Refine your search
Co-Authors
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Kothari, Vijay
- Anti-oxidant Activity of M. zapota and C. limon Seeds
Abstract Views :444 |
PDF Views:428
Authors
Source
Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 10, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 175-180Abstract
Seed extracts of Citrus limon and Manilkara zapota were analyzed for their antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were also estimated, antioxidant activity was found to be correlated to the former. Chloroform-methanol extract of M. zapota exhibited the highest total antioxidant capacity among all samples tested. The chloroform-methanol solvent mixture proved most efficient in extracting phenolic constituents.Keywords
Antioxidant, Free Radical, Manilkara zapota, Citrus limon, Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids- Comparative Study of Various Methods for Extraction of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Compounds from Plant Seeds
Abstract Views :885 |
PDF Views:813
Authors
Source
Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 12, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 162-173Abstract
Extracts from seeds of five different plants were prepared in water, methanol, and ethanol by employing five different methods of extraction viz. Soxhlet method, ultrasonication, extraction by continuous shaking at room temperature, and microwave assisted extraction- with and without intermittent cooling. All these extracts were compared with respect to extraction efficiency, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity. Soxhlet method proved best in terms of high extraction efficiency, and extraction of phenolic compounds. Microwave assisted extraction with intermittent cooling (MAE), room temperature extraction by shaking (ERT), and ulrasonication assisted extraction (UAE) proved good at extracting antibacterial compounds from plant seeds. Latter also proved effective at extracting antioxidant compounds. Extraction efficiency was found to have no notable correlation with any of the parameters assayed. Methanol proved most suitable solvent for extraction of flavonoids.Keywords
Extraction, Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasonication Assisted Extraction (UAE), Seeds, Flavonoids- Tamarindus indica (Cesalpiniaceae), and Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) Seed Extracts can Kill Multidrug Resistant Streptococcus mutans in Biofilm
Abstract Views :899 |
PDF Views:563
Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Science, Nirma University, S-G Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, IN
1 Institute of Science, Nirma University, S-G Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, IN
Source
Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 13, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 81-94Abstract
Extracts of Emblica officinalis seeds prepared by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method were evaluated for their antimicrobial property against planktonic form of certain human/plant pathogenic microbes. Additionally, seed extracts of E. officinalis, Tamarindus indica, Manilkara zapota, Phoenix sylvestris, Syzygium cumini, and selected phytocompounds were tested against multi-drug resistant Streptococcus mutans (a major pathogen associated with human dental caries) in its planktonic as well as biofilm form. Ability of these extracts to eradicate and kill S. mutans biofilm was investigated. E. officinalis extracts exerted bactericidal action against S. mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholerae. Acetone extract of S. cumini, and curcumin were able to inhibit S. mutans at appreciably low concentrations of 50 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL respectively. T. indica and S. cumini seed extracts were able to kill ≥ 80% cells of S. mutans in biofilm, in the concentration range of 500-1000 μg/mL. These extracts were able to achieve ≥ 95% killing of S. mutans biofilm at concentrations ranging from 600-2000 μg/mL. Ability of the potent extracts to kill S. mutans biofilm did not seem to be much dependent on eradication of the biofilm. Extraction efficiency was found to have a good correlation with antibacterial activity.Keywords
Antibacterial, Biofilm, Drug-resistance, Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Emblica officinalisReferences
- Talaro KP. Foundation in Microbiology: Basic Principles. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008.
- Buchanan BB, Gruissen W, Jones RL, editors. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. India: I. K. International Pvt. Ltd.; 2000.
- Yigit D, Yigit N, Mavi A. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of bitter and sweet apricot (Prumus armeniaca L.) kernels. Braz J Med Res. 2009 Apr; 42(4):346–52.
- Mah TFC, O’Toole GA. Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends Microbiol. 2001 Jan 1; 9(1):34–9.
- Chen L, Wen Y. The role of bacterial biofilm in persistent infections and control strategies. Int J Oral Sci. 2011; 3:66–73. DOI. 10.4248/IJOS11022
- Hasan S, Danishuddin M, Adil M, Singh K, Verma PK, Khan AU. Efficacy of E. officinalis on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans: a novel and alternative approach to suppress quorum-sensing mechanism. PLoS ONE. 2012 Jul 5; 7(7):1–12.
