International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Poonam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, JhojhuKalan, Bhiwani, IN

Abstract

This paper explains that poverty is a social phenomenon in which a section of society is unable to fulfill even its basic necessities of life. The countries of world exhibit invariably the existence of mass poverty, although poverty also exists even in the developed countries of Europe and America. In almost all underworld countries where per capital income is very low, income inequality has resulted in a member of evils, of which poverty is certainly the most serious one. The major problem before any economy is to achieve consistently rising levels of economic growth. In recent years, there has grown disillusionment both in rich and poor countries about the pursuit of growth as the main socio-economic objective. In the countries of Third world, e.g. in India economic growth has resulted in glaring inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth; it has widened the gap between the rich and the poor. The paper covers characteristics, causes of rural and urban poverty, strategies to remove, and poverty alleviation programmes for rural and urban poverty. The paper also provides estimates about poverty. Planning Commission, as the Government's nodal agency, estimates the incidence of poverty at the national and state levels, on the basis of large sample survey on household consumer expenditure conducted by National Sample Survey (NSS) Organization approximately every five years. India has emerged at the 4th largest economy globally with a high growth rate and has improved its global ranking in terms of per capita income. India has moved up the ranks, but is still the poorest among theG-20. The paper explains New BPL Criteria formed by N. C. Sexena panel in August 2008. This paper also explains Tendulkar Committee's Recommendations about poverty. The committee suggested a formula based on 'Consumption Expenditure' for identifying BPL families. A 'Basket of Minimum List' has been included in consumption expenditure. Tendulkar's new formula adopted the 'Cost of Living' as the basis for identifying proverty. The paper shows India's ranking in Global Hunger Index.

Keywords

Poverty, Causes, Reductions

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Sangeeta Saini ¹, Poonam ², Satyaveer Nehra ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, GSSS, Gangwa, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Tagore PG College of Education, Barwa, Bhiwani, IN
3 Senior Citizen Club, Hisar, IN

Abstract

Industrialization has provided humanity with many material and social benefits. Unfortunately, it has also brought about many material and social problems, one of which is environmental pollution that now a days poses a major threat not only to humans, but also to all life on earth. The aim of the present study is to assess the level of environmental awareness among high school teachers in Haryana to study the extent of their environmental worry; and to evaluate the relationship between their environmental awareness and worry, and how they vary with different socio-demographic variables. The finding revealed that There are no significant difference between the environmental education awareness of school teachers in relation to level. At school stage emphasis should be made mostly on building up awareness and attitude through real life situations and conservation.

Keywords

Environmental Awareness, High School Teachers.

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Poonam ¹, Shakuntla Punia ¹, Shanti Balda ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Home Science, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryna, IN

Abstract

Parental functioning is influenced by a variety of forces, yet the personal resources of parents have the greatest potential for buffering the parenting system. Factors related to the parents are most central to parenting competence, often mediating associations between broader social variables and variation in parenting styles. In the present study, focus was mainly on three parental variables i.e., temperamental qualities, malaise and emotional intelligence. The study was undertaken in purposively selected Hisar city, of Haryana State. Atotal of 120 two-children families were selected randomly equally representing the two SES groups i.e., upper-middle (60) and lower-middle (60). Regarding temperamental qualities out of the total sample of fathers, nearly 17% were identified as having extraversion temperament and another 10 per cent had neuroticism temperament profile. In case of mothers nearly 20 and 17 per cent were categorized into extraversion and neuroticism temperament profile. Further, majority of mothers and fathers possessed normal level of emotional intelligence and upper -middle SES mothers and fathers were slightly better in emotional intelligence than their counterparts. Regarding comparative status on malaise of parents, non-significant differences between mothers and fathers were depicted in overall sample and within two SES groups. However, on the basis of mean scores it can be interpreted that fathers scored slightly higher on malaise than mothers showing that fathers were more at risk of illness (psychological or physiological).

Keywords

Psychological Well-Being, Temperamental Qualities, Malaise and Emotional Intelligence.

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