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Venkatesan, T.

• Detection and Characterization of Wolbachia in Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of the Diamond Back Moth Plutella xylostella (Linn.)

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Authors

Murthy K. Srinivasa ¹, R. Rajeshwari ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Nesil Liz Baby ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 213-216

Abstract

Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) is an indigenous, larval endoparasitoid that attacks mid instar larvae of the diamond back moth (DBM). Although the parasitoid is distributed widely, not all local populations appear to be equally effective in controlling the DBM. Bacterial endosymbionts may play regulatory role in determining their efficiency. Field collected C. plutellae populations from cauliflower fields were assessed for the prevalence of the bacterial endosymbionts. Bacterial endosymbionts in the genus Wolbachia were detected in the populations obtained from Hoskote (Karnataka) and Thirupathi (Andhra Pradesh). PCR amplification using specific primers for Wolbachia revealed 528 and 518 bp for the populations, respectively. Sequencing of the Wolbachia surface protein, wsp, revealed Wolbachia infection to be related to Wolbachia endosymbiont of Cotesia glomerata outer surface protein, wsp gene (Genbank Accession No. AB094202) with maximum identity of 99% with BLAST search of NCBI. The sequence was submitted to the GenBank with the Accession No. JF421566. The detection of Wolbachia in the parasitoid signifying its role in biological manipulations of the parasitoid for enhanced efficiency is discussed.

Keywords

Wolbachia, Characterization, Cotesia plutellae, Cabbage, Plutella xylostella.

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References

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• In silico Docking Studies on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal and Implications for Insecticide Detoxification

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Authors

K. P. Dhanya ¹, Madhusmita Panda ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, N. K. Krishna Kumar ¹, R. Gandhi Gracy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, M. Nagesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Molecular Entomology Laboratory, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 1-9

Abstract

In silico docking of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) of an insect, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and a parasitoid, Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal was studied with two insecticides, monocrotophos and fenvalerate. The CYP450 sequences of H. armigera (CYP9A12), T. cacoeciae (CYP4G12) and a human microsomal sequence CYP3A4, as positive control were retrieved from NCBI’s GenBank database. The structure, as predicted by SOPMA, of CYP450 in H. armigera contained 78.7% helix and 43.3% sheets, while that of T. cacoeciae contained 60.6% helix and 68.5% sheets. The three-dimensional molecular models of CYP450 of H. armigera and T. cacoeciae indicated that 96.5 and 97.2% residues, respectively, were in the most favored region. The docking studies revealed that the binding energy of H. armigera was -3.50 and -7.65 kcal/mole compared to the binding energy of T. cacoeciae -2.96 and -5.28 kcal/mole for monocrotophos and fenvalerate, respectively, inferring stronger interaction of H. armigera CYP450 with the insecticides and thereby higher potential for resistance in H. armigera.

Keywords

Cytochrome P450, Helicoverpa armigera, Trichogramma cacoeciae, In silico Molecular Docking.

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• Characterization and Identification of Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an Introduced Parasitoid of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink through DNA Barcode

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Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, Nesil Liz Baby ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, A. N. Shylesha ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 11–13

Abstract

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, is a serious invasive pest in India and causes severe yield loss. Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Encyrtidae) is one of the efficient parasitoids for the suppression of papaya mealybug in its native range. This parasitoid was introduced from Puerto Rico in 2010 through USDA-APHIS for use against the papaya mealybug. Subsequently, natural occurrence of the parasitoid was observed in mealybug infested papaya fields at Pune and the parasitoid was identified as A. papayae based on morphology based taxonomy at NBAII. The study was undertaken for the DNA barcoding of A. papayae, using CO1 region in order to supplement and confirm that the introduced and Pune populations belonged to the same species and the study revealed that the A. papayae populations from Pune and USA are one and the same having fragment size of ~673bp.

Keywords

Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus Marginatus, Acerophagus Papayaa, Cytochrome C Oxidase-I (CO1), DNA Barcode.

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• Molecular Identification of Yeast Like Microorganisms Associated with Field Populations of Aphid Predator, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Their Role in Fecundity

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Authors

B. N. Hemalatha ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, S. Sriram ¹, B. Reetha ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 176–183

Abstract

Resident microflora of alimentary canal and fat bodies associated with eleven field collected Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) adult females were characterized and their possible role in influencing the fecundity was studied. The isolated yeasts varied among different populations of the predator. Culturable yeasts viz., Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Pichia anomala, Candida blankii, C. apicola, C. pimensis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Kodamea ohmeri were isolated from gut, diverticulum and fat bodies of the adult females and characterized by biochemical and molecular tools. The yeast isolate of T. delbrueckii in combination with honey and castor pollen grains were found to increase the fecundity of the adult females as compared to those that were reared on honey and pollen in different generations.

Keywords

Chrysoperla Zastrowi Sillemi, Yeast, Molecular Characterization, Fecundity.

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• Assessment of Genetic Variation in Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Populations as Revealed by Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Gene Sequences

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Authors

K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, R. Rajeshwari ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, G. Ashok Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 249-253

Abstract

The cytochrome oxidase gene (COI) was employed to assess the genetic variation in different populations of Cotesia flavipes. Partial sequences of the COI gene for the populations from Bangalore, Hyderabad, New Delhi and Shimla were analyzed to assess the homology and the usefulness of this genetic region for phylogenetic studies. PCR using COI-F and COI-R primers amplified a product of approximately 550 bp which was similar for all the four populations. Populations were by and large similar in the COI gene sequenced and there was no variation with our sequences and those of sequences worldwide. The multiple alignments were performed for four populations which revealed similarity of the partial COI gene sequences. Comparative analysis of partial sequences of COI gene produced a phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all our populations were in a single clade with high boot strap value, suggesting highest similarity.

Keywords

Cotesia flavipes, Cytochrome Oxidase, Genetic Variation.