- Kunze B, Reck M, Dötsch A, Lemme A, Schummer D, Irschik H, Wagner-Döbler I. Damage of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by carolacton, a secondary metabolite from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. BMC microbiol. 2010 Jul 26; 10(1):199–211.
- Rukayadi Y, Hwang JK. In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006 Apr; 42(4):400–4.
- Hosseini F, Adlgostar A, Sharifnia F. Antibacterial Activity of Pistacia atlantica extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Int Res J Biological Sci. 2013 Feb; 2(2):1–7.
- Kothari V, Punjabi A, Gupta S. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of Annona squamosa Seeds. The Icfai Univ J Life Sci. 2009; 3(1):55–60.
- Kothari V, Seshadri S. In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts of Manilkara zapota, Anona squamosa, and Tamarindus indica. Biol Res. 2010 Sep 24; 43(2):165–8.
- Kothari V. In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts of Pheonix sylvestris Roxb (Palmae) and Tricosanthes dioica L (Cucurbitaceae). Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm. 2011; 5(1): 993–7.
- Darji B, Ratani J, Doshi M, Kothari V. In vitro antimicrobial activity in certain plant products /seed extracts against selected phytopathogens. Res Pharm. 2012; 2(6):1–10.
- Ramanuj K, Bachani P, Kothari V. In vitro antimicrobial activity of certain plant products/seed extracts against multidrug resistant Propionibacterium acnes, Malassezia furfur, and aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus. Res Pharm. 2012; 2(3):22–31.
- Jorgensen JH, Turnidge JD. Susceptibility test methods: dilution and disk diffusion methods. In: Murry PR, Washington editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 7th Ed. New York: ASM International; 2003.
- Ingroff A, Pfaller MA. Susceptibility test methods: yeasts and filamentous fungi. In: Murry PR, editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 7th Ed. New York: ASM Press; 2003.
- Wadhwani T, Desai K, Patel D, Lawani D, Bahaley P, Joshi P, Kothari V. Effect of various solvents on bacterial growth in context of determining MIC of various antimicrobials. Internet J Microbiol. 2009; 7(1). DOI 10.5580/b43
- Pfaller MA, Sheehan DJ, Rex JH. Determination of fungicidal activities against yeasts and molds: lessons learned from bactericidal testing and the need for standardization. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17(2): 268–80.
- Eloff JN. Quantifying the bioactivity of plant extracts during screening and bioassay guided fractionation. Phytomed. 2004; 11(4): 370–1.
- Borgio JF, Thorat PK, Lonkar AD. Antimycotic and antibacterial activities of Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC extracts and its phytochemical studies. The Int J Microbiol. 2008; 5(2):1–14.
- Mathur T, Singhal S, Khan S, Upadhyay DJ, Fatma T, Rattan A. Detection of biofilm formation among the clinical isolates of staphylococci: an evaluation of three different screening methods. Indian J Med Microbi. 2006 Jan; 24(1):25–9.
- Goldman E, Green LH, editors. Practical handbook of microbiology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2009.
- Ramage G, Walle KV, Wickes B, Piz-ribot JL. Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Sep; 45(9):2475–9.
- Mandal V, Mohan Y, Hemalatha S. Microwave assisted extraction - an innovative and promising extraction tool for medicinal plant research. Phcog Rev. 2007 Jan-May; 1(1):7–18.
- Kothari V. Screening of various plant products/plant extracts for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and to investigate correlation of the latter with phenolic content of the sample. Nirma University: Ph.D thesis; 2011.
- Choi MJ, Lee E, Lee S, Reza MA, Le S, Gebru E, Rhee M, Park S. The in vitro antibacterial activity of florfenicol in combination with amoxicillin or cefuroxime against pathogenic bacteria of animal origin. Pak Vet J. 2010; 31(2):141–4.
- Brown NP, Pillar CM, Draghi DC, Grover P, Alluru V, Torres MK, Sahm DF, Sandvang D, Kristensen H-H. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) analysis and time kill kinetic (TK) analysis of NZ2114 against Staphylococci and Streptococci. Poster presented at the 48th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 46th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. 2008. (http://www. eurofins.com/media/694478/ICAAC2008-nz2114%20 timekill%20F1 3963%20v5%20to%20print.pdf).
