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V. K. Jain ¹, Shivani Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Academics Institute of Management Studies, Dehradun
2 Medi-caps Institute of Technology and Management, Indore

Abstract

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has emerged as new management strategy for automobile organizations to become more environmental friendly, cost effective and competitive. The aim of this study is to review the literature of GSCM Practices and find out the common GSCM practices amongst the automobile and auhto-component organization in Madhya Pradesh (India). The data came from survey of 10 organizations. From the literature, we have found 26 GSCM Practices. According to the survey results, some practices are at the best stage but most are on the primary stage. So, we have found that there are opportunities for business to adopt more environmental friendly operations.

Keywords

Green Supply Chain Management, Automobile, Practices

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Shivani Sharma ¹, R. P. Sharma Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Sri Sai University, Palampur, HP -176102, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla –171005, IN

Abstract

In view of close association between the general linear algebra and general linear groups, it is natural to study the concepts of classical linear groups before Lie algebras and we study these groups and Engel’s Theorem. In this paper, we study some basic results, which are useful to provide concise information for the subsequent sections. