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Sunil Kumar Gupta ¹, Swapan Kumar Mukhopadhay ², Himanish Bhattacharyya ³, Biplob Kumar Modak ⁴

Affiliations
1 P2 Basic Seed Farm, Central Silk Board, Purnia, Bihar, IN
2 Central Sericutural Research & Training Institute, Berhampore-742101, West Bengal, IN
3 Department of Agriculture & Rural Development, Chandraketugarh Sahidullah Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Berachampa, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Incidence of diseases and pests is a serious concern in silk production due to prevailing tropical condition. Annual crop loss due to diseases during rearing varies between 15% and 20% in national level and in West Bengal it ranges between 35.7% and 44.7%. Crop losses due to specific diseases are also reported to the tune of 30%-40%. Cocoon crop is also affected due to Uzi fly, Exorista bombycis (Louis) infestation. Extent of infestation in West Bengal and Karnataka is between 40%-75%. Silkworm crop protection has been ingenuously investigated in various dimensions and prophylactic measures were developed. Intervention of crop technologies with adequate extension support crop loss due to diseases, which declined from 35% to 14%. Formulation and recommendation of disinfectants and management of rearing with productive breeds/hybrids ensured crop stability and added income of seri farmers. Elaborate technologies have been discussed for successful cocoon crop.

Keywords

Bombyx mori, Sericulture, Integrated Disease Management, Uzi Fly.

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Sunil Kumar Gupta ¹, Kailash Chandra ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, ‘M’ Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

The present paper reports new record of seven species of Orthoptera viz. Gerenia selangorensis Miller, Coptacra tuberculata Ramme, Pternoscirta pulchripes Uvarov, Pyrgomorpha (Pyrgomorpha) conica tereticornis (Brulle), Pyrgomorpha (Pyrgomorpha) conica fusca (Beauvois), Hedotettix rusticus Bolivar and Hedotettix angustatus Hancock from India. The systematic account, details of material collected, co-ordinates and geographic distribution and map of all these species in Chhattisgarh are incorporated. A brief note on zoogeography is given.

Keywords

Acrididae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae, Raipur, Raigarh, Kabirdham, New Record.

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Sunil Kumar Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, 'M' Block New Alipore, Kolkata - 700053, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

The paper presents new distributional record of the species Tarbinskiellus terrificus (Walker, 1869) from Chhattisgarh, India. The habitus photographs and figure of male genitalia of the species is provided for the first time.

Keywords

Gryllinae, New Record, Raipur, Gariaband.

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Sunil Kumar Gupta ¹, Kailash Chandra ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, ‘M’ Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700053, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

A total of 23 species belonging 15 genera under 5 subfamilies i.e., Conocephalinae, Hexacentrinae, Mecopodinae, Phaneropterinae, and Pseudophyllinae of Tettigoniids are reported from Chhattisgarh state.

Keywords

Bilaspur, Distribution, Korba, Raipur, Taxonomy, Tettigoniodea.

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Shashikant Sharma ¹, Sunil Kumar Gupta ¹, Mukesh Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Energy Technology, RGTU, Bhopal – 462001, Madhya Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Solar radiation incident on green plant and other photo synthesis organism performs two basic functions such as temperature control for chemical reaction to proceed and the process of photosynthesis. The fundamental conversion process in green plant is photosynthesis which is process of combining CO₂ from the atmosphere with water and light energy to produce oxygen and carbohydrates1. X [CO₂] + Y [H₂O] + light energy photosynthesis X[O₂] + Y [Cx H₂O] Y [Cx H₂O] is used to indicate the carbohydrates. The world population has increased at an explosive rate from 1.65 billion to just over 6 billion in the 20thcentury, and continues to increase. In the same century, mankind has consumed over 875 billion barrels of oil and it is very likely that even more oil will be consumed in the present century. Annual energy use in developing countries has risen from 55 to 212 kg oil equivalent over the last thirty years, while developed countries use as much as 650 kg oil equivalent per person. In his synopsis ‘Trilemma’ Three major problems threatening world survival’, foresees a three-fold challenge in the 21st century: how can we achieve economic growth, supply food and energy resources, while conserving the environment? To overcome the Trilemma, developing and introducing more efficient energy conversion technologies is therefore important, for fossil fuels as well as renewable fuels. This thesis addresses the question how biomass may be used more efficiently and economically than it is being used today. Wider use of biomass, a clean, renewable and CO2 neutral feedstock may extend the lifetime of our fossil fuels resources and alleviate global warming problems. Another advantage of using of biomass as a source of energy is to make developed countries less interdependent on oil- exporting countries, and thereby reduce political tension. Furthermore, the economies of agricultural regions growing energy crops benefit as new jobs are created1. Biomass primary energy sources: Past, present and future in particular wood, has historically been an important energy source for fires, ovens and stoves. During the Industrial Revolution, coal displaced biomass because of its high energy content and because it is available in large quantities at low cost. At the beginning of the 20th century, oil supplied only 4 % of the world’s energy. Decades later it became the most important energy source. Especially developed countries are highly dependent on oil, which supplies about 96 % of their transportation energy. With world energy demand projected to rise by about 40 % from now to 2020, photosynthesis. Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwvidhalaya implemented the National Policy for Management of Crop Residues to protect the parali (crop residue). On December 10, 2015, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) had banned crop residue burning in the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. Burning crop residue is a crime under Section 188 of the IPC and under the Air and Pollution Control Act of 1981. The Delhi high court had also ordered against burning residues, while Punjab government imposed a penalty of Rs 73.2 lakh farmers in 2016 for burning of crop residue³.

Keywords

National Green Tribunal (NGT), Parali, Photosynthesis, Trilemma’ Moisture content (MC), Volatile Combustible Matter (VCM)

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