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• Influence of Parasitoid-Host Density on the Behaviour Ecology of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a Parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker

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Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, T. V. Baskaran ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 255-264

Abstract

Since Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) is found to have strong parental care for its progeny, the influence of different densities of G. nephantidis and its host, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) on the behaviour ecology of the parasitoid was studied. Interaction between different densities of the host and parasitoid revealed that a ratio of 1:1 was significantly superior to all other ratios resulting in maximum parasitism (9.0 larvae / female), fecundity (93.2/female) and number of progenies (75.2/female). Exposing more than one C. cephalonica larva did not significantly increase the parasitizing efficiency, fecundity and progeny produced. Conversely, exposing a single C. cephalonica larva to several female parasitoids adversely affected the biological attributes of the parasitoid. Increasing the densities of either host insects or parasitoids had an inverse relationship with oviposition behaviour, parasitism efficiency and progeny production of the parasitoid establishing the important and significant role played by host-parasitoid density.

Keywords

Corcyra cephalonica, Density, Goniozus nephantidis, Opisina arenosella, Parasitizing Behaviour, Parental Care.

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• Genetic Variation in Artificially Selected Strains of the Egg Parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Using Rapd Analysis

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Authors

G. Ashok Kumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, M. Nagesh ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, P. Niranjana ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 353-359

Abstract

Artificial selection is extensively used to develop pesticide resistance in natural enemies. RAPD markers were used to estimate genetic relatedness between the parent and artificially selected hybrids of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii resistant to multiple insecticides (700ppm of endosulfan, 540ppm of monocrotophos and 20ppm of fenvalerate) and high temperature (> 40°C). Highly polymorphic markers could be identified through the primers OPF-1 and OPJ-20. RAPD marker from 15 oligomers clearly outgrouped the susceptible parent from artificially selected pesticide-resistant strains. The first group comprised the susceptible strain. The second group comprised the two subclusters, the first subcluster including the strain resistant to endosulfan and fenvalerate, multiple-insecticide resistant strain (MIRS) and high temperature resistant (HTR) strain while the second subcluster consisted of monocrotophos and HTR strains. The discriminating property of RAPD markers allowed differentiation of the resistant strain from the parental susceptible strain. Artificially selected resistant strains shared relatively high similarity (61-66%) with susceptible parent strain as per Jaccard's index.

Keywords

Trichogramma chilonis, RAPD, Pesticide Resistance, High Temperature, Genetic Relatednes.

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• Biochemical and Molecular Diversity Analysis of Culturable Bacteria in Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

Abstract Views :272  |  PDF Views:130

Authors

S. L. Ramya ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Molecular Entomology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 260–267

Abstract

Geographical populations of Cotesia plutellae, a predominant endolarval parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) were screened and analyzed for bacterial diversity. The culturable bacterial species were isolated and identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Eleven bacterial isolates were identified viz., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter cancerogenus, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas putida, Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pantoea sp. and Bacillus cereus. The molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis placed these phylotypes into two major classes i.e. Bacilli and Gamma proteobacteria. The evolutionary distance matrix (Pairwise distance) showed similarity between the sequences. The bacterial diversity observed was low in the different geographic populations. The nucleotide sequences were blasted and submitted to GenBank.

Keywords

Bacteria, Cotesia plutellae, 16S rRNA, Symbiont.

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• Neochrysocharis Nr. Diastatae (Howard) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) Parasitic on Eggs of Letana Walker (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae) in India:First Record of Host Association

Abstract Views :307  |  PDF Views:124

Authors

Ankita Gupta ¹, H. M. Yeshwanth ², Christer Hansson ³, T. Venkatesan ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560 065, IN
3 Natural History Museum (Entomology), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, GB

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 29, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 121-124

Abstract

Species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are potential biocontrol agents for many important agricultural pests. This paper reports, for the first time, gregarious parasitism of Neochrysocharis nr. diastatae (Howard) on eggs of Letana sp. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) on the host plant Pterospermum reticulatum Wt.&Arn. (Malvaceae) in Karnataka, India. The eggs of Letana sp. were observed along the margin of the leaves of P. reticulatum, visually distinguished as oval shaped structures. This is the first record of a host-parasitoid association between a species of Neochrysocharis and eggs of a Tettigoniidae grasshopper. DNA analysis of the parasitoid confirms a 100% match with a record of an unidentified species of Neochrysocharis from Canada. The geographical distribution and host record indicates that there may be a "N. diastatae" complex that this species actually belongs to, rather than being N. diastatae itself as N. diastatae is a Nearctic species and mainly known from agromyzids.

Keywords

Grasshopper, Gregarious Egg Parasitoid, Pterospermum reticulatum, Oriental Region.

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• Occurrence of Chrysoperla zastrowi arabica Henry et al. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a Cryptic Song Species of Chrysoperla (Carnea-group), in India

Abstract Views :239  |  PDF Views:124

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, J. Poorani ², K. S. Murthy ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, G. Ashok Kumar ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, R. Rajeshwari ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka., IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 143-147

Abstract

The Chrysoperla species (carnea-group) widely used in India in augmentative biological control programmes was found to be Chrysoperla zastrowi arabica Henry et al. The acoustic profile of the mating song of this species was analyzed and found to match that of C. zastrowi arabica, the song species characterized earlier as 'Cc5 generator'. The correct taxonomic name for this species remains to be determined as it is morphologically identical to C. sillemi (Esben-Petersen), a species already known from India. Molecular characterization of the species was also done and the DNA sequence of the ITS-2 region was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. DQ 825504, as that of C. sillemi). The implications of this finding are discussed.

Keywords

Chrysopidae, Carnea-group, Chrysoperla zastrowi Arabica, C. sillemi, India, Molecular Characterization, Song Analysis.

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• Genetic Improvement of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii for Combined Tolerance to Multiple Insecticides and High Temperature

Abstract Views :220  |  PDF Views:108

Authors

G. Ashok Kumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ², T. Venkatesan ¹, M. Nagesh ², Y. Lalitha ³

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 347-356

Abstract

A strain of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, an effective parasitoid of lepidopteran pests was developed for tolerance to three major groups of insecticides, i. e., endosulfan (organochlorine), monocrotophos (organophosphate) and fenvalerate (synthetic pyrethroid) and to high temperature (32-38°C) through selection. After 81 generations of selection, there was an increase in parasitism from 35% to 90-95% and decrease in mortality from 100% to 57-70% after 6h of constant exposure to three insecticides and high temperature. Interestingly 46.8 and 2.9 fold increase in tolerance was observed in males compared to 18.5 and 1.3 fold increase in females of MITT (multiple-insecticide and temperature tolerant) strain when exposed to endosulfan and fenvalerate sprays, respectively, while in case of monocrotophos, females and males were 465-fold and 25-fold more tolerant, respectively, than susceptible strain. At higher temperatures of 40 and 45°C, the per cent mortality of tolerant adults was 0.0 and 9.2%, respectively, compared to 59.7 and 96.1% in susceptible population after 6h of exposure at these temperatures. At high variable temperature (32-38°C), per cent mortality in MITT was 57.1 compared to 98.5% in susceptible population after 24h of constant exposure. The mean per cent parasitism at 32°C, 36°C, 38°C and at variable temperature of 32-38°C was significantly higher in tolerant strain (46.7, 45.0, 18.3 and 63.3%) compared to susceptible strain (54.0, 6.7, 0.0 and 0.0%), respectively. These studies suggest that the improved strain of T. chilonis will provide effective control of the pest even at harsh climatic conditions and under high insecticide pressure in different economically important crops.

Keywords

Egg Parasitoid, Genetic Improvement, High Temperature Tolerance, Multiple Insecticide Tolerance, Trichogramma chilonis.

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• Field Evaluation of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) against Coconut Black-Headed Caterpillar in Kerala Using Different Release Techniques

Abstract Views :208  |  PDF Views:138

Authors

K. R. Lyla ¹, S. ¹, T. Venkatesan ²

Affiliations
1 Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680 656, Kerala, IN
2 Hebbal, P. B. No. 2491, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 33-36

Abstract

Many entomophagous insects attack the black-headed caterpillar of coconut, Opisina arenosella Walker during its developmental stages. Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) is a gregarious larval parasitoid of O. arenosella. During summer months of 2003-04 and 2004-05 the parasitoid was evaluated in the field in Kerala by following two methods - trunk and crown release that were compared with control. There was significant reduction in the population of O. arenosella after third to sixth releases in treated palms, when compared to control palms. There was no significant difference between the two methods of release of G. nephantidis in reducing the population of O. arenosella. Hence farmers could easily and effectively adopt the trunk release method.

Keywords

Eva Luation, Goniozus nephantidis, Methods of Release, Opisina arenosella.

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• Economics of Production of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), an Important Parasitoid of Coconut Black-Headed Caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) for Bio-Factories

Abstract Views :277  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Srinivasamurthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, C. Bharathi Dasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P. B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 53-58

Abstract

Black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker), is a serious pest of coconut palms causing severe defoliation and yield loss. Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), one of the dominant and effective parasitoids of O. arenosella, is being widely used in the biological control programme. Technology for the production and cost economies of G. nephantidis were worked out for the first time. The production of 3,25,000 parasitoids within a period of 6 months required charging of 225 wooden Corcyra boxes @ 75 nos./batch three times. Coreyra cephalonica (Stainton) was used as a laboratory host for rearing the parasitoid. Exposure of 2500 matured C. cephalonica larvae, was required in order to get I lakh parasitoids per month. The cost of production of 100,000 G. nephantidis cocoons was Rs. 27,600. The commercial cost of cocoon in India is Rs. 40,000 per 100,000 parasitoids and the profit would be Rs. 12,400 for producing 100,000 parasitoids. Benefit-Cost of the production of parasitoid was 1:1.45. Employment generated during the production process was four. Hence, this technology is highly feasible and can he adopted for the production and use against the pest. This mass production technology would be suitable for promoting localized production of G. nephantidis at village or district level especially for farmers, unemployed graduates, private and public sector units and NGOs.

Keywords

Black-Headed Caterpillar, Coreyra cephalonica, Cost of Production, Fixed Cost, Goniozus nephantidis, Opisina arenosella, Variable Cost.

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• Preliminary Testing of some New Release Methods for Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma spp.

Abstract Views :230  |  PDF Views:144

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, K. S. Murthy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, P. S. Devi ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate on Biological Control (ICAR), P. B . No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 99-103

Abstract

Preliminary investigations were conducted in laboratory cages to test the efficiency of a novel release technique for egg parasitoid Trichogramma species and this was compared with the traditional techniques. The efficiency of the techniques was determined based on time taken for release, adult emergence and percentage egg parasitism. Mixing of eggs with carriers like talc (1:1 ratio) and agar solution (0.1%) recorded least time for application. Spraying of loose parasitised eggs mixed with agar solution was considered as the best treatment amongst the treatments where aqueous solutions were used as carriers. In treatments where loose parasitised eggs were mixed with various solid and aqueous carriers, per cent emergence was low ranging from 40.5 to 57.1% compared to 95.0 to 100.0% in release of adults, Tricho bit, Tricho capsules and loose eggs without any carrier. The lowest emergence was recorded when loose parasitised eggs were mixed with talc. Adult release, sprinkling of loose parasitised eggs mixed with vermiculite and semolina gave significantly higher parasitism compared to the other techniques of release. The results indicated that release of Trichogramma can also be tried by mixing with a spray solution (for eg. agar solution) with modification of sprayer nozzle or with solid carriers (for eg. vermiculite). Such techniques will be better understood by stakeholders and is expected to increase uptake of this important biological control agent.

Keywords

Carriers, Emergence, Parasitism, Release Method, Trichogramma.

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• Development of Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on a Semi Synthetic Diet

Abstract Views :224  |  PDF Views:114

Authors

K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 179-182

Abstract

The mean developmental period of Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller was 32.5 days with a percentage larval survival of 65.1per cent and adult emergence of 56.6 per cent on a semi-synthetic diet, while these were 26.6 days, 79.1 and 83.2%, respectively when reared on cabbage leaves. The factors for the variations in the biological attributes when reared on the diets and the feasibility of utilizing semi-synthetic diet reared host for rearing the parasitoids are discussed.

