Informatics Publishing Limited

Maitreyi Zaveri , Sunita Jain

Abstract

Objective: The present study was designed, to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of ischolar_main bark of Oroxylum indicum, against gastric ulcers. Oxidative stress is considered to be important factors in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers. Materials and method: The 50% alcoholic extract of ischolar_main bark of Oroxylum indicum and its different fractions viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol were studied (p.o.) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Further, n-butanol fraction was also studied in Water Immersion Plus Restraint Stress (WIRS) - model. The parameters studied include ulcer index, score for intensity intraluminal bleeding and antioxidant activity. Results: Alcoholic extract (300 mg/kg) and its different fractions (100 and 300 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in gastric ulceration against ethanol-induced gastric damage. Out of all these fractions, n-butanol fraction showed significant maximum (99%) inhibition of gastric lesions. In WIRS- model, pretreatment with n-butanol fraction showed significant antiulcer and antioxidant activity in gastric mucosal homogenates, where it reversed the increase in ulcer index (UI), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in superoxidedismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels induced by stress. Conclusion: The present study reveals significant gastroprotective effect of n-butanol fraction against both ethanol and WIRS-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The ulceroprotective activity of n-butanol fraction could be mediated through its antioxidant activity, vasodilatation, and gastric cytoprotection.

Keywords

Oroxylum Indicum, Stress Ulcer, Antioxidant Activity, n-butanol

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Sunita Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Economics Department, SVN University, Sagar M.P., IN

Abstract

The term entrepreneur was originally loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to help and launch a new venture or enterprise and accept full responsibility for the outcome. Jean-Baptiste say, a French economist, is believed to have coined the word "Entrepreneur" in the 19th century. He defined an entrepreneur as one who undertakes an enterprise, especially a contractor, acting as intermediately between capital and labour.

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Sunita Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics, S.V.N.University, Sagar (MP), IN

Abstract

Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, other longterm capital, and short term capital as shown in the balance of payments. It usually involves participation in management, joint venture, transfer of technology and expertise.

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