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Sharma, Veena

• Haematological and Immunological Response of Achyranthes aspera Leaf and Root Extracts in Arsenic-Intoxicated Female Mice (Mus musculus)

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Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Rashmi Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali 304 022, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 110, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 708-713

Abstract

To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of Achyranthes aspera against arsenic toxicity, mice were given aqueous ischolar_main and leaf extracts at both low and high doses (100 and 200 mg/kg body wt) after being intoxicated with sodium arsenate (0.1 mg/kg body wt). Significant alterations (P < 0.05, 0.001) were seen in various haematological parameters, Ig level, macrophage yield, viability, phagocytic index and progesterone level. Results clearly depict that both A. aspera extracts significantly restore the unbalanced level up to the normal. This study shows the protective efficacy of A. aspera on altered haematological and immunological system. It is possible that future work on drug formulation may use this plant as a source.

Keywords

Achyranthes aspera, Arsenic Toxicity, Haematological Alterations, Mice Immune System.

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References

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• Magnetogravitational Instability of a Thermally Conducting Rotating Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid with Hall Current

Abstract Views :148  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

Sanjeev Kumar ¹, Veena Sharma ², Kamal Kishor ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Government Postgraduate College, Mandi, 175 001, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171 005, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Government (Boys) Senior Secondary School, Sunder Nagar, Distt. Mandi-174 401, IN

Source

The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society, Vol 77, No 1-4 (2010), Pagination: 77-88

Abstract

Magnetogravitational instability of a thermally conducting, rotating Rivlin-Ericksen fluid with finite conductivity in the presence of Hall-current with a uniform vertical magnetic field has been investigated. A general dispersion relation has been derived through relevant linearized perturbation equations. The effects of Hall currents and rotation on the condition of instability of system is examined for both longitudinal and transverse modes of propagation and it is found that for longitudinal propagation; viscoelasticity has damping effect on the system and Jeans' criterion remains unaffected.The effects of rotation and magnetic field are not observed in the modified Jeans' condition of instability,whereas in the presence of thermal conductivity, the system is necessarily stable if Jeans' condition is not satisfied. The stability of the system is discussed using Routh-Hurwitz criterion. For transverse mode of propagation;the magnetic field and rotation stabilize the system. Jeans'criterion is also discussed for instability and stability of the system.

Keywords

Magnetogravitational Instability, Thermally Conducting, Rotating Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid, Hall- Current, Dispersion Relation.

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• Mineralogical Characteristics and Mineral Economics of Kaolinite Deposit of Sawa Area, Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan

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Authors

M. S. Shekhawat ¹, Veena Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur - 313 001, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 27-34

Abstract

A large deposit of low-grade kaolinite is occurring within the rocks of Lower Vindhyan Supergroup southwest of Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan. The deposit is being utilised by open-cast, manual to semi-mechanised methods of mining. Kaolinite produced is being marketed without processing. Earlier, nearly 60% of the kaolinite produced from the area was consumed by cement industries, but in recent past, utilisation of low-grade kaolinite has been minimised by cement industries in production of ordinary cement and hence its production has significantly declined. Mineralogical studies reveal that kaolinite is the main clay-mineral and quartz, calcite, iron-oxides and biotite are present as non-clay minerals in clay deposit of the area. Chemical analysis of the kaolinite show that alumina ranges from 15 to 35% while, silica and iron varies from 51 to 78% and 0.25 to 2.50% respectively.

Keywords

Kaolinite, China Clay, Mineralogy, Mineral Economics, Vindhyan Supergroup, Rajasthan.

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References

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• Stability of Stratified Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid in the Presence of Horizontal Magnetic Field and Uniform Horizontal Rotation in Porous Medium

Abstract Views :165  |  PDF Views:2

Authors

Sanjeev Kumar ¹, Veena Sharma ², Kamal Kishor ³, G. C. Rana ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Govt. College, Joginder Nagar, Distt. Mandi, (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Govt. Senior Secondary School, Sunder Nagar, IN
4 Department of Mathematics, Govt. College, Naduan, Distt. Hamirpur (H.P.), IN