- Kognou A, Ngane R, Kuiate J, Mogtomo M, Tiabou A, Mouokeu R, Biyiti L, Zollo P. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract of stem bark of Pteleopsis hylodendron (Combretaceae). Chemother Res and Pract. 2011 Mar 3;2011:1–7. DOI. 10.1155/2011/218750
- Konate K, Kiendrebeogo M., Ouattara M, Souza A, Lamien-Meda M, Nongasida Y, Barro N, Millogo- Rasolodimby J, Nacoulma O. Antibacterial potential of aqueous acetone extracts from five medicinal plants used traditionally to treat infectious diseases in Burkina Faso. Curr Res J Biol Sci. 2011; 3(5): 435–42.
- Li XZ, Nikaido H, Poole K. Role of mexA-mexB-oprM in antibiotic efflux in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother. 1995; 39(9): 1948–53.
- Gibbons S. Phytochemicals for Bacterial Resistance - strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. Planta Med. 2008; 74(6):594–602.
- Aneja KR, Joshi R, Sharma C. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Emblica officinalis against dental caries pathogens. Ethnobot Leaflets. 2010; 14(4):402–12.
- Gupta P, Nain P, Sidana J. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity on Emblica officinalis seed extract. IJRAP. 2012 Jul-Aug; 3(4):591–6.
- Kothari V, Gupta A, Naraniwal M. Comparative study of various methods for extraction of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds from plant seeds. J Nat Remedies. 2012; 12(2):162–73.
- Kothari V, Naraniwal M, Gupta A. Effect of certain phytochemicals on Aeromonas hydrophila. Res Biotechnol. 2011; 2(4):20–5.
- Rais D, Singh JK, Roy N, Panda D. Curcumin inhibits FtsZ assembly: an attractive mechanism for its antibacterial activity. Biochem J. 2008 Feb 15; 410(1):147–155.
- Kumar S, Narain U, Trapathi S, Misra K. Syntheses of curcumin bioconjugates and study of their antibacterial activities against-lactamase producing microorganisms. Bioconjug chem. 2001 Jul-Aug; 12(4): 464–9.
- Martins CVB, Silva DL, Neres ATM, Magalhaes TFF, Watanabe GA, Modolo LV, Sabino AA, Fatima A, Resende M.A. Curcumin as a promising antifungal of clinical interest. J. Antimicrob. Chemoth. 2009 Nov 26; 63(2):337–9.
- Cui L, Miao J, Cui L. Cytotoxic effect of curcumin on malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: Inhibition of histone acetylation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007; 51(2):488–94.
- Han S, Yang Y. Antimicrobial activity of wool fabric treated with curcumin. Dyes Pigments. 2005 Feb; 64(2): 157–61.
- Rudrappa T, Bais HP. Curcumin, a known phenolic from Curcuma longa, attenuates the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in whole plant and animal pathogenicity models. J Agr Food Chem. 2008 Mar 26; 56(6):1955–62.
- Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as ‘‘Curecumin’’: From kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 15; 75(4): 787– 809.
- Kothari V, Seshadri S, Mehta P. Fractionation of antibacterial extracts of Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) seeds. Res Biotechnol. 2011; 2(6):53–63.
- Khan KH. Roles of Emblica officinalis in Medicine - A Review. Bot Res Int. 2009; 2(4): 218–28.
- Almeida LSB, Murata RM, Yatsuda R, Dos Santos MH, Nagem TJ, Alencar SM, Koo H, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial activity of Rheedia brasiliensis and 7-epiclusianone against Streptococcus mutans. Phytomed. 2008; 15: 886–91. DOI. 10.1016/j. phymed. 2007.12.003
- Islam TH, Azad AHB, Akter S, Datta S. Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants on Streptococcus mutans, A causing agent of dental caries. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2012 Dec; 1(10):1–6.
- Larsen T, Fiehn NE, Ostergaard E. The susceptibility of dental plaque bacteria to the herbs included in longa vital. Microb Ecol Health D. 1996; 9(3): 91–5.
- Jebashree HS, Kingsley SJ, Sathish ES, Devapriya D. Antimicrobial activity of few medicinal plants against clinically isolated human cariogenic pathogens-an in vitro study. ISRN Dent. 2011 Jun 8; 2011:1–6. DOI. 10.5402/2011/541421
- Prabu GR, Gnanamani A, Sadulla S. Guaijaverin–a pl-ant flavonoid as potential antiplaque agent against Stre-ptococcus mutans. J App Microbiol. 2006; 101(2): 487–95.