Keywords

Biological Parameters, Cabbage Leaf Webber, Crocidolomia binotalis, Semi-Synthetic Diet, Rearing.

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• A Novel Method of Field Release of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), an Important Primary Parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker on Coconut

Abstract Views :273  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, N. S. Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 79-80

Abstract

Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) is an important primary parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker in coconut eco-system. The method of release of G. nephantidis was standardized for the first time. It was found that 90-100 per cent of the parasitoids released at the trunk (1.2 m from the ground level) reached the crown of the palm irrespective of the height of the tree. The mean time taken by each batch of the parasitoids to reach the crown varied from 13 to 22 minutes. It was also found that the parasitoids preferred to crawl on the tree rather than flying. Hence it is suggested that G. nephantidis adults may be released at the trunk (1.2 m height from the ground level) of the coconut palm for the management of O. arenosella instead of releasing at the crown region of the palm or arbitrarily on unit area basis.

Keywords

Goniozus nephantidis Method of Release, Opisina arenosella.

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• Parasitising Efficiency of the Pupal Parasitoid, Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) at Different Exposure Periods

Abstract Views :246  |  PDF Views:117

Authors

Arun Baitha ¹, S. K. Jalali ², R. J. Rabindra ², T. Venkatesan ², N. S. Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop protection, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Rae Bareli Road, Dilkusha, P.O., Lucknow 226 002, UP, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag NO.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 65-68

Abstract

Pupae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were exposed to one-day-old mated females of Tetrastichus howard(OlIifO) for different periods to determine optimum period of exposure for laboratory production. The percentage parasitism varied significantly from 20 to 80 with different exposure periods. The number of parasitoids obtained per pupa (138.0) and females (71 %) were significantly higher when pupae were exposure for 12 hours and it decreased significantly on increasing exposure period. Though the per cent parasitism was vlry low when the pupae were exposed for 12 hours, the number of parasitoids obtained/ 100 pupae was highest (2760). However, considering progeny production and per cent females obtained, 12 hours exposure period is most suitable for avoiding superparasitism in the lahoratory production of the parasitoid.

Keywords

Chilo partellus, Exposure Period, Superparasitism, Tetrastichus howardi.

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• Development of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Mealybugs on Freeze-Dried Artificial Diet

Abstract Views :248  |  PDF Views:138

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post. Bellary Road Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 139-142

Abstract

Development of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was studied on a freeze-dried artificial diet devoid of insect components. The artificial diet was composed of beef liver (5 g), hen's egg yolk (5g), sucrose (1g), honey (1g), hydrolysed yeast (1g), milk powder (0.5g), brewer's yeast (0.5g), groundnut oil (0.3g), multivitamin (0.04g). vitamin E (0.04g), nipbagine (0.004g) and water (16 ml). Biological attributes of the artificial diet reared C. montrouzieri were compared with the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) reared. Mean adult emergence of the predators reared on artificial diet and mealybug reared were 58.0 and 90.0 per cent, respectively. Differences in developmental period, adult weight and female emergence between artificial diet and mealybug reared predators were non-significant. Pre-ovipositional period of the predators reared on artificial diet was significantly longer than the mealybug reared. The mean fecundity of artificial diet reared predator was only 8 eggs/female, which was significantly lower than the mealybug reared (204eggs/female). Artificial diet reared predators laid fertile eggs and the mean viability of the eggs was 93.0 per cent, which was not significantly different from the mealybug reared (94.0 %).

Keywords

Artificial Diet, Biological Suppression, Cryptolaemus mantrouzieri, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Planococcus citri

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• Host Range and Predatory Fauna of Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera:Aphididae) in Bangalore, Karnataka

Abstract Views :218  |  PDF Views:100

Authors

Sunil Joshi ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, N. S. Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 11, No 1&2 (1997), Pagination: 59-63

Abstract

The aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch is a common pest of cowpea and lablab around Bangalore. Survey for its predatory fauna resulted in recording eleven coccinel1ids, six syrphids, a chamaemyiid and a hemerobiid species. Syrphid species viz., Betasyrphus fietcheri Ghorpade and B. linga Ghorpade are new records onA. craccivora in India and elsewhere. Among predators recorded, Cheilomenes sexmaculta (Fabricius), Paragus serratus (Fabricius) and Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) were found predominant on A. craccivora.

Keywords

Aphis craccivora, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Predators, Syrphids.

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• Parasitising Ability of Some Trichogrammatid Species and Strains on Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)

Abstract Views :231  | 

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, H.A.Farm post, P.B. No. 2491, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 117-119

Abstract

Parasitising ability of some species and strains of trichogrammatids on Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was studied in the laboratory. Trichogramma chilonis (cassia strain), T. chilonis Bio Sc 1 (sugarcane strain) and T. brasiliense parasitised more S. exigua eggs.

Keywords

Parasitisation, Spodoptera exigua, Strains, Trichogrammatids.

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• Breeding of Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) on Corcyra cephalonica Stainton

Abstract Views :221  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, S. Joshi ¹, N. S. Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 128-129

Abstract

Campoletis chlorideae Uchida an early larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera (Hiibner) was successfully reared on Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. The comparative biology of C. chlorideae was also studied on C. cephaionica, H. armigera and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).

Keywords

Biology, Campoletis chlorideae, Corcyra cephalonica, Rearing.

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• Emission Constraint Profit based Unit Commitment Problem using Improved Bacterial Foraging Algorithm

Abstract Views :158  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

K. Selvakumar ¹, C. S. Boopathi ¹, T. Venkatesan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of EEE, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode - 637215, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 42 (2016), Pagination: 

Abstract

Objectives: The main objective function is to increase the Generation Companies profit and reduce the GHG gas emission of the thermal generating units. Methods/Analysis: During the most recent few centuries, emission control has become a very big problem of worlds concern due to the frequently increasing pollution of earth’s atmosphere. In order to reach the emission control in this paper the Improved Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (IBFA) is proposed. The Bacterial Foraging Algorithm is formed by foraging behavior of E-coli Bacteria in the human intestine. But the BF algorithm leads to some convergence problem while solving the large problems. So for improving the performance of the large problems the new integer coded Improved Bacterial Foraging Algorithm is proposed. Findings: The proposed method is implemented to the IEEE 39 bus10 unit system with one day time period. This proposed algorithm is simulated using MATLAB software and the output results are compared with traditional Unit Commitment Method. Novelty/Improvement: The restructuring of electric power industry is used to reform the electric supply industry. The generation scheduling of thermal generating units in deregulated environment is named as Profit Based Unit Commitment. In PBUC problem the normal Demand constraint is changed to modified power demand constraint to increase the GENeration Companies (GENCO) profit.

