A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Vijayanath, V
- Socioeconomic Status and Oral Health Inequity in Karnataka
Authors
1 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 120-124Abstract
Various studies conducted across the world have reported that people belonging to lower socioeconomic groups compared to higher socioeconomic groups have poorer oral health status. Studies conducted in India conversely are inconclusive and provide conflicting evidence. Most of the studies on oral health inequalities in India have stressed socioeconomic status (SES) as an important determinant of oral health. Inequalities in socioeconomic status underlie many health disparities in the world, including oral health. Occupational status, income and education are intrinsically related. In general, the population groups those suffer the worst oral health status are also those that have the highest poverty rates and the lowest education.
Higher income enable people to afford better housing and permit increased access to medical care. In the same time, a high level of education increases the opportunity to engage in oral health-promoting behaviors. On the other hand, differences in income and employment of parents generate inequalities in oral health status of children. All studies conducted in this field confirm the link between socioeconomic status and oral health, which justifies the struggle to identify the factors involved in generating and maintaining inequalities in both general and oral health.
Keywords
Socioeconomic Status, Income, Education Level, Oral Health, Inequalities
References
- Wilkinson R, Marmot M: Social determinants of health. The solid facts. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 2003.
- Daly B, Watt R, Batchelor P, Treasure E: Essential dental public health.Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Parkash H, Duggal R, Mathur V P.Final report and recommendations “Formulation of Guidelines for Meaningful and Effective Utilization of Available Manpower at Dental Colleges for Primary Prevention of Oro-dental Problems in the Country”.A GOI- WHO Collaborative Programme.2007.New Delhi
- AIHW Dental Statistics and Research Unit (2006) Social Impact of Oral Conditions Among Australian Adults, Research. Report No. 24, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide.
- National Advisory Committee on Oral Health (2004) Healthy Mouths Healthy Lives: Australia’s National Oral Health Plan 2004-2013, A Committee Established by the Australian Health Ministers’ Conference, p. 27
- Spencer AJ (2004) Narrowing the Inequality Gap in Oral Health and Dental Care in Australia, Australian Health PolicyInstitute, The University of Sydney, p. 11.
- Sanders A, Spencer AJ (2004) ‘Social inequality in perceived oral health among adults in Australia’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Vol. 28, No. 2: 159-166.
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (2003) Social Impact of Oral Conditions Among Australian Adults, AIHW Dental Statistics and Research Unit, Report No. 24, The University of Adelaide
- Carter KD, Stewart JF (2002) cited in Spencer AJ, Harford J (no date) Submission to the Senate Select Committee on Medicare, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health,The University of Adelaide, accessed from http:// www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/ medicare_ctte/fairer_medicare/submissions on 31 July 2006.
- Sanders AE, Spencer AJ, Slade GD (2006) ‘Evaluating the role of dental behavior in oral health inequalities’, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, Vol. 34: 71-79.
- Petersen PE: The world health report 2003. WHO, Geneva, 2003.
- Kunst A, Mackenbach J: Measuring socioeconomic inequalities in health.WHO, Regional office for Europe, Copenhagen, 1997.
- Gluck G M, Morgenstein W M: Jong’s community dental health. Mosby, 2003.
- World Health Organization: Target for health for all. The health policy for Europe. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1992.
- Dahlgren G, Whitehead M: Policies and strategies to promote equity in health. WHO, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 1992.
- Locker D, Ford J: Evaluation of an area-based measure as an indicator of inequalities in oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994, 22: 80-85.
- World Health Organization: Atlas of health in Europe. WHO library cataloguing in publication data, 2003.
- World Health Organization: European health for all data base. WHO, Geneva, 2004.
- Whitehead M: The concepts and principles of equity in health. WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2000.
- World Health Organization: World health report. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 2002.
- Locker D: Deprivation and oral health: a review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000, 28: 161- 9.
- Locker D: Measuring social inequality in dental health services research: individual, household and area-based measures. Community Dental Health 1993, 10: 139-150.
- Healthy people 2010. US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000.
- Locker D, Ford J: Using area-based measures of socioeconomic status in dental health services research. J Public Health Dent. 1996, 56: 69-75.
