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Sonar, Tushar
- Role of IoT and AI in Welding Industry 4.0
Abstract Views :374 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 G.S.Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology,Aurangabad - 431010, Maharashtra State, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu State, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Applications, Hinduja College of Commerce Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra State, IN
1 G.S.Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology,Aurangabad - 431010, Maharashtra State, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu State, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Applications, Hinduja College of Commerce Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra State, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 55, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 54-62Abstract
The IoT (Internet of Thing) basically pertains to the concept of linking anything that is powered both to the internet and each other and simulating human intelligence by machines, particularly computer systems is artificial intelligence. It includes learning (acquisition of data and rules for exploiting the data), logic (exploiting rules to arrive at probable or definitive findings) and selfrectification. Many automatic welding machines are now connected to a computer and are fully networked and can be reached anywhere in world from a computer at any time. The first apparent use would be in the evaluation and configuration of the equipment itself, as the equipment must be regularly interfaced with a network to perform these functions. Future IoT technology for the welding sector is likely to emerge largely as part of an artificial intelligence network, as it would be extremely beneficial to control and monitor functions even though the system is not in connection with internet. Simulating human intelligence by machines, specifically computers is known as Artificial intelligence (AI). It includes learning (acquisition of data and rules for exploiting the data), logic (exploiting rules to arrive at probable or definitive findings) and self-rectification. AI is incorporated into a variety of different types of technology. AI will have IoT flexibility which would play a major role in complying the requirements of Welding Industry 4.0.References
- Avinash B, Industry 4.0 and related technologies, May 28, 2020,https://www.apo-tokyo.org/resources/ articles/industry-4-0-and-related-technologies/
- Manca D, Brambilla S, Colombo S (2013); Bridging between Virtual Reality and accident simulation for training of process-industry operators. Advances in Engineering Software, 55, 1-9.
- Zhong RY, Xu X, Klotz E, Newman ST (2017); Intelligent manufacturing in the context of industry 4.0: A review. Engineering, 3(5), 616-630.
- Schuster M, Larsen L (2017); Autonomous manufacturing of composite parts by a multi-robot system. Procedia Manufacturing,11, 249-255.
- Reisgen U, Mann S, Middeldorf K, Sharma R, Buchholz G, Willms K (2019); Connected, digitalized welding production - industry 4.0 in gas metal arc welding.Welding in the World, 63, 1121–1131.
- Nizam MSH, Marizan S, Zaki SA (2016); Vision based identification and classification of weld defects in welding environments: a review. Indian Journal of Science Technology, 9, 1–5.
- Villani V, Pini F, Leali F, Secchi C. (2018); Survey on human–robot collaboration in industrial settings: Safety, intuitive interfaces and applications, Mechatronics, 55, 248-266.
- Simoens P, Dragone M, Saffiotti A (2018); The internet of robotic things: A review of concept, added value and applications, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 15, 1, 1729881418759424.
- Bonomi F, Milito R, Natarajan P, Zhu J (2014); Fog computing: A Platform for Internet of Things and Analytics,” in Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments, Springer, 169-186.
- Latz B, How the Internet of Things will impact the welding & Manufacturing Industries, http://www.ktig.com/2017-blog/how-will-the-internet-of-thingsimpact-the-welding-manufacturing-industries, May 21st 2018.
- Posch G, Jürgen B, Krissanaphusit A (2017); Internet of Things / Industry 4.0 and Its Impact on Welding, Journal of Japan Welding Society, 86 (4 ), 236-242.
- Pan Y (2016) Heading toward artificial intelligence 2.0. Engineering, 2, 409–13.
- Zhou J, Li P, Zhou Y, Wang B, Zang J, Meng L (2018) Toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing, Engineering, 4, 11–20.
- Veikkolainen M. Internet of Welding reaching for the top of competitiveness. May 12, 2017.https://welding value.com/2017/05/internet-of-welding-reaching-forthe-top-of-competitiveness
- Chao C, Na Lv, Shanben C (2018); Data driven welding expert system structure based on internet of things, Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 45-60.