Keywords

Emission Limitation, GENeration Companies (GENCO), Improved Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (IBFA), Profit Based Unit Commitment (PBUC), Unit Commitment (UC).

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• Profit Based Unit Commitment Problems with Emission Constraints Using Swarm Intelligence Technique

Abstract Views :279  |  PDF Views:3

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. M. Janani ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, IN

Source

Automation and Autonomous Systems, Vol 9, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 31-38

Abstract

Unit Commitment (UC) problem is a significant optimizing task in daily operational planning of power systems which can be mathematically expressed as a large scale nonlinear mixed integer minimization problem for which there is no particular solution technique. The solution for the problem can be gained only by complete enumeration, often at a prohibitively computation time requirement for realistic power systems. This optimization involves many constraints such as system power and reserve, unit generation limit, unit minimum ON/OFF duration and ramping constraints. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization is proposed to solve the Profit Based Unit Commitment problem below deregulated environment with emission limitation. The bi-objective function optimization problem is expressed as a maximization of the Generation Companies profit and a minimization of the emission output of the thermal units, while all of the constrains should be fulfilled. This work, considers the new softer demand constraint to allocate fixed and transitional cost to the scheduled hours. The IEEE 10 unit 39 bus system with 24h data is engaged as the input for simulation using MATLAB software. From the results obtained, it is observed that the proposed system achieves maximum profit and minimum emission level with less computational time compared to other techniques.

Keywords

Unit Commitment, Particle Swarm Optimization, Emission limitations, Deregulation market, Swarm intelligence, Optimizing Power System.

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• Potential Natural Enemies of the Invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin in India

Abstract Views :277  |  PDF Views:147

Authors

K. Selvaraj ¹, R. Sundararaj ², T. Venkatesan ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, H. K. Mrudula ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 30, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 236-239

Abstract

A invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW) Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was found infesting coconut, banana, custard apple and several ornamental plants in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala for the first time in India. The identity of the pest species was determined through morphological and molecular tools. Furthermore cytochrome c oxidase-I gene (658 bp) of RSW was sequenced (GenBank accession number KY209909) which would serve as an ideal molecular diagnostic marker for its identification irrespective of its phenotypic plasticity. During the survey, several natural enemies were recorded and maximum parasitism was recorded by Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and its COI gene was sequenced and deposited as Encarsia sp. (GenBank accession number KY223606). Per cent parasitism ranged from 20.0 to 60.0 % in different collection locations, highest parasitism being recorded in Kerala as compared to other states. The predators recorded were Mallada sp., few coccinellids and predatory mites. This communication is the first report of the rugose spiraling whitefly, its host plant range and associated natural enemies in India.

Keywords

Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus, Host-Plants and Natural Enemies, Invasive Pest, Spiraling Whitefly.

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• First Record of Invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) along with Parasitoids in Karnataka

Abstract Views :390  |  PDF Views:157

Authors

K. Selvaraj ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, R. Sundararaj ², Chandish R. Ballal ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 74-78

Abstract

Occurrence of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin was found on coconut, banana, mango, guava, sapota, Indian almond, water apple, ball tree, rubber fig, butterfly palm, and ruffled fan palm for the first time in Karnataka. Severe damage was noticed in the coastal areas of Mangalore and Udupi and the infestation ranged from 20-35% in coconut and 24-38% in banana. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used to identity the pest and its natural enemies. Survey also revealed natural parasitism by the parasitoids Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and E. dispersa Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with 5-15% in coconut, 7-18% in banana and 22-30% in sapota. Besides, other commonly found natural enemies viz., Stethorus sp. associated with mites and Dichochrysa astur were also recorded. Furthermore, augmentation and conservation strategies for these parasitoids for the management of this invasive pest were discussed.

Keywords

Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, Host-Plants, Invasive Pest, Natural Enemies, Rugose Spiraling Whitefly.

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References

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• Stocks I. 2012. Rugose spiraling whitefly host plants. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Division of Plant Industry (DPI), Available from: http://monroe.ifas.ufl. edu/ /Hort/ RSW _Host_ Plants_May _2012. pdf (Accessed 5 March 2017).
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• Taravati S, Mannion C, Glenn H, Osborne L. 2013. Natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the south Florida landscape. ENY-870. University of Florida, IFAS Extension, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN100400.pdf. IN/IN100400.pdf (Accessed 4 March, 2017).

• 16S rRNA Gene Based Identification Of Gut Bacteria from Field Collected Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera:Noctuidae) from Tomato Ecosystem

Abstract Views :387  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Madhusudan ¹, S. K. Jalali ², T. Venkatesan ², Y. Lalitha ², Prasanna Srinivas ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Maharani’s Science College for Women’s, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN
2 Insect Biotechnology Laboratory, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (Formally PDBC), H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Indian Academy Centre for Research and PG Studies, Hennur Cross, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN

Source

Asian Journal of Bio Science, Vol 6, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 106-113

Abstract

Tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a polyphagous pest of different host plants and has developed resistance to most of the insecticide groups. In order to know the gut microbial flora of the insecticide resistant field collected larvae of H. armigera, whole gut was dissected from the fourth to fifth instar larvae of the H. armigera and the culturable bacterial species were identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Altogether eleven bacterial species of different genera were identified were Stenotrophomonas sp., Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus sp., Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus feacium, Bravundimonas diminuta, Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus sp., of which genera Enterococcus were found to be predominant. The nucleotide sequences of 11 isolates were submitted to NCBI-Gen Bank and accession numbers (HM446252, HM446253, HM446254, HM446256, HM446258, HM446260, HM446261, HM446263, HM446264, HM446265, and HM446266) were obtained.

