Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Uthaya ¹, Vaikumdam Kannabirran ², Subramanian Madhu , Senguttuvan Sivan Mozhi ³, P. Vidhya Priya ³

Affiliations
1 Prist University, Department of Biotechnology, Puducherry Campus, Puducherry. Surya School of Pharmacy, Vikravandi, Villupuram, Tamilnadu
2 Kamalaktchi Pandurangan College of Pharmacy, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Prist University, Department of Biotechnology, Puducherry Campus, Puducherry. Surya School of Pharmacy, Vikravandi, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Dengue fever also known as break bone fever, is a self limited, systematic viral infection transmitted between humans by mosquitoes. It leads to a public health challenge with an economic saddle. Its symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs. Dengue fever is a serious threat to global health issues. Approximately 100 countries are endemic for dengue fever and 40% of the world's population or about 2.5 billion people in the tropical and sub-tropics have an increased risk of catching the disease. So, to the core of the review we are ought to discuss about a wide topics towards the symptoms, Mechanism of the virus in the host, penetration towards our body, Characteristic antibody responses, life cycle, various phases involved in the cycle, efficient vector control strategies, pathogenesis, Diagnosis, ongoing therapies, and its management and prevention. In addition, we ought to suggest at conclusion that would be a better way to research in this type of disease with reviews.

Keywords

Break Bone Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Dengue Shock Syndrome, Flavivirus Vectors

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Senguttuvan Sivan Mozhi ¹, Vaikumdam Kannabirran ², Subramanian Madhu ³, R. Uthaya ¹

Affiliations
1 Prist University, Department of Biotechnology, Puducherry Campus, Puducherry, IN
2 Surya School of Pharmacy, Vikravandi, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Kamalaktchi pandurangan College of Pharmacy, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Plague is often fatal with out prompt and appropriate treatment. It affects mainly poor and remote populations. Late diagnosis is one of the major causes of human death and spread of the disease, since it limits the effectiveness of control measures. There are currently no approved vaccines for protection against this organism. The current U.S. Department of Defense candidate plague vaccine is a fusion between two Yersinia pestis. Also the protein recombinant models by which the proteins significantly augmented the IgG antibody response to the plague vaccine increased the probability of survival in murine models of plague. However, the attenuated plague vaccine still caused a high rate of severe local and systemic reactions in humans. Now, Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for infectious diseases are of much value in facilitation of major improvements in disease management, especially in developing countries. The integration of the recombinant DNA into the nuclear genome of the plant cell is the most widely used strategy for production of plant-made Vaccine. Plant-made vaccine antigens can be delivered to a mucosal surface. Mucosal surfaces lining the digestive tract, respiratory tract and genitourinary tract are the most important portals of entry for mammalian pathogens. Thus, focus on plant-made vaccine against Y.pestis would lead us for approved vaccine development and plague management.

Keywords

Plague, Yersinia pestis, Epidemiology, Bio-terrorism, Vaccine.

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