- Ji Z, Yanhong Z, Baicun W, Jiyuan Z (2019); Human–cyber–physical systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-generation intelligent manufacturing, Engineering, 4, 624–36.
- Wang, B, Hu, SJ, Sun L, Freiheit T (2020); Intelligent welding system technologies: State-of-the-art review and perspectives, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 56, 373–391.
- https://www.metalformingmagazine.com/magazine/article/Default.asp?/2016/3/1/Captured:_Real-Time_Welding_Data_to_Optimize_Quality,_Efficiency (Accessed on December 17, 2020)
- Chantry B (2020); Cloud based production monitoring reshapes weld performance tracking. https://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/support/process-and-theory/Pages/cloud-based-production-monitoring. aspx(Accessed on December 17, 2020)
- https://www.fronius.com/en/welding-technology/infocentre/magazine/2017/successfully-leveraging-dataassets (Accessed on December 17, 2020)
- https://www.fronius.com/en-us/usa/weldingtechnology/world-of-welding/welding-data-collection (Accessed on December 17, 2020)
- ESAB WeldCloud (2020);. https://www.esabna.com/us/en/weldcloud/index.cfm (Accessed on December 17, 2020)
- Effect of Delta Current on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welded Inconel 718 Alloy Joints
Abstract Views :266 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Material Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Dept. of Mfg. Engg., Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram, IN
1 Centre for Material Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Dept. of Mfg. Engg., Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 18, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 48-60Abstract
Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy which is of potential interest in high temperature applications in rocket and gas turbines. This alloy is mostly joined by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process for clean and precise welds and it is economical and shop friendly. However, due to the high heat input associated with this process, the joints are more prone for metallurgical problems such as coarse dendritic structure and segregation in weld metal region and liquation cracking in heat affected zone (HAZ) which significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the welded joints. To overcome these shortcomings, a recently developed Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding (GTCAW) process is used for joining Inconel 718 alloy. It is the advanced variant of GTAW process with magnetic arc constriction achieved by introducing high frequency pulsing Current (known as Delta Current). Delta Current pulsing at a very high frequency is controlling factor for the rise and fall of magnetic arc constriction during welding. The main objective of this investigation is to make the potential use of Magnetic Arc Constriction to reduce the heat input for minimizing metallurgical problems and enhancing the mechanical properties of the joints. To achieve this, main effect of Delta Current on tensile properties and microstructural characteristics of Inconel 718 alloy is investigated.Keywords
Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding (GTCAW), Delta Current, Tensile Properties, Microstructural Characteristics.References
- Lippold, J; DuPont, JC; DuPont, JN; Kiser, SD: Welding metallurgy and weldability of nickel base alloys, 'John Wiley and Sons, Inc.', New Jersey, 2009.
- Agilan, M; Krishna Chenna, S; Manwatkar, Sushant, K; Vinayan, EG; Sivakumar, Bhanu, D Pant: Effect of welding processes (GTAW & EBW) and solutionizing temperature on microfissuring tendency in Inconel 718 welds, 'Materials Science Forum', vol. 710, 2004, 603-607.
- Gordine, J: Some problems in welding Inconel 718, 'Welding Journal', 1970, 480-484.
- Madhusudan Reddy, G; Srinivasa Murthy, CV; Srinivasa Rao, K; Prasad Rao, K: Improvement of mechanical properties of Inconel 718 electron beam welds— influence of welding techniques and post weld heat treatment, 'International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology', vol. 43, 2009, 671 - 680.
- Janki Ram, G; Reddy, A; Prasad Rao, K; Reddy G; Sarin Sundar, J: Microstructure and tensile properties of Inconel 718 pulsed Nd-Yag laser welds, 'Journal of Materials Processing Technology', vol. 167, 2005, 73 - 82.
- Sivaprasad, K; Sundra Raman, G: Influence of weld cooling rate, on microstructure and mechanical properties of Alloy 718 weldments, 'Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A', vol. 39A, 2008, 2115 - 2127.