- Whittle J, Whittle K: Household income in relation to dental health and dental health behaviours: the use of Super Profiles. Community Dent Health. 1998, 15: 150-154.
- World Health Organization: World health report 2003. Shaping the future. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 2003.
- Gratrix D, Holloway P: Factors of deprivation associated with dental caries in young children. Community Dent Health. 1994, 11: 66-70.
- Tickle M et al.: Inequalities in the dental treatment provided to children: an example from the UK. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002, 30: 335- 341.
- Shobha Tandon.Challenges to the Oral Health Workforce in India Journal of Dental Education,Volume 68, Number 7 Supplement;July 2004, 28-33
- National Sample Survey Organization. Department of Statistics. GOI. 42nd and 52nd Round.
- Mudur G. Inadequate regulations undermine India s healthcare. BMJ 2004;328,124.
- Ahluwalia MS. Economic performance of states in post-reforms period. Economic and Political weekly, May 6 2000, 1648.
- Parkash H, Duggal R, Mathur V P.Final report and recommendations “Formulation of Guidelines for Meaningful and Effective Utilization of Available Manpower at Dental Colleges for Primary Prevention of Oro-dental Problems in the Country”.A GOI- WHO Collaborative Programme.2007.New Delhi
- Pine C et al.: Developing explanatory models of health inequalities in childhood dental caries. Community dental health 21 (Supplement) 2004, 86-95.
- Study of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Urban Slum Population of Davangere-a Cross Sectional Study
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Forensic Medicine, VMKV Medical College, Salem, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Community Medicine, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Pathology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 20-24Abstract
Background: Unmet need for family planning is the gap between women's reproductive intensions and their contraceptive behavior. Good fraction of married women in the reproductive age group would prefer to avoid pregnancy but are not using any form of family planning because of various reasons.
Objectives:
1. To find out the magnitude of unmet need for family planning.
2. To find out the determinants of unmet need for the family planning.
Materials & Method: This is a community based cross sectional study among married women of reproductive age group residing in slums of urban field practice area of SSIMSRC, Davangere, Karnataka, India. Personal interview method with house to house visit was adopted.
Results: Unmet need for family planning was 107(16%), unmet need for spacing was 55(51%) and that for limiting was 52(49%). Mean age of mothers was 31.63±7.2. There was significant association between prevalence of unmet need and literacy, number of children and knowledge of contraceptives. There was no significant association between age, religion, type of family etc. Commonest contraceptive method used was tubectomy, the most common source of information about contraceptives was health workers. Commonest reason for unmet need was found to be lack of knowledge.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of unmet need for contraception calls for health education campaigns regarding availability, sources and side effects of contraceptives especially in under-privileged areas like urban slums.
Keywords
Unmet Need, Spacing, Limiting, ContraceptionReferences
- Park.K, Text book of “Preventive and Social Medicine” 19th ed Banarasidas Bhanot , Jabalpur. Feb 2011, pp 473.
- National Family Health Survey III, http:// www.mhfw.com retrieved on 15-10-2011.
- http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-provresults/ data_files/india/table 1.pdf retrieved on 15-10-2011.
- Supriya Sathish Patil, MP Durgawale, SR Patil: Epidemiological correlates of unmet need for contraception in urban slum population: Al Ameen J Med.Sci (2010)3(4):312-316.
- Indu D: Unmet needs for family planning in urban slums of Trivandrum corporation area- A cross sectional study; Calicut Medical Journal (2011); 9(2):e5
- Puri A, Garg S, Mehra M. Assessment of unmet for contraception in an urban slum of Delhi. Indian J Commun Med 2004; 29(1): 139-140
- Ram R, Ghosh MN, Bhattacharya S, Haldar A et al. Study of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age group attending immunization clinic in a Medical College of Calcutta. Indian J Commun Med 2000;25:22-25.
- Harbison S. Unmet need for family planning; challenges for the future. Perspectives on fertility and family planning in Egypt. National Population Council, 1995:81-101.
- Devi DR, Rastogi SR, Retherford RD. Unmet Need for Family Planning in Uttar Pradesh. National Family Health Survey Subject Reports No. 1, 1996; 2: 25.