- Islam B, Khan SN, Haque I, Alam M, Mushfiq M, Khan AU. Novel anti-adherence activity of mulberry leaves: inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm by 1-deoxynojirimycin isolated from Morus alba. J Antimicrob Chemoth. 2008 Jun 18; 62(4):751–7.
- Dworkin M, editors. The prokaryotes. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2006.
- Hatch RA, Schiller NL. Alginate lyase promotes diffusion of aminoglycosides through the extracellular polysaccharide of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Apr; 42(4):974–7.
- Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Apr; 15(2):167–93.
- Al-Fattani, Douglas LJ. Penetration of Candida biofilms by antifungal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Sept; 48(9):3291–7.
- Al-Sohaibani S, Murugan K. Anti-biofilm activity of Salvadora persica on cariogenic isolates of Streptococcus mutans: in vitro and molecular docking studies. Biofouling. 2012 Jan; 28(1):29–38.
- Naidoo R, Patel M, Gulube Z, Fenyvesi I. Inhibitory activity of Dodonaea viscose var. angustifolia extract against Streptococcus mutans and its biofilm. J Ethnopharmacol, 2012 Oct 31; 144(1):171–4.
- Marsh PD, Bradshaw DJ. Microbiological effects of new agents in dentifrices for plaque control. Int Dent J. 1993 Aug; 43(4):399–406.
- Wilson M., Patel H, Noar JH. Effect of chlorhexidine on multi-species biofilms. Curr Microbiol. 1998 Jan; 36(1):13–18.
- Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Dunlap PV, Clark DP. Brock biology of microorganisms. U.S.: Pearson Benjamin CummingsTM; 2009.
- Olson ME, Ceri H, Morck DW, Buret AG, Read RR. Biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. Can J Vet Res. 2002 Apr; 66(2):86–92.
- Roberts ME, Stewart PS. Modelling protection from antimicrobial agents in biofilms through the formation of persister cells. Microbiology. 2004 Jan; 151(1):75–80.
- Silva NB, Alexandria AK, Lima A, Claudino LV, Carneiro TF, Costa AC, Valença AM, Cavalcanti AL. In vitro antimicrobial activity of mouth washes and herbal products against dental biofilm-forming bacteria. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012; 3(3):302–5.
- Aneja KR, Joshi R, Sharma C. The antimicrobial potential of ten often used mouthwashes against four dental caries pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2010 Jan; 3(1): 15–27.
- In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Manilkara hexandra (Sapotaceae) Seed Extracts and Violacein against Multidrug Resistant Streptococcus mutans
Abstract Views :297 |
PDF Views:163
Authors
Source
Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 15, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 1-11Abstract
Extracts of the Pongamia pinnata, Manilkara hexandra, and Pyrus pyrifolia seeds prepared by microwave assisted extraction method, and the violet pigment- violacein extracted from Chromobacterium violaceoum were screened for their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.M. hexandra extracts were able to inhibit both the test strains of S. mutans used in this study with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 600-800 µg/mL. These extracts exerted bactericidal action against S. mutans with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 600-900 µg/mL. Acetone extract of M. hexandra seeds registered highest average total activity of 231.20 mL/g. Extraction efficiency was found to have a moderately good correlation with antibacterial activity. Violacein exerted bactericidal action with MIC and MBC of less than 2 µg/mL against both the strains.Keywords
Bactericidal; Biofilm; Microwave assisted extraction; Total activity- Influence of a Mono-Frequency Sound on Bacteria can be a Function of the Sound-Level
Abstract Views :174 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Vijay Kothari
1,
Chinmayi Joshi
1,
Pooja Patel
1,
Milan Mehta
1,
Sashikant Dubey
1,
Brijesh Mishra
1,
Niral Sarvaiya
1
Affiliations
1 Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad – 382481, Gujarat, IN
1 Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad – 382481, Gujarat, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 11, No 4 (2018), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the effect of a mono-frequency (300 Hz) sound on the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum at different sound levels. Methods: Chromobacterium violaceum was subjected to sonic stimulation with 300 Hz sound, at five different levels of loudness in the range of 70–89.5 dB. Effect of sound treatment was studied on cell yield and pigment production of this bacterium. Findings: Sonic stimulation was found to affect bacterial growth and quorum sensing regulated pigment (violacein) production significantly. Magnitude of this effect was found to be dependent on sound-level. The minimum critical difference required to cause any statistically significant change in bacterial response with respect to sound-level was found to be 13 dB. Growth of C. violaceum was affected more at lower sound intensity, whereas pigment production was affected more at higher sound intensity. Additional experiments with C. violaceum and Serratia marcescens indicated that even a silent speaker emitting no sound can alter bacterial growth and/or pigment production up to a minor extent. Size of the test tube in which bacteria are exposed to sonic stimulation was not found to affect the results much. Application: This study has shown that C. violaceum does respond to sonic stimulation and that the intensity of sound is an important determinant affecting magnitude of this response.Keywords