Source

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 63-71

Abstract

The influence of viscosity, viscoelasticity and medium permeability on the stability of stratified Rivlin-Ericksen viscoelastic fluid is examined for viscoelastic polymeric solutions in the simultaneous presence of a uniform horizontal magnetic field ⃗H (H, 0, 0) and uniform horizontal rotation Ω(Ω, 0, 0). These solutions are known as Rivlin-Ericksen fluids and their rheology is approximated by the Rivlin-Ericksen constitutive relations, proposed by Rivlin and Ericksen [13]. The effects of Coriolis forces on the stability is chosen along the direction of the magnetic field and transverse to that of the gravitational field g (o,o,-g). The system is found to be stable for all wave numbers for stable stratifications and unstable for unstable stratifications for the stratifications in density, viscosity, viscoelasticity, medium permeability and medium porosity. The system can be completely stabilized by large enough magnetic field, which was unstable in the absence of magnetic field; provided the initial configuration is top-heavy density wise. The kinematic viscosity and kinematic viscoelasticity have damping effects on the growth rates with the increase in kinematic viscosity and kinematic viscoelasticity, respectively, for a fixed wave number. The medium permeability has enhancing effects on the growth rates with its increase for a fixed wave number. The above results have also been shown graphically.

Keywords

Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid, Magnetic Field, Rotation, Viscosity, Viscoelasticity, Porous Medium, AMS Classification Number:76A10.

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• Analytical/Numerical Investigations of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability of Superposed Non-Viscous Fluids in the Presence of Magnetic Field

Abstract Views :169  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Abhilasha ², Sumit Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics $ Statistics, H.P.University, Shimla-5, IN
2 Govt. Degree College, Amb, Una (H.P.), IN
3 APG University, Solan (H.P.), IN

Source

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 164-168

Abstract

The instability of two immiscible superposed, non-viscous, electrically conducting and counter-streaming fluids with upper fluid layer lighter than the lower fluid layer in the presence of uniform magnetic field has been investigated numerically. Using the linear theory and normal mode analysis, the exact solutions of eigen value problem have been obtained for stress free bounding surfaces and the dispersion relation so obtained has been analysed to examine the effects of magnetic field and velocity of streaming fluids on the growth rates of the unstable mode of perturbation on the physical system. It has been found that the magnetic field has a slight stabilizing effect on the system; whereas the velocity of the counter-streaming fluids has a large enough stabilizing effect towards neutral stability.

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• Stability of Stratified Viscoelastic Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid/Plasma in the Presence of Variable Horizontal Magnetic Field

Abstract Views :119  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Anukampa Thakur ¹, Priti Bala ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics & Statistics, H.P. University, Shimla-171 005, IN

Source

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 200-206

Abstract

A study has been made of the instability of an electrically conducting stratified viscoelastic Rivlin-Ericksen fluid/plasma arranged in a horizontal strata to include a variable horizontal magnetic field. Applying the linear stability theory and normal mode technique to a set of partial differential equations, the solutions of an eigen value problem have been obtained by assuming exponential vertical stratifications in density, neutral gas density, viscosity, viscoelasticity and magnetic field. Using these solutions, the dispersion relation so obtained has been analysed numerically. It has been found that viscosity, viscoelasticity , collisional frequency and magnetic field have stabilizing effects on the growth rates for unstable configuration under certain wave-number band.

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• The Onset of Thermal Instability in a Triply Diffusive Three Dimensional Fluid Layer in Porous Medium

Abstract Views :172  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Priti Bala ¹, Sumit Gupta ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, H.P. University, Shimla-5, IN

Source

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 152-160

Abstract

An investigation is made on the onset of thermal instability in a triply diffusive three dimensional fluid layer in porous medium , since there are important fluid mechanical systems in which the density depends on three or more stratifying agencies having different diffusivities, in which the onset of convective instability in isothermal ternary and non-isothermal ternary fluids is termed as triple diffusion. Special attention is given to systems with k₁ >>k₂ , k₃ and p₁ >>K₂/K₃ where K_i is the molecular diffusivity of the ith component and Pis the molecular diffusivity of the ith component and p₁ is the thermal Prandtl number. The perturbation equations are analyzed in terms of normal modes after linearizing the relevant set of hydrodynamic equations to derive a characteristic equation. For the stationary convection, the stable solute gradients are found to have stabilizing effects on the system, due to which the onset of instability is postponed and the medium permeability parameter has a destabilizing effect on the system..The presence of stable solute gradients and medium permeability parameter also introduce oscillatory modes which were nonexistent in their absence. The case of overstability (with increasing amplitude of perturbations) is also considered and the sufficient conditions for the non existence of stable solutions are derivedr. These analytical results are confirmed numerically and the effects of various parameters on the stability analysis for both the cases of stationary convection and overstability are depicted graphically using the software Mathematica version 2007.