Keywords

Helicoverpa armigera, Gut Bacteria, 16S rRNA, Nucleotide, Sequencing.

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• Detection of Insecticide Resistance and Mechanisms of Resistance in Field Populations of Chrysoperla zastrowi Sillemi (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) Collected from Different Geographical Locations in India

Abstract Views :257  |  PDF Views:115

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. Helen Mahiba ², S. K. Jalali ¹, S. L. Ramya ¹, M. Prathibha ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Banaglore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Regional Seri Cultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Veeranam Road, Allikuttai Post, Vaikkalapattarai, Salem - 636003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 159-167

Abstract

The toxic effect of commonly used insecticides in cotton fields was studied on 9 populations of Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen), an important predator of sucking pests collected in India. The dose mortality bioassay against 3-days old larvae was determined using three insecticides viz., endosulfan, fenvalerate and acephate by topical bioassay method. Mechanism of resistance to the above mentioned insecticides were determined without and with three metabolic inhibitors (synergists), viz., piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl-phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM). Among the populations, resistant ratios (RR) of CZS-8 was significantly higher i.e. 50.36., 66.11 and 277.51-fold for endosulfan, fenvalerate and acephate, respectively compared to susceptible population (CZS-10). The CZS-8 was selected for synergism study it showed higher LC50 values and resistance ratio for all three insecticides. It showed 8.97-fold, 18.49-fold and 6.38-fold increase in synergism ratio for endosulfan indicating the resistance was strongly synergised by PBO, DEF and DEM. Similarly for fenvalerate, CZS-8 showed 8.69-fold and 3.63-fold significant increase in synergism ratio by DEF and DEM, respectively and for acephate, CZS-8 showed 54.82-fold, 150.87-fold and 113.52-fold significant increase in synergism ratio indicating that the resistance could be due to cytochrome p-450, esterase and glutathione s- transferase activity. The study indicated that the field population of C. z. sillemi developed resistance to different groups of insecticides. Among different geographical populations, CZS-8 collected from Sriganganagar, was recorded as most resistant.

Keywords

Chrysoperla zastrowi Sillemi, Cytochrome P450, Esterase, Glutathione–S-Transferase Insecticide Resistance.

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References

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• Host-Insect and Host-Plant Associated Diversity in Microbiota Isolated from Most Important Oriental-Australian Region Egg Parasitoid

Abstract Views :245  |  PDF Views:128

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. Sriram ², T. Venkatesan ¹, R. P. More ¹, Omprakash Navik ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, Rakshit Ojha ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore – 24, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 89, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 229-239

Abstract

Host-insect and host-plant associated differentiation of genetically divergent microbiota were recorded from economically important egg parasitoid collected from 26 locations in India, Trichogramma chilonis constituted 86.8% of the populations collected. It was recorded from 14 host-insects, 14 different crops and weed plants from 12 states. Nine species of yeast were recorded from parasitoid from 5 host-insects with Wickerhamomyces anamalus was isolated from 36.4% samples and highest numbers were recorded from parasitoid collected on sugarcane. Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from T. chilonis constitute 64.3% of bacterial diversity based on their 16S rDNA sequences. For taxonomic identification using 16s rDNA and ITS sequences, we performed taxonomic classification of total 33 ITS isolates against UNITE Fungal ITS database and assigned taxonomy hierarchy to the sequences. Also, a total of 13 isolates 16s rDNA sequences were taxonomically assigned against RDP 16s rDNA database using RDP Naive Bayesian rRNA Classifier Version 2.1. Most of the species are correctly identified in the respective species members with high confidence threshold value support.

Keywords

Egg Parasitoid, Evolutionary Relationship, Host-Insects, Host-Plants, Microbiota.

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• Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Predatory Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Bugs of India

Abstract Views :293  |  PDF Views:136

Authors

Srimoyee Basu ¹, K. Chandra ¹, T. Venkatesan ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata – 700053, West Bengal, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary road, Hebbal, Bangalore – 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 75-80

Abstract

In the present study, a total of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera collected from India were identified based on morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene I (COI). Details of morphology based identification and the utility of COI gene to identify the aquatic Hemiptera is discussed in this paper.

Keywords

Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Bugs, Cytochrome Oxidase I, Hemiptera, Taxonomy.

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References

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• Studies on New Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Natural Enemies

Abstract Views :573  |  PDF Views:371

Authors

A. N. Shylesha ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, Richa Varshney ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Pradeeksha Shetty ¹, Rakshit Ojha ¹, Prabhu C. Ganiger ², Omprakash Navik ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, A. Raghavendra ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 All India Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 3 (2018), Pagination: 145-151

Abstract

Occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as fall armyworm, in southern India is reported along with associated natural enemies. Severe damage was noticed in Chikkaballapur, Hassan, Shivamogga, Davanagere and Chitradurga during July-August 2018. The incidence ranged from 9.0 to 62.5 percent at various locations, maximum incidence was recorded in Hassan district followed by Chikkaballapur, Davanagere, Shivamogga and Chitradurga. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used for the identification of this pest. The GenBank accession number MH704433 of Chikkaballapur population was released on 1^st August, 2018 and Barcode obtained from BOLD System-ID: AGIMP054-18. The survey also revealed natural parasitism by egg parasitoids viz., Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), gregarious larval parasitoid, Glyptapanteles creatonoti (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) solitary larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and a solitary indeterminate larval-pupal (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) parasitoid. Spodoptera frugiperda is the first host record for G. creatonoti across the globe. Glyptapanteles creatonoti, being a well established parasitoid of various noctuids in India and Malaysia, was capable of parasitizing S. frugiperda. Besides these, other commonly found bioagents viz., Forficula sp. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson was also collected in large numbers. We report the natural enemy complex of S. frugiperda for the first time from India. The electro physiological response of Indian population of S. frugiperda male adults to pheromone was established. The studies to manage this pest by any/all means are in progress.

Keywords

Karnataka, Maize, New Pest.

