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Zhang, Yan
- Optimization of MSW Collection Routing System to Reduce Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, CN
2 School of Educational Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, CN
3 School of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, CN
4 School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, CN
1 Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, CN
2 School of Educational Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, CN
3 School of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, CN
4 School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, CN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 13, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 177-184Abstract
With development of economy and modern socialization, the daily yield of household solid waste becomes a serious problem nowadays. To dispose of these solid wastes, people should collect the wastes and transport to municipal solid waste treatment plant to handle it. Usually, municipal solid waste (MSW) collection can account for more than 70% costs in the total MSW management system, and most of these costs are fuel costs. As we know, the emissions from vehicles contribute acid rain and global warming a lot in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to find an optimal solution to reduce the emission and minimize the fuel consumption. By applying systems engineering methods, some models can be designed and modified to simulate the routes for collecting and transporting the MSW in the major urban area, in order to get an optimal solution which can achieve the goal of reducing fuel consumption from transportation and emission. In this study, an optimization for MSW collection routing using 3D GIS modeling is reviewed to get some new knowledge and idea. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a successful example and methodology which is used to optimize the MSW collection routing system, and design a model to find an optimal solution to minimize the fuel consumption and reduce the emissions in one area of St. John's, Newfoundland, by applying systems engineering methods.Keywords
Municipal Solid Waste, MSW Collection Routing, 3D GIS Model, Systems Engineering.Full Text
- Changes in Capacity of China’s Agriculture to Feed its Population
Abstract Views :279 |
PDF Views:98
Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, CN
1 School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, CN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 02 (2018), Pagination: 280-291Abstract
In order to better understand whether China’s agriculture can feed its population, and how much Chinese demand for food depends on the world, the changes in capacity of China’s agriculture to feed the nation were explored. Moreover, the main food sources of energy and nutrients for the Chinese and the contribution of imported agricultural products were studied. The results show that for energy, self-sufficiency in cereals was achieved in 1970. Energy, protein, fat and superior protein provided by self-produced agricultural products could also meet the nation’s demand since 1983, 1994, 1998 and 2002 respectively. Due to opening up, the supply of energy and nutrients increased and met the nation’s demand ahead of time. Cereals have been the main source of energy and nutrients for the Chinese, but their importance has decreased. Energy and nutrients from vegetable products are substantial; however, the share of energy and nutrients from animal products has increased. The contribution rate of energy from imported products was low, but that of fat and superior protein increased rapidly and has been over the warning level of food security since 2000. Cereals, meats, eggs and vegetables, with a strong self-support capacity, are the most important food sources for the Chinese. It indicates that China has been depending on domestic production to meet its demand up to now. However, with growth in the population, optimization of nutritional structure and imbalance of the agriculture structure, the nation will have a great demand for the world’s agricultural products.Keywords
Demand, Energy, Food Security, Nutrients, Supply.Full Text
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- Ramp Delta Deposit and Palaeogeography Evolution of Permian Paralic Basin in Southwest Shandong Province, North China
Abstract Views :122 |
PDF Views:124
Authors
Affiliations
1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Geological Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao-266590, CN
1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Geological Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao-266590, CN
Source
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Vol 9, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 1033-1037Abstract
The paper focuses on the deltaic deposition of Southwest Shandong and studies its sedimentary characteristics and evolution of paleogeography. It can be identified six kinds of lithofacies including drab yellow coarse-sand facies (CS), grayish medium-sand facies (MS), grayish fine-sand facies (FS), dark grey mudstone and siltstone interbedding (MFS), coal (CB), dark mudstone (DM). Eight kinds of sedimentary microfacies are identified which are: distributary channel facies (MS and CS association), mouth bar facies (MS and FS association), natural levee facies (FS and MFS association), crevasse splay facies (MS, FS and MFS association), peat swamp facies (DM and CB association), distal bar facies (MFS), bay or littoral-neritic facies (DM). Isochronous sedimentary contrast is carried out in the delta sedimentary of Southwest Shandong and divided into five cycles. C1 mainly forms bay facies of prodelta in early stage, delta plain and delta front deposition in later stage. C2 develops delta front and prodelta deposition in the southwest and delta plain in the northern of the study area in early stage, delta plain in later stage. C3 develops delta front deposition in early stage, delta plain in later stage, C4 and C5 are mainly formed in delta plain, and Zibo area has evolved into continental fluvial sedimentary.Keywords
Southwest Shandong, Permian, Delta, Paleogeography.Full Text