Keywords

Thermal Instability, P₁, Thermal Prandtl Number, Solute Rayleigh Numbers, Medium Permeability.

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• Thermal Instability of a Viscoelastic Walters'(Model B') Fluid in Hydromagnetics in the Presence of Suspended Particles

Abstract Views :177  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

Sanjeev Kumar ¹, Veena Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Government College, Joginder Nagar, Distt. Mandi (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Mathematics, H. P. University, Summer Hill, Shimla, IN

Source

International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 191-198

Abstract

The effect of suspended particles on thermal instability of a viscoelastic Walters' (model B') fluid in the presence of a uniform horizontal magnetic field is considered. The sufficient conditions for non-existence of overstability are found in the presence of horizontal magnetic field. The effect of suspended particles is to postpone the onset of convection. For stationary convection, Walters' (model B') viscoelastic fluid behaves like a Newtonian viscous fluid.

Keywords

Walters' (Model B') Fluid, Magnetic Field, Suspended Particles, Viscoelasticity.

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• MHD Stability of a Nanofluid Layer Using Darcy Model:Introduction of Oscillatory Motions for Bottom Heavy Configuration

Abstract Views :166  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Jyoti Ahuja ¹, Urvashi Gupta ², Veena Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, IN
2 Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, IN
3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171005, IN

Source

International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 233-238

Abstract

The impact of vertical magnetic field on the thermal instability of a horizontal porous nanofluid layer using Darcy model is considered for free-free boundaries. Brownian motion and thermophoretic forces are introduced due to the presence of nanoparticles and Lorentz's force term is added in the momentum equation along with the Maxwell's equations due to magnetic field. Normal mode technique and single term Galerkin approximation is employed to investigate the instability and derive the eigen value problem. It is found that the mode of instability is through oscillatory motions for bottom heavy suspension of nanoparticles. The reason for the existence of oscillatory motions is due to the occurrence of two opposite buoyancy forces i.e. density variation due to heating and density gradient of nanoparticles at the bottom of the layer. The thermal Rayleigh number increases with the increase of Chandrasekhar number and decreases with the increase of porosity. The effect of Lewis number, modified diffusivity ratio, concentration Rayleigh number and heat capacity ratio on the onset of thermal convection has been investigated analytically and presented graphically.

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• Effect of Hall Currents on the Stability of Ferromagnetic Fluid Heated from below in the Presence of a Magnetic Field Saturating Porous Media

Abstract Views :162  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Anukampa Thakur ¹, Abhishek Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN

Source

International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 239-247

Abstract

In this study, the effect of Hall currents on the onset of stability of saturating porous media an electrically conducting ferromagnetic fluid heated from below using linear stability analysis is investigated. Using the Darcy law to modify the ferromagnetic fluid the momentum equations for a porous medium. The employed model incorporates the effects of polarization force and body couple. The coupled partial differential equations governing the physical problem are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations using normal mode technique. These equations are solved analytically for stress-free boundaries and numerical results are computed by obtaining approximate solutions using Galerkin method using the software Mathematica for the case of stationary convection. It is found that the magnetic field and magnetization have a stabilizing effect as such their effect is to postpone the onset of thermal instability; whereas Hall currents are found to hasten the same. The medium permeability prepones the onset of convection under certain conditions implying thereby the destabilizing effect.

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• Magneto-Thermosolutal Instability in Viscoelastic Nanofluid Layer

Abstract Views :153  |  PDF Views:2

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Abhilasha ², Urvashi Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 SDWG Govt. College, Beetan, Distt. Una (H.P.), IN
3 Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engneering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IN

Source

International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 258-264

Abstract

Thermosolutal convection in an infinitely, extending layer of viscoelastic nanofluids in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field with Soret and Dufour effect is investigated. The rheology of nanofluids is described by Maxwell's model. The coupled partial differential equations with the stress free boundaries are solved using the normal mode technique and linear theory. The first approximation of Galerkin procedure is used to obtain the numerical solution of the set of ordinary differential equation by using the software MATHEMATICA. The effects of the various parameters are shown graphically on both the stationary and oscillatory motions.