- S Choudhary, N Saluja, S Sharma, DR Gaur, SM Pande : A Study on The Extent and Reasons of Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Rural Area of Haryana. The journal of Health. Retrieved on 15 Oct 2011.
- Srivastava DhirajKumar, Goutham Pramod, Gautam Goli, Gaur Neeraj, Bansal Manoj: a study to assess the unmet needs of family planning in Gwalior district and to study the factors that helps in determining it; National Journal of Community Medicine 2011, Vol-2, Issue-1. pp 28-31.
- Dwivedi SN, Sundaram KR. Epidemiological models and related simulation results for understanding of contraceptive adoption in India. Int J Epidemiol. 2000 ;29:300-7.
- Study of Newborn Care Practices in Urban Slums of Bangalore, India
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, SSIMS&RC, Davangere, Karnataka,, IN
2 Department of Forensic Medicine VMKV Medical College, Salem, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Community Medicine, BMCRI, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Community Medicine, MVJ Medical College, Bangalore, IN
5 Department of Community Medicine, DRBRAMC, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 49-53Abstract
Background: Despite significant reduction in under five mortality, neonatal mortality continues to be high in India. Among various reasons, newborn care practices are major contributors for such high rates.
Objectives:
a. To study the newborn care practices
b. To study the factors influencing newborn care practices.
Materials & Method: A community based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the slums of urban field practice area of Dr B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore.
Results: Totally 220 mothers were interviewed at their home within 15 days of the delivery, the results of the study showed that 92% were institutional deliveries remaining 8% were home deliveries. Many harmful practices were commonly noticed in home deliveries. Delayed initiation of breast feeding, discarding colostrum and giving prelacteal feeds were seen in both hospital and home deliveries. This study emphasizes on urgent need to re-orient health care providers, to educate mothers on clean delivery practices and early neonatal care.
Keywords
Home Deliveries, Newborn Care, Breast Feeding, SlumsReferences
- Park.K, Text book of “Preventive and Social Medicin=19th ed Banarasidas Bhanot , Jabalpur. Feb 2011, pp 481
- Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, et al. (2010) Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375: 1969–1987.
- David Osrin, Kirti M Tumbahangphe, Dej Shrestha, Natasha Mesko, Bhim P Shrestha, Madan K Manandhar, Dharma S Manandhar. “ Cross sectional, community based study of care of newborn infants in Nepal “ BMJ 2002;325:1063.
- World Health Organization. Essential newborn care: A report of a technical working group. Geneva; 1996
- Saving newborn lives. State of the World’s newborns. Washington DC: Save the Children Federation-US; 2001.
- Marsh D, Darmastadt G, Moore J, Daly P, Oot D, Tinker A. Advancing newborn health and survival in developing countries: a conceptual frame work. J Perinatol 2002; 22: pp 572-576.
- Darmastadt G, Bhutta ZA, Cousens S, Adam T, Walker N, de Bernis L. Evidence-based, cost effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet 2005; 365(9463): pp 977-988
- Bhutta ZA, Darmastadt G, Hasan B, Haws R. Community Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence. Pediatrics 2005; 115, pp 519-617.
- Salli Arvind. “Programmes and priorities in newborn care in India” Journal of Neonatalogy. 2007;21(1) pp 0971-0979
- Manju Rahi., DK Taneja., Amrita Misra ., NB Mathur ,Suresh Badhan “Newborn care practices in an urban slum of Delhi” Indian Journal Of Medical Sciences; 2006;60( 12 ): pp 506-513.
- K Madhu., Sriram Chowdary., Ramesh Masthi,” Breast feeding practices and newborn care in rural areas: A descriptive cross-sectional study” Indian J of Cmmunity medicine; 2009; 34(3 ) : pp 243-246.
- S. Puri, V. Bhatia, M. Sharma, H. M. Swami & C. Magnat: Comparison Of Prevalent Newborn Rearing Practices, In Urban And Slum Population Of Chandigarh, Ut, India . The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology. 2008 Volume 9 Number 1 http://www.ispub.com/books.html accessed on 3march2009
- Khan, et al, “Improving perinatal care in urban slums”. Indian Journal of Community Medicine ; April 2009;34(2):102-107)
- Sohely Yasmin., David Osrin., Elizabeth Paul., & Anthony Costello. “Neonatal mortality of lowbirth- weight infants in Bangladesh “ Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79 (7))
- National Family Health Survey III, http:// www.mhfw.com retrieved on 15.05.2009.
