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Vipul Thakur ¹, Mahesh Kumar ¹, R. L. Rathish ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar-263 145, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to know the status of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) antibodies in the bovines of the selected area of Uttarakhand.

Materials and Methods: A total of 489 serum samples, 392 of cattle and 97 of buffaloes were randomly collected from the unvaccinated bovine population of five districts viz., Dehradun, Haridwar, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar and were tested by avidin biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for BHV-1 antibodies.

Results: The overall prevalence was observed to be 29.03%. At district level, the highest prevalence was recorded in Pithoragarh district (40.00%) while it was lowest in district Udham Singh Nagar (16.00%). The prevalence of BHV-1 antibodies was found to be higher in unorganized dairy units (31.02%) compared to organized farms (26.51%) in Uttarakhand. Buffaloes were found to have greater prevalence (38.14%) than cattle (26.78%) while on sex-wise basis; it was found that more females (30.08%) were harboring antibodies to the virus than males (16.21%).

Conclusion: The study revealed that the population in the area under study has been exposed to BHV-1 and hence prevention and control strategies must be implemented.

Keywords

Avidin Biotin Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Seroprevalence.

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Vipul Thakur ¹, Dheeraj Mandloi ², Deepak Khare ³, Shailesh Gupta ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., IN
2 Department of Applied Science, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., IN
3 Department of Chemistry, L.N.C.T., Indore, M.P., IN
4 Department of Chemistry, Govt. Polytechnic College, Naogawan, Chattarpur, M.P., IN

Abstract

In the Refractories world three decades ago, very few people were acquainted to silica fume and its usage. After a few years, it was used as an additive to brick. When added to high Alumina brick, mullite was formed in the matrix of the brick on firing, giving the brick good volume stability, strength and chemical resistance. When used in basic brick, high hot strengths resulted, at least at 2700°F, which was about the limit of what could be tested. At the time it was only logical that silica fume would be used in brick not castables. Brick were used for all critical applications, no one would have considered using castables. In this paper we shall discuss the manufacturing, properties of silica fume and its effect on concrete after addition. Today's refractory castables have gone beyond having "brick-like properties" to actually out performing brick in many applications. Silica fume has played a major role in this transformation.

Keywords

Silica, Concrete, High-Performance, Smelting, Structures, Strength.

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Sakshi Chauhan ¹, V. S. Singh ¹, Vipul Thakur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Aim: An experiment was conducted on day old 168 broiler chicks to study the effect of 0.4% as well as 0.2% Calotropis procera (madar) leaf powder and 0.0125% amprolium supplementation on parasitological parameters of broilers during mixed Eimeria species infection.
Materials and Methods: Chicks were randomly divided into seven groups (I-VII) each with two replicates of 12 chicks. On 15^th day of experiment, broilers of Group II, IV, VI, and VII were infected with 50,000 sporulated oocysts of mixed Eimeria species. To evaluate the anticoccidial effect of different feed supplements percent fecal score, percent survival, percent weight gain, performance index (PI), average oocyst production, and percent reduction in oocyst production were calculated.
Results: It was observed that amprolium supplementation had maximum anticoccidial effect as it gave the best efficacy in terms of all parameters, whereas supplementation of 0.4% madar leaf powder showed nonsignificant difference with amprolium for some parameters such as percent survival, percent weight gain, and PI.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that madar (C. procera) leaf powder and amprolium had comparable activity against coccidiosis. Hence, madar leaf powder may be used for the prevention and control of mixed Eimeria spp. infection prevalent in field conditions.

Keywords

Amprolium, Calotropis procera, Coccidiosis, Parasitological Parameters.

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