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References

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• New Record of Carinostigmus Tsuneki (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Pemphredoninae) Species in India and Identity of its Species using DNA Barcoding

Abstract Views :269  |  PDF Views:157

Authors

R. Gandhi Gracy ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources,Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 70-75

Abstract

Specimens of the aphid hunting wasp Carinostigmus Tsuneki (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Pemphredoninae) were collected from South India. Morphological identification revealed three species, and one of them, C. griphus Krombein, is new for India. Identification of the species is supported through COI partial gene-DNA Barcoding.

Keywords

Carinostigmus, DNA Barcoding, Molecular Phylogeny, Sphecidae.

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References

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• First Report of Exorista xanthaspis (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tachinidae), A Larval-Pupal Parasitoid on Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in Maize from India

Abstract Views :260  |  PDF Views:130

Authors

Omprakash Navik ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, T. R. Ashika ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru − 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 34, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 82-85

Abstract

For the first time, the tachinid fly, Exorista xanthaspis (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tachinidae), was found to parasitize the larvae of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from maize fields in Karnataka, India. The field survey conducted during 2018-19 revealed the occurrence of E. xanthaspis on the larvae of S. frugiperda with the parasitism rate of 1.85 to 4.55% in maize fields. The identity of tachinid parasitoid was confirmed by amplifying Cytochrome Oxidase I gene (CO1-658 bp) and DNA.

Keywords

Parasitoid, Spodoptera frugiperda, Tachinid Fly.

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• Occurrence of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India with a Note on Rove Beetle as its Potential Natural Enemy

Abstract Views :308  |  PDF Views:128

Authors

V. Abdul Rasheed ¹, S. R. Koteswara Rao ², K. Sreedevi ³, B. Bhaskar ⁴, T. R. Ashika ³, T. Venkatesan ³, S. K. Jalali ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Administrative Office, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Lam, Guntur - 522 034, A. P., IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR-NBAIR), H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bengaluru – 560 024, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, A. P., IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 34, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 86-89

Abstract

The occurrence of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize fields of Tirupati region, Andhra Pradesh is herewith reported. Field surveys in maize fields revealed that the rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) was found predating the larvae of fall armyworm and this is the first report of P. fuscipes on fall armyworm from India. The species identity of both fall armyworm and the rove beetle was confirmed through molecular studies by amplifying cytochrome oxidase I gene (CO1) and DNA barcoding.

Keywords

Fall Armyworm, Invasive Pest, Maize, Paederus fuscipes, Predator.

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References

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• Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India

Abstract Views :229  |  PDF Views:77

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Kannan ², S. Ramesh Babu ³, M. Mohan ¹, M. Sampath Kumar ¹, P. Raveendran ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Agricultural Research Station, Borwat Farm, MPUAT, Banswara 327 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 860-864

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive insect pest of maize in India. Natural occurrence of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) infection on S. frugiperda larvae was recorded in 2018 during surveys conducted in maize fields in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka, and Coimbatore and Tirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu. A strain of S. frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrNPV NBAIR1) infecting S. frugiperda was isolated from the diseased larvae; morphological and biological characteristics were studied. Electron microscopic studies showed tetrahedral-shaped SpfrNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) of size 1.64 μm. Dose–mortality bioassays revealed that first, second and third instar larvae were equally susceptible (LC₅₀ 3.71–5.02 OBs/mm²) to SpfrNPV infection. A PCR technique for detection of viral DNA in S. frugiperda NPV was developed by employing the polyhedrin gene (polh)-specific primers. The amplicon of 618 bp was amplified, sequenced and NCBI GenBank accession number was obtained (MT422725). Blast analysis revealed that SpfrNPV conserved polh gene sequence matched 100% with the reference GenBank sequence (J04333) from the NCBI database which confirmed the identity of the SpfrNPV.

Keywords

Insect Pests, Maize, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera frugiperda.

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• Enhanced Insecticide-resistance Spectrum in Green Lacewing Predator, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) And Its Potential Role In The Management Of Sucking Pests Of Cotton

Abstract Views :233  |  PDF Views:80

Authors

M. Ashwini ¹, M. Mohan ², G. Sivakumar ², T. Venkatesan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 423-428

Abstract

The green lacewing or aphid lion, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) is an important predator of sucking pests, and eggs and neonate larvae of lepiodopteran pests under many crop ecosystems of India. In the present study, enhanced insecticide resistance spectrum in an insecticide-resistant population of C. zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) was evaluated against four commonly used insecticides on cotton. The insecticide resistant C. zastrowi sillemi PTS-8 showed 16.4-, 14.8-, 12.7- and 7.2-fold resistance against chlorpyriphos 20% EC, cypermethrin 10% EC, acetamipirid 20% SP and chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC respectively, compared to the susceptible strain. Biochemical assays revealed an elevated level of three major detoxifying enzymes, viz. carboxylesterase (1.48-fold), glutathione S-transferase (1.27-fold) and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (1.36-fold) in PTS-8 strain compared to the susceptible strain. The field survival and biocontrol potential of PTS-8 strain were significantly better on cotton plants treated with recommended dose of insecticides. The study indicated the potential role of insecticide-resistant natural enemies under biointensive IPM programmes to avoid compatibility conflict with insecticides.

Keywords

Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi, Cotton, Detoxifying Enzymes, Insecticide Resistance, Sucking Pests.

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• Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogens on the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (j.e. Smith) in South India

Abstract Views :236  |  PDF Views:76

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, M. Kannan ², K. Elango ³, P. Ram Kumar ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Mahesh S. Yandigeri ¹, O. Dhanyakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kodaikanal 624 103, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 619-621

Abstract

No Abstract.