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• Effect of Surface Tension on the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability of Superposed Viscous Fluids in Hydromagnetics Saturating Porous Medium

Abstract Views :222  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹, Sudrshna Sharma ², Abhishek Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla -171 005, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Government Collage, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur, IN
3 Bahra University Waknaghat Solan, IN

Source

International Journal of Technology, Vol 4, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 1-6

Abstract

This paper deals with the instability of viscous superposed, fluids saturating porous medium in the presence of horizontal magnetic field and to include the effect of surface tension. Using linear theory and normal mode technique the dispersion relation so obtained is analyzed mathematically for the stable configuration. The effects of medium porosity, surface tension and magnetic field, on the growth rate (imaginary) of the most unstable mode have been investigated numerically. The square of the Alfven velocity accounting for magnetic field and surface tension have stabilizing effect on the system and medium porosity has destabilizing effect on the system. All these numerical results have been depicted graphically. The results show that the magnetic field and surface tension bring about more stability for a certain wave number band on the growth rate of unstable configuration.

Keywords

Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, Horizontal Magnetic Field, Surface Tension, Porous Medium.

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• Thermal Convection of Micropolar Fluid in the Presence of Suspended Particles and Rotation Saturating a Porous Medium

Abstract Views :156  |  PDF Views:3

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Sumit Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171 005, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Govt. Degree College Diggal Distt. Solan-173 218, IN

Source

Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 62-70

Abstract

A study has been made of the convection of micropolar fluids heated from below in the presence of suspended particles (fine dust) and uniform vertical rotation Ω(0, 0, Ω) in a porous medium. The effect of Coriolis forces on the stability is chosen along the direction of the gravitational field. It is found that the presence of coupling between thermal and micropolar effects, rotation parameter, medium permeability and suspended particles may introduce overstability in the system. Using the Boussinesq approximation, the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the exact solutions are obtained for the case of two free boundaries. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters accounting for rotation Ω(0, 0, Ω) medium permeability, dynamic microrotation viscosity K and coefficient of angular viscosity γ' to depict the stability characteristics, for both the cases of stationary convection and overstability. It is found that Rayleigh number for the case of overstability and stationary convection increases with increase in rotation parametre and decreases with increase in micropolar coefficients and medium permeability, for a fixed wave number, showing thereby the stabilizing effect of rotation parametre , destabilizing effect of micropolar coefficients and medium permeability on the thermal convection of micropolar fluids.

Keywords

Micropolar Fluid, Rotation, Suspended Particles (Fine Dust), Medium Permeability, Microrotation, Coefficient of Angular Viscosity.

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• Hall Effect on Magneto-Thermal Stability of Rivlin-Ericksen Ferromagnetic Fluid Saturating a Porous Medium

Abstract Views :149  |  PDF Views:3

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Kavita ², Sumit Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Govt. Degree College Diggal, Distt. Solan (H.P), IN

Source

Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 160-166

Abstract

This paper deals with the electrically conducting and numerical investigation of the effect of Hall currents on the thermal stability of a ferromagnetic viscoelastic fluid heated from below saturating porous medium. The rheology of the fluid in described by the Rivlin-Ericksenian. The boundaries are considered to be stress-free. The eigen-value problem obtained using linear stability theory and normal mode technique is solved numerically using the Galerkin technique and the software MATHEMATICA by assuming the trial functions satisfying the boundary conditions. A dispersion relation governing the effects of medium permeability, a uniform horizontal magnetic field, magnetization and Hall currents is derived. For the case of stationary convection, it is found that the magnetic field and magnetization have a stabilizing effect on the system, as such their effect is to postpone the onset of thermal instability, whereas the Hall currents are found to hasten the onset of convection under certain conditions.

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• Numerical Investigations of Electro-Thermal Convection in Dielectric Nanofluid Layer

Abstract Views :153  |  PDF Views:3

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Ashwini Kumar ¹, Abhilasha ², Abhishek Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 SDWG Govt. College Beetan, Distt. Una (H.P), IN
3 Govt. College Beetan, Distt. Una (H.P), IN

