A Comparative Review of Vertical Handover Decision-Making Mechanisms in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Background/Objectives: Heterogeneous wireless networks are converging towards an all-IP network as part of the socalled next-generation network. In this paradigm, different access technologies need to be interconnected; thus, vertical handovers or vertical handoffs are necessary for seamless mobility. In this paper, we prepare a review of existing vertical handover decision-making mechanisms that aim to provide ubiquitous connectivity to mobile users. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To offer a systematic comparison, we categorize these vertical handover mechanisms based on TCP/IP layers. Subsequently, we evaluate several vertical handover decision-making mechanisms in the literature and compare them according to their advantages and limitations. Results/Findings: The paper compares the algorithms based on the network selection methods, flexibility and complexity of the technologies used. We find that the deployment of crosslayer architecture as a handover trigger and then performs handover accordingly with multi-path transmission can reduce packet losses around the handover. Conclusion/Application: The cross layer design approach seems to be a best solution for attaining seamless service continuity in order to facilitate seamless connectivity.