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• Occurrence of Cassava Mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), A New Invasive Pest on Cassava in India and Prospects for its Classical Biological Control

Abstract Views :212  |  PDF Views:87

Authors

M. Sampathkumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, A. N. Shylesha ¹, Sunil Joshi ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, S. Vennila ², S. R. Venkatachalam ³, M. Vijayakumar ⁴, Madhu Subramanian ⁵, M. Yoganayagi ⁶, T. R. Ashika ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110 102, IN
3 Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yethapur 636 119, IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sandhiyur 636 204, IN
5 Directorate of Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, IN
6 State Department of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu, Senthamangalam 637 409, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 432-435

Abstract

Increased globalization and trade have made India a target for entry of many new alien insect pests. One such unintentional recent introduction is the cassava mealybug (CMB), Phenacoccus manihoti on cassava. Monitoring on the occurrence and damage potential of CMB on cassava was undertaken during 2020. Among the places surveyed, maximum damage score (4–5) and density of the mealybug (>1000/shoot tip) were recorded in Salem and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu and Thrissur district of Kerala. In the absence of effective native natural enemies and other methods of control, CMB might pose a major crisis to the cassava industry in India. The prospects of its suppression by classical biological control are quite vibrant and the initiative to import the parasitoid wasp, Anagyrus lopezi from Thailand and the Republic of Benin is already being taken by ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, India.

Keywords

Biological Control, Damage, Invasive, Monitoring, Phenacoccus manihoti.

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References

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• Intrusion Pathway of Invasive Asian Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) from The Neotropics into The Indian Mainland

Abstract Views :177  |  PDF Views:76

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ², Ankita Gupta ¹, T. R. Ashika ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Box No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 1778-1781

Abstract

Coptotermes is one of the most widespread subterranean termite genus of economic significance with few species considered as truly invasive. Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) is also known to be invasive and has taxonomic confusion on its correct identity. Originally described from Myanmar, it is considered to occur in North East India and Thailand. However, it is found to cause serious economic losses in some Asian countries, Brazil, the Caribbean islands and peninsular Florida, USA. In the present study, the insect specimens which were recovered from imported wooden packaging material of a consignment at Goa, India, received from Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA have been reported. The termite species received was identified as C. gestroi through morphological characters and DNA barcoding. The possible infliction caused if invasive populations of C. gestroi enters India, in particular southern India, is discussed.

Keywords

Coptotermes gestroi, Intrusion Pathway, Invasive Species, Morphological and Molecular Identification, Subterranean Termites.

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References

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• Field evaluation of biopesticides against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato

Abstract Views :258  |  PDF Views:221

Authors

M. S. Abhishek ¹, B. C. Hanumanthaswamy ¹, T. Venkatesan ², K. Selvaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga - 577204, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bellary Road Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 12-18

Abstract

The efficacy of different biocontrol agents, botanicals and a biorational insecticide were evaluated against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato under field conditions at Shivamogga, Karnataka during two seasons (Rabi 2018-2019 and summer 2019-2020). The results revealed that spiromesifen 240 SC @ 0.7 ml/L was the most effective in reducing the B. tabaci population i.e., 85.12 and 85.16 % reduction over untreated control during Rabi and summer, respectively followed by azadirachtin 5% @ 2 ml/l with reduction of 68.61 and 66.32 % over untreated control during Rabi and summer, respectively. The response of these treatments was also observed on the yield attributes, with highest fruit yield of 53.67 t/ha (6 pickings) in spiromesifen treatment followed by azadirachtin (52.93 t/ha), but the highest Benifit: Cost ratio was noticed in azadirachtin 5% (1:3.41), followed by spiromesifen 240 SC (1:3.38).

Keywords

Azadirachtin, Bemisia tabaci, Bioagents, Biorational Insecticide, Botanicals, Tomato, Spiromesifen.

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• Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:80

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Sanjay Yelshetti ¹, M. Kannan ², R. Anandham ³, M. S. Yandigeri ¹, Surabhi Kumari ¹, K. Elango ⁴, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode 638 315, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 8 (2022), Pagination: 958-964

Abstract

Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major sucking insect pest of cotton in India. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to the development of resistance to most of the recommended pesticide groups. Though there are multiple mechanisms and principles of insecticide resistance development in insects, the gut bacterial-mediated degradation of insecticides is relatively less explored. In the present study, the gut bacteria of field-collected, insecticide-resistant population of A. biguttula biguttula were compared with a laboratory-reared susceptible population. Among the five culturable gut bacteria from the imidacloprid-resistant population, only Enterococcus silesiacus CLHG1a exhibited growth in the agar medium amended with 50 and 100 ppm of imid­acloprid. The imidacloprid degrading capacity of E. silesiacus CLHG1a was further confirmed by HPLC analysis. E. silesiacus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CLHG2 showed higher esterolytic activity (0.348 and 0.309 mmoles/min/mg respectively). The esterase zymo­gram on native PAGE revealed a single major band. This study provides clear evidence that the bacterium E. silesiacus isolated from the gut of A. biguttula biguttula has the ability to degrade imidacloprid and may have played a role in the detoxification of pesticides.

Keywords

Cotton, detoxification, esterase activity, gut microflora, insecticide resistance, leafhopper.

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• Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanism in an insecticide-resistant population of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its parasitizing efficiency against invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

Abstract Views :123  |  PDF Views:76

Authors

Priyanka Dupatne ¹, T. Venkatesan ², Omprakash Navik ³, M. Mohan ³, K. M. Venugopal ³, Basavaarya ³, V. Linga ³, Y. Lalitha ³, G. Sivakumar ³, M. Ashwini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, India, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 115-122

Abstract

Trichogramma chilonis is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests and widely used in biological control and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In this study, the cross-resistance in multiple insecticide-tolerant strain of T. chilonis was evaluated against chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, spinetoram 11.7% SC and thiamethoxam 12.6% + lambda-cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC. Bioassay studies revealed the highest resistance level against chlorantraniliprole (8.83-fold resistance) over the susceptible population, followed by spinetoram (2.41-fold). Metabolic enzymes carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase showed major involvement in the resistant populations, with the highest activity obser­ved against chlorantraniliprole, followed by spinetoram. The resistant population at field recommended doses of chlorantraniliprole (400 ppm), parasitized 52.92% and 44.10% of Corcyra cephalonica and Spodoptera frugiperda eggs respectively, compared to 15.48% and 9.6% parasitism by the susceptible population. Integration and utilization of resistant strains of T. chilonis in IPM programmes can provide improved control of insect pests under insecticide-sprayed conditions and may reduce the insecticide load on crops

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