Artemisia spicigera essential oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53(24):9452–8. PMid: 16302761. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0516538

  • Dorman HJD, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol. 2000; 88:308–16. PMid: 10736000. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x

  • Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plants extracts. J.Appl Microbiol. 1999; 86(6):985–90. PMid: 10438227. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00780.x

  • alemba D, Kunicka A. Antibacterial and antifungal-properties of essential oils. Curr Med Chem. 2003; 10:813–29. PMid: 12678685. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457719

  • Yermakov AI, Khlaifat AL, Qutob H, Abramovich RA, Khomyakov YY. Characteristics of the GC-MS mass spectra of terpenoids (C10H16). Chemical Sciences Journal. 2010; CSJ-7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3494.1000005

  • Koukos PK. Chemical composition of essential oils from needles and twigs of balkan pine (Pinus peuce grisebach) grown in Northern Greece. J Agric Food Chem. 2000; 48:1266–8. PMid: 10775383. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991012a

  • Gibbons S. Аnti-staphylococcal plant natural products. Natural Product Reports. 2004; 21(2):263–77. PMid: 15042149. https://doi.org/10.1039/b212695h

  • Vitali LA, Beghelli D, Nya PCB, Bistoni O, Cappellacci L, Damiano S, Lupidi G, Maggi F, Orsomando G, Papa F, Petrelli D, Petrelli R, Quassinti L, Sorci L, Zadeh MM, Bramucci M. Diverse biological effects of the essential oil from Iranian Trachyspermum ammi. Arab J Chem. 2016; 9:775–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.002

  • Gunasegaran T, Rathinam X, Kasi M, Kathiresan SK, Sreenivasan S, Subramaniam S. Isolation and identification of Salmonella from curry samples and its sensitivity to commercial antibiotics and aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis (L.) and Trachyspermum ammi (L.). Asian Paci J Trop Biomed. 2011; 1(4):266–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60040-3

  • Kedia A, Prakash B, Mishra PK, Dwivedy AK, Dubey NK. Trachyspermum ammi L. essential oil as plant based preservative in food system. Indus Crops Prod. 2015; 69:104–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.013

  • Khan R, Adil M, Danishuddin M, Verma PK, Khan AU. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm by Trachyspermum ammi seeds: An approach of alternative medicine. Phytomed. 2012; 19:747–55. PMid: 22633847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.04.004

  • Marchese A, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Barbieri R, Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Gortzi O, Izadi M, Nabavi SM. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of thymol: A brief review of the literature. Food Chem. 2016; 210:402–14. PMid: 27211664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.111

  • Ansari MA, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan RK. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. Bioresource Technol. 2000; 71:267–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00079-6

  • Bagvan A, Rahuman AA, Kamraj C, Geetha K. Larvicidal activity of saponin from Achyranthes aspera against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Para- sitol Res. 2008; 103:223–9. PMid: 18392726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-0962-z

  • Pandey SK, Upadhyay S, Tripathi AK. Insecticidal and repellent activities of thymol from the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (Linn) Sprague seeds against Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol. Res. 2009; 105:507–12. PMid: 19343365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1429-6

  • Hummelbrunner LA, Isman MB. Acute, sublethal, antifeedant and synergistic effects of monoterpenoids essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae). J Agric Food Chem. 2001; 49:715–20. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000749t

  • Waliwitiya R, Isman M, Vernon R, Riseman A. Insecticidal activity of selected monoterpenoids and rosemary oil to Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae). J Econ Entomol. 2005; 98(5):1560–5. PMid: 16334324. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/98.5.1560

  • Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R, Rajeswary M, Veerakumar K. Mosquito larvicidal activity of thymol from essential oil of Coleus aromaticus Benth. against Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles subpictus (Diptera:Culicidae). Parasitol Res. 2013; 112 (11):3713–21. PMid: 23933878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3557-2

  • Singh R, Koul O, Rup P, Jindal J. Evaluation of dietary toxicity of some essential oil allelochemicals for the management of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). J Plant Protec Res. 2010; 50(3):293–301. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10045-010-0051-z


Abstract Views: 305

PDF Views: 183




  • Chemical Composition, Larvicidal and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Trachyspermum ammi Fruit

Abstract Views: 305  |  PDF Views: 183

Authors

Ahmed M. H. Ali
Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences and Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia
Emad M. Abdallah
Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences and Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Egypt
Adil A. H. Mujawah
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia
Elena Yu. Avdeeva
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Siberian state Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation

Abstract


Trachyspermum ammi fruits (T. ammi) are widely sold and used in the Arabian herbal markets, which requires scientific investigations about its biological activities. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed that it contains 20 compounds, of which the main components are aromatic and monocyclic terpenes. Thymol was present in the higher amounts (36.00%) followed by γ-terpinene (26.01%) and m-cymene (21.44%). The essential oil of T. ammi contains about 9.77% of bicyclic terpenes of which β-pinene is about 6.70%. The anti-bacterial activity (in vitro) was performed by disc diffusion, MIC and MBC methods. The essential oil of the fruits of T. ammi exhibited significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms (three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria) and it was comparable to the positive control (Chloramphenicol), with a remarkable MIC and MBC values. Water extract of T. ammi exhibited promising larvicidal activity against S. littoralis and the lethal concentration, LC50 was found to be 6.21%. The current study provides some scientific support to the application of T. ammi fruits in traditional medicine and suggests it as a source of antibacterial drug and natural larvicidal agents for crops as biocontrols.

Keywords


GC-MS, MBC, MIC, Spodoptera Littoralis.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr%2F2019%2F23310