Source

Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 184-188

Abstract

The numerical investigations of a dielectric nanofluid under the simultaneous action of an Alternating Current electric field and a uniform adverse temperature gradient has been studied using the linear theory and normal mode analysis. The eigen-value problem is solved analytically and numerically using the Galerkin technique. Effect of various non-dimensional parameters on thermal Rayleigh number R_a for the stationary convection has been determined. The boundaries are considered to be stress-free. Thermal Rayleigh number has been computed for various values of electric Rayleigh number for the onset of instability using the software-MATHEMATICA Version 5.2. Numerical results are presented graphically. The thermal Rayleigh number decreases linearly as the concentration Rayleigh number R_n increases. Moreover for stability motion, the value of thermal Rayleigh number R_a occurs only for negative values of R_ea and it is positive. The value of critical thermal Rayleigh number R_a decreases with decreasing the value of R_ea. It is observed that the role of electric field is not of much sinificance the convection in the fluid layer in case of stability motions. In case of stability, the thermal Rayleigh number is independent of Prandtl number and hence Prandtl number has no role to play.

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• Stability of Stratified Viscoelastic Walters' (Model B′) Fluid/Plasma in the Presence of Quantum Pressure

Abstract Views :145  |  PDF Views:3

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Renu Kumari ¹, Sumit Gupta ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, IN

Source

Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 201-206

Abstract

Quantum effects on the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in an inhomogeneous stratified incompressible, viscoelastic Walters' (model B') fluid/plasma are investigated. The linear growth rate is derived for the case where a plasma with exponential density, viscosity, viscoelasticity and quantum parameter distribution is confined between two rigid planes at z=0, z=d. The solution of the linearized equations of the system together with the boundary conditions leads to derive the dispersion relation (the relation between the normalized growth rate and square normalized behavior wave number) using normal mode technique to explain the roles that play the variables of the problem. The behavior of growth rates with respect to the quantum effect and kinematic viscoelasticity are examined in the presence of kinematic viscosity.

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• Numerical Investigations of Electro-Thermal Convection in a Maxwellian Fluid Layersatuarating a Porous Media

Abstract Views :129  |  PDF Views:3

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Sumna Devi ¹, Anukampa ¹, Monika Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 ABVGIET, Pragatinagar, Shimla (H.P), IN

Source

Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 212-216

Abstract

The numerical investigations of a viscoelastic fluid layer to include the effect of AC electric field on the onset of instability heated from below saturating a porous media for the free-free boundaries has been studied. The theology of the fluid is described by the Maxwell model. In the Stationary convection it is observed that Maxwellian fluid acts like ordinary fluid, since the viscoelasticity parameter vanishes with the vanishing of the growth rate. The eigen-value problem obtained using linear stability theory and normal mode technique is solved numerically using the software MATHEMATICA by assuming the trial functions satisfying the boundary conditions. For the case of stationary convection electric Rayleigh number and Darcy number both have destabilizing effect on the stability of the system. Also for the over stability, the stress-relaxationtime parameter has destabilising effect on the stability of the system.

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• Species Diversity of White Grubs (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) in the Sub-Himalayan and Northern Plains of India

Abstract Views :332  |  PDF Views:89

Authors

K. Sreedevi ¹, Sakshi Tyagi ¹, Veena Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304 022, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 02 (2017), Pagination: 322-329

Abstract

White grubs belonging to subfamilies Melolonthinae and Rutelinae of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) are ubiquitous pests. Studies during 2013 and 2014 document the species diversity of white grubs in the sub- Himalayan and northern plains of India. Surveys conducted in four states, viz. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan revealed high species diversity representing 65 species under 16 genera. The species richness, evenness and composition varied among the states. Higher species diversity was recorded in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh of the sub-Himalayan region when compared to Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan of the northern plains. The species abundance distribution followed log normal distribution in all places except Uttarakhand, where the curve skewed to the left due to overweight of species with low abundance. The species dominance and abundance patterns in different regions are presented. The new distributional records, Anomala pictipes Arrow and Popillia macclellandi Hope from Uttarakhand, Anomala propinqua Arrow and Popillia marginicollis Hope from Himachal Pradesh and Anomala stenodera Arrow from Uttar Pradesh are provided.

Keywords

Abundance Models, Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Species Diversity, White Grub.

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• "We Are Flesh and Blood! ":WomQn Elucidating their' Self

Abstract Views :265  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of English and Communication Skills, Govt. Polytechnic College, Kullu, HP, IN

Source

International Journal of Literary Studies, Vol 6, No 3-4 (2016), Pagination: 100-104

Abstract

Gender discrimination and women's exploitation have been serious issues in Australian society that is largely patriarchal. Men in this country see their manhood as the chief source of pride and identity and women are dismissed to marginal positions. Like other prolific playwrights, Louis Nowra, an Irish-Australian playwright in his plays exposes how gender is culturally constituted in favour of men and how women suffer due to cultural manipulation of gender roles. The image of the female protagonists in his plays subverts the stereotypes of the woman as a helpless, clinging creature who needs to be protected by a powerful man. They are rather portrayed as headstrong and outgoing fighters and survivors giving message to women of the world.