- Bergstrom A, Bvaruhanga R, Okong P. The impact of newborn bathing on the prevalence of hypothermia in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Paediatr 2005;94:1462-7
- Mohammad Husain Khan., Fazal-ur-Rahman Khan., Nargis Noman., Ghazala Hashmi et al “Essential newborn care practice in hospital versus home deliveries” Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences Jan–June, 2006; 4(1):pp 7-9.
- Li L, Thi Phuong L, Hoa NT, Ushijima H. Prevelance of Breast feeding and its correlates in HO Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Pediatr Int 2002; 44:47-54.
- Singh MB, Haldiya KR Laxminarayana J. Infant feeding and weaning practice in some semi-arid rural areas of Rajasthan. J of Indian Med Assoc 1997; 95:576-8,590.
- Deshpande SG, Zodpey SP, Vasudeo ND. Infant feeding practices in a tribal community of Meghlat region in Maharashtra state. Indian J Med Sci 1996; 22:60-4.
- Srivastava SP, Sharma VK, Kumar V, Breast feeding practices in villages of central Karnataka. Indian Pediatr 1994;31:1079-82.
- A Study to Assess the Morbidity Pattern among School Going Children of Gulbarga City
Authors
1 Dept of Community Medicine, M R Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka, IN
3 Dept of Community Medicine, M R Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 108-111Abstract
Health of a child is a growing concern all over with rapid economic growth and social changes both in developed and developing parts of the world. School children form an important vulnerable segment of population and constitute about 20% of total population of India. Majority of the health problems affecting school children are preventable by promotion of hygienic practices.
Objective: To assess the morbidity pattern among school children and to assess the status of personal hygiene among school children.
Study design: Cross sectional study.
Material Method: The study was carried out in higher primary schools of Gulbarga city.
Results: Out of 935 school children under study 51.23% were boys and 48.77% were girls. 663 children were suffering from various ailments. 22.35% children had specific deficiency diseases 166 children suffered from common illnesses. ARI was the most common illness and Helminthic infestation was observed in 15% children 91.44% school children had good personal hygiene.
Keywords
Ailments, Helminthic infestations, Respiratory Infections, Personal HygieneReferences
- Prabhakar and Nair, journal of paediatrics 12: 1083: 1975
- Anderson CL, “Textbook on School Health Practices” , 8: 1964
- Joan Bel Geddes “children and Health” Swasth Hind p.297: 1980
- Facts and Figures of Gulbarga District: District Statistical Records Office, Gulbarga-585102, Karnataka, 1998.
- Shah D N et al, health status of school children in adopted PHC s of medical college, Baroda, Indian journal of preventive and social medicine : 7- 12:1988.
- Andhra Pradesh School Health Project: An appraisal report on baseline survey: P, 21:24: 1991.
- Goel RC, Chavan UA, Pavan VK and Kachre VH, “Health Status of School Children in Ahmadnagar city of Maharashtra”, Indian Jour. of Public Health: 35: 2: 1991.
- Tenglikar S G , Reshmi S S , Pattankar J V “ A project work on health survey of school children in Urban slums of Gulbarga 1995.
- Transgenic Animals and Drug Development: a Review
Authors
1 Dept. of Pharmacology, S.S Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577005 Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, IN
3 Dept. of Microbiology, Sri Devraj Urs Medical College, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Microbiology, Sri Devraj Urs Medical College, Karnataka, IN
5 Dept. of Anatomy, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, IN
6 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 2, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 106-109Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies face the challenge that only ten percent of compounds tested in clinical trials eventually make it to the market and out of these, only a few will succeed to generate profit. Utilization of genetically altered animals (transgenic animals) in the pharmaceutical industry provides important insights into the function and interaction of particular gene products. Now, with the help of advanced technology numerous transgenic animals have been produced. The advent of transgenic animals has influenced the attrition rate in pharmaceutical research and development by increasing the quality of both targets and compounds. As with any experimental animal model, transgenic animals also have certain limitations but still they provide a powerful tool for the advancement of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.Keywords
Animals, Experiment, DrugReferences
- Luthra PM, Singh J, Kumar R, Singh S. Role of Geneknockout Strategy in New drug Discovery. In: Kohli K, Gupta M, Tejwani S editors. Contemporary Perspectives on Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics. Elsevier, 2006:124-144.