sonic stimulation, violacein, prodigiosin, quorum sensing, sound level, magnetic field effect- Frequency-Dependent Response of Chromobacterium violaceum to Sonic Stimulation and Altered Gene Expression Associated with Enhanced Violacein Production at 300 Hz
Abstract Views :263 |
PDF Views:68
Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, IN
1 Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 83-90Abstract
In this study, Chromobacterium violaceum was subjected to sonic (100–2000 Hz) stimulation. Sound waves of 300 Hz frequency promoted bulk production of the quorum-regulated pigment, violacein. Whole transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 342 genes (i.e. 4.63% of the whole genome) were significantly upregulated in the sonic stimulated culture. Enhanced violacein production in the sound-stimulated culture seems to have stemmed from enhanced expression of the genes involved in pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in an increased availability of erythrose-4-phosphate to be used in the synthesis of tryptophan – the precursor of violacein synthesis. This study is a good demonstration of the ability of sound waves to alter bacterial metabolism.Keywords
Altered Gene Expression, Chromobacterium violaceum, Sonic Stimulation, Violacein.References
- Gagliano, M., Green symphonies: a call for studies on acoustic communication in plants. Behav. Ecol., 2012, 24(4), 789–796.
- Ward, M., Wu, J. and Chiu, J. F., Ultrasound-induced cell lysis and sonoporation enhanced by contrast agents. J. Acoust. Soc Am., 1999, 105, 2951–2970.
- Aggio, R. B. M., Obolonkin, V. and Villas-Bôas, S. G., Sonic vibration affects the metabolism of yeast cells growing in liquid culture, a metabolomic study. Metabolomics, 2012, 8, 670–680.
- Cai, W., Dunford, N. T., Wang, N., Zhu, S. and He, H., Audible sound treatment of the microalgae Picochlorum oklahomensis for enhancing biomass productivity. Bioresour. Technol., 2015, 202, 226–230.
- Sarvaiya, N. and Kothari, V., Effect of audible sound in form of music on microbial growth and production of certain important metabolites. Microbiology, 2015, 84, 227–235.
- Gu, S., Zhang, Y. and Wu, Y., Effects of sound exposure on the growth and intracellular macromolecular synthesis of E. coli k-12. Peer J., 2016, 4, e1920.
- Shah, A., Raval, A. and Kothari, V., Sound stimulation can influence microbial growth and production of certain key metabolite. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci., 2016, 5, 330–334.
- Matsuhashi, M., Pankrushina, A. N., Takeuchi, S., Ohshima, H., Miyoi, H., Endoh, K. and Mano, Y., Production of sound waves by bacterial cells and the response of bacterial cells to sound. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 1998, 44, 49–55.
- Trushin, M. V., The possible role of electromagnetic fields in bacterial communication. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., 2003, 36, 153–160.
- Reguera, G., When microbial conversations get physical. Trends Microbiol., 2011, 19, 105–113.
- Lestard, N. R. and Capella, M. A. M., Exposure to music alters cell viability and cell motility of human nonauditory cells in culture. Evid. Based Complement Altern. Med., 2016, 2016, 1–7.
- Schuster, M., Joseph, S. D., Diggle, S. P. and Peter, G. E., Acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing: from evolution to application. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 2013, 67, 43–63.
- Ghosh, R., Tiwary, B. K., Kumar, A. and Chakraborty, R., Guava leaf extract inhibits quorum-sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum induced lysis of human hepatoma cells, whole transcriptome analysis reveals differential gene expression. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9, e107703.
- Choi, S. Y., Yoon, K. H., Lee, J. I. and Mitchell, R. J., Violacein, properties and production of a versatile bacterial pigment. BioMed. Res. Int., 2015, 1–8.
- Xu, P., Rizzoni, E. A. and Sul, S. Y., Stephanopoulos, G., Improving metabolic pathway efficiency by statistical model based multivariate regulatory metabolic engineering (MRME). ACS Synth. Biol., 2016, 6, 48–158.