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• Isolation and Structural Elucidation of an Isothiocyanate Compound from Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Extract

Abstract Views :217  |  PDF Views:72

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Rashmi Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Niwai 304 022, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 05 (2017), Pagination: 941-946

Abstract

Indigofera tinctoria is a well-known medicinal plant that possesses several therapeutic activities. Isothiocyanate derivative from hydroethanolic extract of Indigoferatinctoria (HEIT) was isolated by means of chromatographic techniques, i.e. adsorption chromatography,thin layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Structural characterization of isolated compound was done using various spectroscopic techniques (liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometry,1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy) and the possible structure was identified as 1-[1,2-Diisothiocyanato-2-(3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propylsulphanyl)-ethoxy]-3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propane (C₁₆H₂₂N₄OS₅;m/z 446.70; ITC-1). Maximum yield of ITC-1 was obtained as 22 mg/5 g HEIT with 97% purity.

Keywords

Column Chromatography, HPLC, Indigofera tinctoria, Isothiocynate Compounds, LC–MS.

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• Ameliorative Effects of Operculina turpethum and its Isolated Stigma‑5,22dien‑3-o-b-D-glucopyranoside on the Hematological Parameters of Male Mice Exposed to N‑Nitrosodimethylamine, a Potent Carcinogen

Abstract Views :180  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Veena Sharma , Manu Singh

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 21, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 29-36

Abstract

Objectives: Enormous propensity of plants to synthesize a variety of structurally diverse bioactive compounds, has made the plant kingdom a potential source of chemical constituents with various therapeutic values, including antitumor and cytotoxic activities. Blood is a good indicator to determine the physiological and pathological status of man and animal. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of Operculina turpethum ischolar_main extract and its isolated glycoside treatment on the hematological parameters in the mice with N‑Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) induced cancer. Materials and Methods: The body weights of the animals were recorded before and after the experiment. Non‑coagulated blood was tested for total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, differential leukocyte count (DLC) and for other blood indices. Results: A significant (P < 0.01), (P < 0.001) recovery of the red blood cell and white blood cell counts, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content in the host after 21 day treatment was shown. Conclusion: These results show that the extract of Operculina turpethum is relatively safe following oral administration and have possible stimulatory effect on red blood cell production and there was dose dependent therapeutic effect.

Keywords

Blood, haematology, N‑Nitrosodimethylamine, Operculina turpethum

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• Protective Assessment of Euphorbia neriifolia and its Isolated Flavonoid Against N‑nitrosodiethylamine‑induced Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Male Mice: A Histopathological Analysis

Abstract Views :157  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Veena Sharma , Pracheta Janmeda

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 21, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 37-43

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of N‑nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), a potent environment carcinogen on liver tissue of mice which was attenuated by isolated flavonoid and hydro‑ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia (HEEN) leaves. Materials and Methods: Carcinogenicity was induced in albino mice by a single oral administration of DENA (50 mg/kg body weight). The HEEN (150 and 400 mg/kg body weight), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.5 and 1%) and E. neriifolia flavonoid (ENF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were estimated to examine the possible anti‑cancer potential. Results: DENA exposed animals showed alterations in normal hepatic histo‑architecture, which comprised of necrosis (N), dilated sinusoids and vacuolization of the cells. Mice treated with E. neriifolia lower (ENL) and higher (ENH) dose and ENF before intoxicated with DENA showed that the liver cells were normal, with very little necrosis (Day 31). On the other hand, BHA higher (BHAH) and lower (BHAL) dose failed to diminish the abnormalities caused by the DENA. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggests that the ENH and ENF protects the hepatic tissue against DENA‑induced hepatic carcinoma. The results could also be expressed in the order of ENH> ENF> ENL> BHAH> BHAL.

Keywords

Euphorbia neriifolia, flavonoid, liver, necrosis, N‑nitrosodiethylamine

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• Chemopreventive Role of Euphorbia neriifolia (Linn) and its Isolated Flavonoid Against N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced Renal Histopathological Damage in Male Mice

Abstract Views :164  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Veena Sharma , Pracheta Janmeda

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 20, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 101-107

Abstract

Aims: This study is an attempt to evaluate the tissue protective efficacy of isolated flavonoid and hydro‑ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia (HEEN) leaves against N‑nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) induced renal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Carcinogenicity was induced in Albino mice by oral administration of DENA (50 mg/kg body weight). The HEEN (150 and 400 mg/kg body weight), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.5 and 1%), and Euphorbia neriifolia flavonoid (ENF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were evaluated for their possible tissue carcinogenesis protective potential. Results: DENA treated animals showed alterations in normal renal histo‑architecture, which comprised of necrosis (N) and vacuolization of the cells. On the other hand, the mice treated with Euphorbia neriifolia lower (ENL) and higher (ENH) dose and ENF before intoxicated with DENA showed that the renal cells were normal (Day 31). Whereas, BHA higher (BHAH) and lower (BHAL) dose failed to diminish the abnormalities caused by DENA. Conclusions: The findings of the present study Suggested that ENH and ENF showed highest renal-protective activity among all the pretreatments. The results could also be expressed in the order of ENH > ENF > ENL > BHAH > BHAL.

Keywords

Euphorbia neriifolia, flavonoid, kidney, necrosis, N‑nitrosodiethylamine

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• Ameliorative Effects of Tinospora Cordifolia Root Extract on Histopathological and Biochemical Changes Induced by Aflatoxin-B₁ in Mice Kidney

Abstract Views :168  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Rekha Gupta ¹, Veena Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 18, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 94-98

Abstract

The present study was planned to investigate the ability of the Tinospora cordifolia to scavenge free radicals generated during aflatoxicosis. A total no. of 48 male Swiss albino mice (30 ± 5 g) were exposed to Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) (2 μg/30 g b.wt, orally) either individually or in combination with T. cordifolia (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, orally) once daily for 25 days. AFB₁ exposure led to significant rise in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and fall in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid, and protein content. T. cordifolia was found to show protective effect by lowering down the content of TBARS and enhancing the GSH, ascorbic acid, protein, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, GST, and GR in kidney. Histopathological analysis of kidney samples also confirmed the protective values and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of herb. T. cordifolia showed protection against aflatoxin-induced nephrotoxicity due to the presence of alkaloids such as a choline, tinosporin, isocolumbin, palmatine, tetrahydropalmatine, and magnoflorine.

Keywords

Aflatoxin, antioxidant, mice, oxidative stress, Tinospora cordifolia

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• Anti-hepatotoxic Potential of Indigofera tinctoria and its isolated Isothiocyanate compound ‘ITC-1’ against NPYR-CCl₄ Intoxicated Mice

Abstract Views :271  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Rashmi Singh ¹, Veena Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Alpine Group of Management and Technology, Dehradun – 248001, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali – 304022, Rajasthan, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 26, No 1&2 (2019), Pagination: 30-36

Abstract

Isothiocyanate derivative from hydroethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria (HEIT) was previously isolated, purified and characterized as 1-[1,2-Diisothiocyanato-2-(3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propylsulfanyl)-ethoxy]-3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propane (C₁₆H₂₂N₄OS₅; m/z 446.70; ITC-1). To elucidate hepatoprotective efficacy, liver toxicity was induced in mice via intoxication of N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) followed by CCl₄ for 50 days. Both low and high doses of crude HEIT were given orally to NPYR treated mice for 21 days. Silymarin was also administered to compare the results. After completion of post treatment, various hepatic toxicity markers were evaluated. Results showed that both doses of HEIT and ITC-1 have successfully normalized the levels of AST, ALT (P<0.001 v/s NPYR treated group), ALP and bilirubin (P<0.01). ITC-1 has showed better remedial response against liver toxicity in comparison to Silymarin. Thus, we concluded that both I. tinctoria and ‘ITC-1’ have future remedial aspect in diminution of hepatic toxicity.

Keywords

AST, Bilirubin, Hepatic Toxicity, Indigofera tinctoria, Isothiocyanate Compounds, Silymarin.

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References

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• Immunomodulating Effects of Allium sativum in Renal Tissue of LPS Challenged Mice

Abstract Views :234  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Kanchan Sharma ¹, Veena Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali Road - 304022, Rajasthan, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 26, No 3&4 (2019), Pagination: 80–88

Abstract

Allium sativum contain various medicinal properties like immunomodulatory, antitumorigenetic, antiatherosclerotic and antimicrobial. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of hydroethanol extract of Allium sativum on cytokine production in LPS challenged mice. LPS significantly induced the activation of NF-kB and also increased the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-Y, PGE2 with the suppression of IL-10 production. In the results we found that Allium sativum significantly attenuated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-ĸB and normalized the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-Y, PGE-2 and IL-10. In summary, it was deduced that garlic may promote an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of NF-kB activity in the tissue.

Keywords

Allium sativum, Anti-inflammatory, Cytokines, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NF-kB.

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References

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• Isolation, Characterization and Elucidation of Invigorative Potential of Flavonoid from Stem-bark of Prosopis Cineraria on Lps-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cascade in Swiss Albino Male Mice

Abstract Views :86  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Veena Sharma ¹, Preeti Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali – 304022, Rajasthan, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 27, No 3&4 (2020), Pagination: 136-148

Abstract

The present research aimed to elucidate the structure and characterize the isolated compound from stem-bark of Prosopis cineraria and unravel its potential against LPS-induced toxicity in mouse model. The spectral techniques were done for characterization and structure elucidation of the isolated compound (HPLC, NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS. The experimental mice were intoxicated (intra-peritoneal) with LPS (2 mg/kg body weight) and further treated with isolated compound from Prosopis cineraria (15 mg/kg body weight). Dexamethasone was used as a standard (10 mg/kg body weight). The oxidative stress parameters (LPO, CAT, SOD, GSH, GST and GPx) and biochemical activities (AST, ALT, ACP and ALP) were studied. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α; Prostaglandins E2; IL-6; NF-κBp65; IFN-γ and IL-10) were determined in liver homogenate. Nitric Oxide (NO) produced due to LPS-intoxication was determined by using Griess reagent. The results of the spectral analysis were used to elucidate the structure of the isolated flavonoid. The isolated flavonoid suppressed the over-expression and altered levels of oxidative parameters and cytokines due to LPS intoxication and restored the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, NO, IL-6, IFN- , Prostaglandin E2 and IL-10. The research investigation unfolded the alleviating potential of the isolated compound against LPS-induced adverse effects by modulating the expression of cytokines and combating oxidative stress.

Keywords

Anti-inflammatory, Cytokines, Flavonoids, Oxidative Stress, Prosopis cineraria, ROS

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• Validating the Antimicrobial Potentiality of Peptides from Pods of Acacia nilotica Willd.ex Delile: A Spotlight on Bacterial Fauna

Abstract Views :70  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Richa Shukla ¹, Veena Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk - 304022, Rajasthan, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 30, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 111-119

Abstract

Contagious infections cause over 17 million human deaths in a year among which diseases caused by bacteria are the most prominent ones. Additionally, in the last few years, the haphazard usage of antibiotics has provoked the condition of multifarious defiance in the bacterial strains against these chemical drugs thus contributing to an upsurge towards severe economic and communal welfare-related uncertainties. Thus, to annihilate such situations there is a compelling demand to explore novel substitutes to overcome these concerns. Hence, such problematic situations bring up the limelight towards plant-derived proteins/peptides possessing antimicrobial activity which prove to be excellent alternatives against bacterial pathogens causing serious maladies in humans. Therefore, in this context the current study investigated the antibacterial potential of the Ethanol, Methanol and Chloroform peptides/protein isolate obtained from pods of Acacia nilotica by Disc-Diffusion Assay and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) against E. coli and B. subtilis bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity of all three solvent peptide isolates was found to be exhibiting antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 100μg/ml against B. subtilis with Disc-Diffusion as well as MIC with Chloroform isolate displaying the highest activity against gram-positive Bacillus species. Therefore, such plant-derived antibacterial proteins/peptides in the future can be used as a therapeutic drug to combat various severe bacterial maladies thus providing a better alternative than antibiotics both in terms of safety against unwanted secondary effects as well as will also help in bringing down the graphs of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) posing a serious threat to the human health. As a result, the study concludes that peptide isolates obtained from Acacia nilotica pods are effective against gram-positive Bacillus species, making them an important antibacterial compound.

Keywords

Acacia nilotica, Antimicrobial Resistance, Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides.

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