- Paigen K, Eppig JT. A mouse phenome project. Mamm. Genome, 2000, 11: 715-717.
- Marks CL. Animal Models for Human Diseases: Is There a Future Without Them? The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Dec 2006, 47(12):50N-51N.
- Jaenisch R, Mintz B. Simian virus 40 DNA sequences in DNA of healthy adult mice derived from preimplatation blastocysts injected with viral DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1974, 71:1250-1254.
- Palmiter RD, Brinster RL, Hammer RE, et al. Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes. Nature 1982, 300:611-615.
- Palmiter RD, Norstedt G, Gelinas RE, Hammer RE, Brinster RL. Metallothionein-human GH fusion genes stimulate growth of mice. Science 1983, 222: 809-814.
- Thomas KR, Capecchi MR. Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells. Cell 1987; 51(3):503-512.
- Misra RP, Duncan SA. Gene targeting in the mouse. Endocrine Dec 2002.19(3):229-238.
- Gulezian D, Kram DJ, McCollough B, et al. Use of transgenic animals for carcinogenicity testing: Considerations and Impications for risk assessment. Toxicologic Pathology 2000; 28(3):482-499.
- Picciotto MR, Wickman K. Using knockout and transgenic mice to study neurophysiology and behaviour. Physiological Reviews Oct 1998;78(4):1131- 1155.
- Bowers BJ. Applications of transgenic and knockout mice in alcohol research. Alcohol research & Health 2000; 24(3):175-183.
- Lim KI, Dumenco LL, Yun J. et al. High level regulated expression of the chimeric P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in transgenic mice. Cancer Res 1990; 50:1701-1708.
- Gossen M, Bujard H. Tight control of gene expression in mammalian cells by tetracycline-responsive promoters. Proc. Natl Acad Sci.USA 1992; 89:5547- 5551.
- Sauer B, Henderson N. Site specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA 1988; 85:5166-5170.
- Folkesson R, Winbald B, Benedikz E. Alzheimer transgenic models. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2002; 15:433- 439.
- Gupta SK. Drug Screening Methods 2004; Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi: 97-99.
- Deltour L et al. Journal of Biochemistry 1999; 274:16796-16801.
- Hodge CW, Mehmert KK, Kelley SP et al. Supersensitivity to allosteric GABAA receptor modulators and alcohol in mice lacking PKCå. Nature Neuroscience 1999;2:997-1002.
- Powell-Braxton L, Veniant M, Latvala RD et al. A mouse model of human familial hypercholesterolemia: markedly elevated LDL and severe atheroscelrosis on a low fat chow diet. Nat Med 1998; 4:934-938.
- Coleman DL. Obese and diabetes, two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice. Diabetologia 1978; 14:141-148.
- Peterson RG, Shaw WN, Neel M-A et al. Zucker diabetic fatty rat as a model for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ILAR News 1990; 32:16-19.
- Thurlby PL, Trayhurn P. The development of obesity in preweanling (ob/ob) mice. Br J Nutr 1978; 39:397-402.
- Crofford OB, Davis CK Jr. Growth characteristics, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of New Zealand Obese mice. Metabolism 1965; 14:271-280.
- Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology 3rd edn. Hilton & Company publishers, Kolkata 2005:8-9.
- Mockrin SC, Dzau VJ, Gross KW, Horan MJ. Transgenic animals new approaches to hypertension research. Hypertension 1991; 17(3):394-399.
- Rudmann DG, Durham SK. Utilization of genetically altered animals in the Pharmaceutical industry. Toxicologic Pathology 1999; 27(1):111-114.
- Srinivasan K, Ramarao P. Animal models in type-2 diabetes research: An overview. Ind J Med Res, mar 2007; 125:451-472.
- Internet resource obtained from URL: http:// www.jax.org/resources/documents/imr/ 29. Internet resource obtained from URL: http:// tbase.jax.org.