- Sudarshan Rao, G; Saravanan, K; Harikrishnan, G; Sharma, VMJ; Ramesh Narayan, P; Sreekumar, K; Sinha, P: Local deformation behaviour of Inconel 718 TIG weldments at room temperature and 550°C, 'Materials Science Forum', vol. 710, 2012, 439 - 444.
- Sivaprasad, K; Ganesh Sundara Raman, S; Mastanaiah, P; Madhusudhan Reddy, G; Influence of magnetic arc oscillation and current pulsing on microstructure and high temperature tensile strength of alloy 718 TIG weldments, 'Materials Science and Engineering A', vol. 428, 2006, 327 - 331.
- Janaki Ram, GD; Venugopal Reddy, A; Prasad Rao, K; Madhusudhan Reddy, G: Control of Laves phase in Inconel 718 GTA welds with current pulsing, 'Science and Technology of Welding and Joining', vol. 9, no. 5, 2004, 390-398.
- Radhakrishna, CH; Prasad Rao, K: The formation and control of Laves phase in superalloy 718 welds, 'Journal of Materials Science', vol. 32, 1997, 1977 - 1984.
- Seidi, FR; Unkel, W: Arc and weld pool behavior for pulsed current GTAW, 'Welding Research Supplement', 1988, 247-255
- Effect of Delta Current Frequency (DCF) on Microstructure and Tensile properties of Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc (GTCA) welded Inconel 718 Alloy Joints
Abstract Views :316 |
PDF Views:7
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 53, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 65-74Abstract
Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy mostly used in high temperature applications in aerospace sector due to its extensive mechanical properties and weldability . Gas T ungsten Arc Welding (GT AW) process is widely used for joining of Inconel 718 alloy for cleaner , precise and high-quality welds. However , due to the high heat input and wider arc associated with this process, it is having certain metallurgical problems in welding, such as coarse dendritic structure and segregation of alloying elements in weld metal region which significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the joints. T o overcome these limitations, a newly developed Gas T ungsten Constricted Arc Welding (GTCAW) process is employed to join Inconel 718 alloy . It is the advanced configuration of GTAW process, based on magnetic arc constriction induced by high frequency pulsing of the current known as Delta Current. The main objective of this investigation is to study the effect of Delta Current Frequency (DCF) on the weldability of Inconel 718 alloy for its viability in aerospace applications. The joints welded at 4 kHz showed superior tensile properties due to the refinement of grains in fusion zone. Increase in DCF results in decrease in tensile properties of the joints due to the coarsening of dendritic fusion zone microstructure. It is attributed to the stacking of heat input during welding.Keywords
Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding, GTCAW, Delta Current Frequency, Inconel 718, T Ensile Properties, Microstructure.References
- Gordine J (1970); Welding of Inconel 718, Welding Research Supplement, pp.531-537 .
- Lund CH (1961) Physical Metallurgy of Nickel Base Superalloys, Defence Metals Information Centre (DMIC) Report 153, Battelle Memorial Institute, Ohio.
- Lippold J, DuPont JC, DuPont JN, Kiser SD (2009); Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel Base Alloys, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. , New Jersey .
- Gordine J (1970); Some Problems in Welding Inconel 718, Welding Journal, pp.480-484.
- Wagner HJ, Hall A (1965), Physical Metallurgy of Alloy 718, Defence Metals Information Centre (DMIC), Report 217 , Battle Memorial Institute Columbus Ohio.
- Radhakrishna CH, Prasad Rao K (1997); The formation and control of Laves phase in superalloy 718 welds, Journal of Materials Science 32, pp.1977-1984.
- Janaki Ram GD, Reddy AV , Rao KP , Reddy GM (2005); Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 electron beam welds, Materials Science and T echnology 21, pp.1132-1138.
- Madhusudan Reddy G, Srinivasa Murthy C V , Srinivasa Rao K, Prasad Rao K (2009); Improvement of mechanical properties of Inconel 718 electron beam welds- influence of welding techniques and post weld heat treatment, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing T echnology 43, pp.671-680.
- Agilan M, Krishna CS, Manwatkar SK, Vinayan EG, Sivakumar D, Pant B (2004); Effect of Welding Processes (GT AW & EBW) and Solutionizing T emperature on Microfissuring T endency in Inconel 718 Welds, Materials Science Forum710, pp.603-607 .
- Huang CA, Wang TH, Lee CH, Han WC (2005); A study of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of an Inconel 718 sheet welded with electron-beam welding (EBW), Materials Science and Engineering: A 398, pp.275-281.
- Leary RK, Merson E, Birmingham K, Harvey D, Brydson R (2010); Microstructural and microtextural analysis of InterPulse GTCAW welds in Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V ,Materials Science and Engineering: A 527 , pp.7694-7705.
- Sudarshan Rao G, Saravanan K, Harikrishnan G, Sharma VMJ, Ramesh Narayan P , Sreekumar K, Sinha P (2012); Local Deformation Behaviour of Inconel 718 TIG weld-o ments at Room T emperature and 550 C, Materials Science Forum, 710, pp.439-444.
- Cortes R, Barragan ER, Lopez VH, Ambriz RR, Jaramillo D (2018); Mechanical properties of Inconel 718 welds performed by Gas T ungsten Arc welding, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing T echnology , 94 (9-12), pp.3949-3961.
- Rodríguez NK, Barragán ER, Lijanova IV , Cortés R, Ambriz RR, Méndez C, Jaramillo D (2017); Heat Input Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Gas T ungsten Arc Welds, Proceedings of the 17th International Conferenceon New T rends in Fatigue and Fracture, pp.255-262.
- Agilan M, Krishna CS, Manwatkar SK, Vinayan EG, Sivakumar D, Pant B (2004);Effect of Welding Processes (GT AW & EBW) and Solutionizing T emperature on Microfissuring T endency in Inconel 718 Welds, Materials Science Forum 710, pp.603-607 .
- Reddy GM, Murthy CVS,Viswanathan N, Prasad Rao K (2007); Effects of electron beam oscillation techniques on solidification behaviour and stress rupture properties of Inconel 718 welds, Science and T echnology of Welding and Joining, 12, pp.106-114.
- Mei Y , Liu Y , Liu C, Li C, Guo Q, Li H (2016); Effect of base metal and welding speed on fusion zone microstructure and HAZ hot cracking of electron beam welded Inconel 718, Materials and Design, 89, pp.964-977 .
- Ram GDJ, Reddy A, Prasad Rao K, Madhusudhan Reddy G, Sarin Sundar J (2005); Microstructure and T ensile properties of Inconel 718 pulsed Nd-Yag Laser Welds, Journal of Materials Processing T echnology , 167 , pp.73-82.
- Odabasi A, Unlu N, Goller G, Eruslu MN (2010); A Study on Laser Beam Welding (LBW) T echnique: Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructural Evolution of Superalloy Inconel 718, Metallurgical and Materials T ransactions A, 41, pp.2357-2365.
- Cao X, Rivaux B, Jahazi M, Cuddy J, Birur A (2009); Effect of pre- and post-weld heat treatment on metallurgical and tensile properties of Inconel 718 alloy butt joints welded using 4 kW Nd-Yag laser welding, Journal of Material Science, 44, pp.4557-4571.
- Sivaprasad K, Ganesh Sundara Raman S, Mastanaiah P , Madhusudhan Reddy G (2006); Influence of magnetic arc oscillation and current pulsing on microstructure and high temperature tensile strength of alloy 718 TIG weldments, Materials Science and Engineering A, 428, pp.327-331.
- Ram GDJ, Venugopal Reddy , A, Prasad Rao K, Reddy GM (2004); Control of Laves phase in Inconel 718 GTA welds INDIAN WELDING JOURNAL Vol ume 53 No. 2, A pri l , 2020 with current pulsing, Science and T echnology of Welding and Joining, 9, pp.390-398.
- Sonar T , Balasubramanian V , Malarvizhi S, Venkateswaran T , Sivakumar D (2019); Effect of Delta Current on the microstructure and tensile properties of Gas T ungsten Constricted Arc welded Inconel 718 alloy joints, Manufacturing T echnology T oday 8, pp.48-60.
- Manikandan SGK, Sivakumar D, Kamaraj M, Prasad Rao K (2012); Laves phase control in Inconel 718 weldments, Material Science Forum, 710, pp.614-619.
- Radhakrishna CH, Prasad Rao K (1997); The formation and control of Laves phase in superalloy 718 welds, Journal of Materials Science, 32, pp.1977-1984.
- Sivaprasad K, Sundara Raman G (2008); Influence of weld cooling rate, on microstructure and mechanical properties of Alloy 718 weldments, Metallurgical and Materials T ransactions A, 39, pp.2115-2127 .
- Manikandan SGK, Sivakumar D, Prasad Rao K, Kamaraj M (2014); Effect of weld cooling rate on Laves phase formation in Inconel 718 fusion zone, Journal of Materials Processing T echnology 214.
- Indian Railways on Fast Track with Welding Industry 4.0 : Application of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence
Abstract Views :148 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Tushar Sonar
1,
V. Balasubramanian
2,
S. Malarvizhi
2,
Namita Dusane
3,
V. Sivamaran
4,
C. Rajendran
5
Affiliations
1 G. S. Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IN
2 Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Hinduja College of Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN
4 Audisankara College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous), Gudur, Andhra Pradesh, IN
5 Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 G. S. Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IN
2 Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Hinduja College of Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN
4 Audisankara College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous), Gudur, Andhra Pradesh, IN
5 Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 20, No 11-12 (2021), Pagination: 10-20Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explain about application of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in welding of Indian Railways. The introduction of welding technology has also been followed by the country’s economic growth. Indian Railways has long been the single most significant infrastructure entity in India, with the railway track network expanding for many years. The new manufacturing sector is speeding the transition to digital and intelligent manufacturing, with the ongoing growth and maturity of cloud computing, big data, IoT and other innovations. Welding methods are also one of the fields where AI is tested and used early, with the help of information technology. Train maintenance and repair is usually carried out in demanding working conditions and frequently under demand from time. In such high demand and dynamic activities, it helps to decrease human error. In the welding of rail tracks and machine parts, IoT and AI will certainly offer many advantages in less time and with greater accuracy and precision. It will allow the Indian Railways to become more profitable and effective.Keywords
Indian Railways, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Welding 4.0.References
- Avinash, B. (2020). Industry 4.0 and related technologies. ttps://www.apo-tokyo.org/ resources/articles/industry-4-0-and-related-technologies/
- Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Natarajan, P., Zhu, J. (2014). Fog computing: A Platform for Internet of Things and Analytics. In Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments (169-186). Springer.
- Chantry, B. (2021). Cloud based production monitoring reshapes weld performance tracking. https://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/support/process-and-theory/Pages/cloud-based-production-monitoring.aspx
- Chen, C., Lv, N., Chen, S. (2018). Data driven welding expert system structure based on internet of things, Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 45-60.
- Data assets. (2021) https://www.fronius.com/en/welding-technology/info-centre/magazine/2017/ successfully-leveraging-data-assets
- ESAB WeldCloud. (2021). https://www.esabna.com/us/en/weldcloud/index.cfm
- Indian Railways. (2020). https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,29
- Indian Railways. (2021). https://www. financialexpress.com/industry/indian-railways-to-introduce-ultrasonic-track-testing/772422/
- Ji, Z., Yanhong, Z., Baicun, W., & Jiyuan, Z. (2019). Human–Cyber–Physical Systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-generation intelligent manufacturing. Engineering, 5(4), 624-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.015
- Latz, B. (2018). How will the Internet of Things impact the welding & manufacturing industries. https://www.k-tig.com/2017-blog/how-will-the-internet-of-things-impact-the-welding-manufacturing-industries.
- Manca, D., Brambilla, S., & Colombo, S. (2013). Bridging between virtual reality and accident simulation for training of process-industry operators. Advances in Engineering Software, 55, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2012.09.002
- Nizam, M. S. H., Marizan, S., Zaki, S. A., & Mohd Zamzuri, A. R. (2016). Vision based identification and classification of weld defects in welding environments: A review. In Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(20), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i20/82779
- Pan, Y. (2016). Heading toward Artificial Intelligence 2.0. Engineering, 2(4), 409-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.018
- Posch, G., Jurgen, B., Krissanaphusit, A. (2017). Internet of Things / Industry 4.0 and Its Impact on Welding. Journal of Japan Welding Society. 86(4), 236-242.
- Real time welding data. (2021). https://www.metalformingmagazine.com/magazine/article/Default.asp?/2016/3/1/Captured:_Real_Time_Welding_Data_to_Optimize_Quality,_Efficiency
- Reisgen, U., Mann, S., Middeldorf, K., Sharma, R., Buchholz, G., Willms, K. (2019). Connected, digitalized welding production - industrie 4.0 in gas metal arc welding. Welding in the World. 63, 1121–1131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-019-00723-2.
- Schuster, A., Kupke, M., & Larsen, L. (2017). Autonomous Manufacturing of Composite Parts by a Multi-Robot System. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.238
- Simoens, P., Dragone, M., & Saffiotti, A. (2018). The Internet of Robotic Things: A review of concept, added value and applications. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1729881418759424
- Veikkolainen, M. (2017) Internet of Welding reaching for the top of competitiveness. https://weldingvalue.com/2017/05/internet-of-welding-reaching-for-the-top-of-competitiveness
- Villani, V., Pini, F., Leali, F., & Secchi, C. (2018). Survey on human–robot collaboration in industrial settings: Safety, intuitive interfaces and applications. Mechatronics, 55, 248-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2018.02.009
- Wang, B., Hu, S. J., Sun, L., & Freiheit, T. (2020). Intelligent welding system technologies: State-of-the-art review and perspectives. In Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 56, 373-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.06.020
- Welding data collection. (2021). https://www. fronius.com/en/welding-technology/world-of-welding/welding-data-collection
- Zhong, R.Y., Xu, X., Klotz, E., & Newman, S, T. (2017). Intelligent Manufacturing in the Context of Industry 4.0: A Review, Engineering, 3(5), 616–630.
- Zhou, J., Li, P., Zhou, Y., Wang, B., Zang, J., & Meng, L. (2018). Toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing. In Engineering, 4(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.01.002
- Establishing Empirical Relationships to Predict the Tensile Shear Fracture Properties of Resistance Spot Welded Advanced High Strength Steel Lap Joints
Abstract Views :147 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Meenakshi Ramaswamy Engineering College, Thathanur, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 G. S. Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IN
4 Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Meenakshi Ramaswamy Engineering College, Thathanur, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 G. S. Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IN
4 Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 20, No 11-12 (2021), Pagination: 21-34Abstract
The joining of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) of type dual phase 800 (DP800) by fusion welding is challenging owing to its high strength and complex microstructural features. It leads to softening of heat affected zone (HAZ) and cracking due to the high heat input associated with fusion welding processes. This significantly deteriorates the tensile shear fracture properties of DP800 steel joints. To overcome this problem, resistance spot welding (RSW) is employed to join DP800 steel thin sheets. It involves resistive heating of joining surfaces under pressure at a temperature less than melting point of parent metal. This significantly reduces the issues in joining DP800 steel such as softening in HAZ, solidification and HAZ cracking and offers precise spot weld. The tensile shear fracture properties of joints are influenced by RSW parameters such as welding current, welding time, and electrode force. Hence, establishing empirical relationships to predict the tensile shear fracture properties of joints is crucial. So, the main objective of this investigation is to establish empirical relationships to predict the tensile shear fracture properties of resistance spot welded dual phase 800 steel lap joints using regression analysis. The optimal process window of RSW is established using response surface methodology (RSM) to attain superior tensile shear fracture properties of DP800 steel joints.Keywords
Resistance Spot Welding, Advanced High Strength Steel, Tensile Shear Fracture Load, Microstructure, Nugget Hardness.References
- Akulwar, S., Akela, A., Kumar, D. S., & Ranjan, M. (2021). Resistance spot welding behavior of automotive steels. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 74(3), 601-609.
- Ambroziak, A., & Korzeniowski, M. (2010). Using resistance spot welding for joining aluminium elements in automotive industry. Archives of civil and Mechanical Engineering, 10(1), 5-13.
- Eshraghi, M., Tschopp, M. A., Zaeem, M. A., & Felicelli, S. D. (2014). Effect of resistance spot welding parameters on weld pool properties in a DP600 dual-phase steel: a parametric study using thermomechanically-coupled finite element analysis. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 56, 387-397.
- Fonstein, N. (2017). Dual-phase steels. Automotive Steels. Elsevier Publication.
- Karthikeyan, R., & Balasubramanian, V. (2010). Predictions of the optimized friction stir spot welding process parameters for joining AA2024 aluminum alloy using RSM. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 51(1), 173-183.
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- Predicting the load-bearing capability of resistance spot welded advanced high strength DP-1000 steel spot joints for automotive structural and body frame applications
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Authors
Affiliations
1 4Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India., IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India., IN
3 Centre for Welding and Additive Manufacturing (C-WAM), G. S. Mandal’s Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India., IN
4 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India., IN
1 4Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India., IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India., IN
3 Centre for Welding and Additive Manufacturing (C-WAM), G. S. Mandal’s Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India., IN
4 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India., IN
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Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 21, No 7-8 (2022), Pagination: 13-22Abstract
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is used to overcome the issues in fusion welding of DP-1000 steel such as softening in heat affected zone (HAZ), solidification cracking, high thermal residual stresses and distortion. The main objective of this investigation is to develop the empirical relationships to predict the tensile shear fracture load bearing capability of spot joints for automotive applications. The three factor – three level box-behnken design (3X3-BBD) consisting ofless experiments was chosen for developing the experimental matrix. The lap tensile shear fracture load (LAP-TSFL) and cross tensile shear fracture load (CROSS-TSFL) tests were performed to determine the load bearing capability of spot joints. The empirical relationships of LAP-TSFL and CROSS-TSFL of spot joints were developed using polynomial regression equations incorporating the process parameters in coded form. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was executed to check the viability of developed empirical relationships for LAP-TSFL and CROSS-TSFL. The empirical relationship accurately predicted the LAP-TSFL and CROSS-TSFL capability of spot joints with less than 1% error at 95% confidence level.Keywords
DP-1000 Steel, Resistance Spot Welding, Optimization, Tensile Shear Fracture Load.References
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- Effect of copper electrode pressure on nugget diameter and mechanical performance of resistance spot welded thin DP800 steel sheets
Abstract Views :109 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Meenakshi Ramaswamy Engineering College, Thathanur, Tamil Nadu, India, IN
2 G. S. Mandal’s Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, IN
3 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India, IN
1 Meenakshi Ramaswamy Engineering College, Thathanur, Tamil Nadu, India, IN
2 G. S. Mandal’s Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, IN
3 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 21, No 5-6 (2022), Pagination: 23-30Abstract
DP800 is an advanced high strength steel containing duplex microstructure of ferrite and martensite phases. It is broadly used in automotive structural frame applications owing to its high strength to weight ratio. DP steel is mainly joined by resistance spot welding (RSW) to avoid the problems of solidification cracking and severe HAZ softening. In this study, the effect of copper electrode pressure on nugget diameter and mechanical performance of resistance spot welded 1.2 mm thick DP800 steel sheets are investigated. The tensile shear strength (TSS) properties were evaluated in straight lap (SL-TSS) and cross lap (CL-TSS) joint configuration. Results showed that the DP-800 steel spot joints developed using the electrode pressure of 4.0 MPa exhibited superior SL-TSS of 830 MPa and CL-TSS of 684 MPa. It is attributed to the evolution of finer martensitic needles in nugget zone.Keywords
Dual-Phase Steel, Resistance Spot Welding, Tensile Shear Strength, Microstructure, Electrode Pressure.References
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