- Garcia, L. S., MacFarland standards, preparation of routine media and reagents used in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In Clinical Microbiology Procedures. Handbook, vol. 2, American Society for Microbiology, USA, 2010.
- Kothari, V., Joshi, C., Patel, P., Mehta, M., Dubey, S., Mishra, B. and Sarvaiya, N., Influence of a mono-frequency sound on bacteria can be a function of the sound-level. Indian J. Sci. Technol., 2018, 11(4); doi:10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i4/111366.
- Joshi, C., Kothari, V. and Patel, P., Importance of selecting appropriate wavelength, while quantifying growth and production of quorum sensing regulated pigment in bacteria. Rec. Pat. Biotechnol., 2016, 10, 145–152.
- Choo, J. H., Rukayadi, Y. and Hwang, J. K., Inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing by vanilla extract. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 42, 637–641.
- Cai, W., Effects of audio control on the growth of hydroponic plants. Ph D dissertation, Zhejiang University, China, 2013.
- Gu, S., Yang, B., Wu, Y., Li, S., Liu, W., Duan, X. and Li, M., Growth and physiological characteristics of E. coli in response to the exposure of sound field. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 2013, 16, 969–975.
- Hong, K. W., Koh, C. L., Sam, C. K., Yin, W. F. and Chan, K. G., Quorum quenching revisited – from signal decays to signalling confusion. Sensors (Basel), 2012, 12, 4661–4696.
- Chan, D. I. and Vogel, H. J., Current understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis and the acyl carrier protein. Biochem. J., 2010, 430, 1–19.
- Patnaik, P., Noise in bacterial chemotaxis, sources, analysis and control. BioSci., 2012, 62, 1030–1038.
- Brooks, B. E. and Buchanan, S. K., Signaling mechanisms for activation of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2008, 1778, 1930–1945.
- Kaye, H. N. and Darwin, A. J., Stress response in the pathogenic Yersinia Species. In Stress Responses in Microbiology (ed. Requena, J. M.), Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK, 2012.
- Castro, D. et al., Proteomic analysis of Chromobacterium violaceum and its adaptability to stress. BMC Microbiol., 2015, 15, 272.
- Singh, S. et al., Aldehyde dehydrogenases in cellular responses to oxidative/electrophilic stress. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2013, 56, 89–101.
- De Vasconcelos, A. T. et al., The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2003, 100, 11660–11665.
- Antônio, R. V. and Creczynski-Pasa, T. B., Genetic analysis of violacein biosynthesis by Chromobacterium violaceum. Genet. Mol. Res., 2004, 3, 85–91.
- Ikeda, M. and Katsumata, R., Hyperproduction of tryptophan by Corynebacterium glutamicum with the modified pentose phosphate pathway. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1999, 65, 2497–2502.
- Hoshino, T. and Yamamoto, M., Conversion from tryptophan precursor into violacein pigments by a cell-free system from Chromobacterium violaceum. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 1997, 61, 2134–2136.
- August, P. R. et al., Sequence analyses and functional characterization of the violacein biosynthetic pathway from Chromobacterium violaceum. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2000, 4, 513–519.
- Berg, J., Tymoczko, J. and Stryer, L., Biochemistry, WH Freeman and Company, New York, 2007, 6th edn.
- Ozbudak, E. M., Thattai, M., Kurtser, I., Grossman, A. D. and van Oudenaarden, A., Regulation of noise in the expression of a single gene. Nature Genet., 2002, 31, 69–73.
- Emonet, T. and Cluzel, P., Relationship between cellular response and behavioral variability in bacterial chemotaxis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008, 105, 3304–3309.
- http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000155
- Syroeshkin, A. V., Bakeeva, L. E. and Cherepanov, D. A., Contraction transitions of F1–F0 ATPase during catalytic turnover. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1998, 1409, 59–71.
- McDonnell, M. D. and Abbott, D., What is stochastic resonance? Definitions, misconceptions, debates, and its relevance to biology. PLoS Comput. Biol., 2009, 5, e1000348.
- Kaern, M., Elston, T. C., Blake, W. J. and Collins, J. J., Stochasticity in gene expression, from theories to phenotypes. Nature Rev. Genet., 2005, 6, 451–464.
- Raser, J. M. and O’Shea, E. K., Noise in gene expression, origins, consequences and control. Science, 2005, 309, 2010–2013.