International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Shahid Iqbal ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ², Ra'ana Afzal ³, Qasim Ali ⁴, Syeda Taskeen Muryam Naqvi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, PK
2 Department of Anthropology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, PK
3 Dar.ul.aman Hafizabad, PK
4 Department of Sociology University of Gujrat, PK

Abstract

Female education plays an important role in the societal progress and improvement. The literacy rate among rural females is 29% in Pakistan. In the developing countries like Pakistan, the traditional attitude towards women education is painstaking a keyobstacle in girls' schooling. In this study an effort had been made to explore the effect of traditional attitude on the educational attainment of rural females in Pakistan. The present study was conducted in the rural areas of the district Hafizabad. A sample of size 700 female children was selected using multistage random sampling technique. The fmal completed school grade was considered as the response variable. The analysis reveals that the girls, who belonged to households where the minds of the heads of the households were entrenched in the local cultural values, had lower levels of educational attainment as compared to the girls of households where the heads of the households were liberal. The study realizes the need to encourage the male heads of the households for schooling of their daughters as a short-run policy. Efforts to neutralize an innovative attitude towards females in the third world nations are the need of the hour. International organizations and States of the developing world should manage to promulgate the importance of female education.

Keywords

Traditional Attitude, Female Educational Attainment, Rural Hafizabd

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Waheed Chaudhry ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Muhammad Sulaman Ijaz ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This anthropological research is an attempt to investigate how Sardar (feudal) and Sardari Nizam(feudal system) is creating impediments in access to education for the local people of their area. This research paper explains how ghost schools, evzi system, cheating in examinations, nepotism and corruption are being practiced under the supervision of local Vadayrasand Sardars.Vadayras create such sort of hurdles to get their benefits and to suppress the layman. A glimpse of the hierarchy of the Sardari System of Marri tribe in district Kohlu of Balochistan is also presented here. The research was conducted in the city area of district Kohlu. Different anthropological, qualitative data collection methods were used to collect empirical data. The technique of triangulation was used to verity the data. The study highlighted the major impediment of getting education created by Sardars and Vadayras in detail. Finally, there are some suggestions to overcome all these impediments.

Keywords

Nawab, Sardar, Vadayras, Meer, Tribal System, Political Control, Judicial Administration, Revenue, Education.

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Juhi Naveed ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Mamonah Ambreen ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK
2 DNFCE, Allama Iqbal Open Univetsity, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

The relationship between the philosophy of Pakistan and religious beliefs Islam has been the only reason behind the development of the country. Islamic lessons and concepts provide the code of life for Muslims. The development of a viable and flourish community requires that Islamic knowledge is delivered to the public, particularly females who are the contractors of the community. Females have been definitely playing getting Islamic knowledge due to the recent Islamic knowledge motions specially targeted to attract women of towns that belong to educated, wealthy families. Institutions like Al Huda International, Minhajul Quran, and Mawrid are pulling in individuals from well versed classes incorporating specialists, designs, educators, and individuals from all kinds of different backgrounds. Huda International is one of the religious establishments, which have amalgamated old and new types of information, and have pulled in ladies from center and privileged societies of the urban populace. The goal of Huda, guided by the organizer and holder, Farhat Hashmi, is to teach ladies having a place with distinctive callings and teaching them about Islamic teachings and rehearses for the purpose that our social order may flourish and thrive.

Keywords

Madrasa, Mosque, Female, Islam, Education, Knowledge, Hadith.

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Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Mahvish Farooq ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Qayid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

The paper deals with the symbolic representation of red color among natives of Rawalakot. A district in state of Azad Kashmir. The mam objectives of this study were to investigate the significance of culture in the ways people establish the meaning of red color, what role the self and socio-cultural influence play in an individual's interpretation and establishment of meaning of red color, and to know about physical and mental effects of red color with joy, happiness, love, depression, celebrations etc.. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand that how people culturally attached with red color and symbolize their lives with it. Colors are considered not in isolation, but they are mainly studied in contrasting pairs or in sequences. Researchers found that a specific color could have different associations in different conditions, and that generally the associations are more abstract than concrete. The present study focused on the use of colors in a specific culture, and results will show that one color may imply different meanings at the same place, and this makes us to understand on how colors are construed in cross cultural diversity This paper deals with the ways how a specific color (red) conveys meanings in two primary ways - natural associations and psychological symbolism. The qualitative anthropological techniques were used to collect empirical data.

Keywords

Red Color, Culture, Natural Association, Psychological Symbolism.

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Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Sheikh Naqeebullah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

In this research paper entitled “social dynamics and changing educational systems”an attempt has been made to analyze modern educational systems and its impact on the social structures. Society perceived stagnant in the being system without any change, is considered to be defunct society. Education is the sole determinant of the pace of “social change” the immediate factor. “Industrial Revolution”, brought by “Education” not only carried remarkable changes, but eventuated class stratifications, the “Bourgeoisie” and “Proletarians”. China prudently resorted to embed the education, firmly in the state system, thereby burgeoned swiftly and set herself as an epitome for all the underdeveloped and developing countries. Religious education does prove itself an instrumental part in bringing about changes, Pakistan was an outcome of the religious-cum-political leaders. The partition scheme was maneuvered by the political leaders, but consummated by the religious abbots, when the religion-syndrome was infused into Muslims and Hindus. The data presented in this paper were collected through qualitative anthropological technique. Data were collected in the vicinities of Islamabad.

Keywords

Education, Social Change, Bourgeoisie, Proletarians, Theological Education, Industrial Revolution.

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Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Iqra Rehman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This research paper entitled “problems for the women in their career choices” deals with the research finding regarding the problems faced by the working especially who are on the verge of their career choices. The major source of these problems is inequality, lack of awareness, media and family issues. During their career choice, decision making and proper analysis are very important factors. Self actualization is another major factor, which is not properly taken care of. Now a day's everything is on the capabilities and aptitude so somehow it is problems are getting resolved. A woman needs support and families are also supporting them. Significant relationship between major selection and career related decision making implied the selection of main field should correspond with the career planning process. The data presented in this paper were collected through qualitative anthropological techniques. In-depth interviews were conducted in Quaid i Azam University Islamabad. The target population was the girls who were just to complete their education and were planning their careers and for that matter 15 respondents were chosen by using the convenience sampling method.

Keywords

Career Choices, Decisionmaking, Self Actualization, Media Involvement, Self Interest.

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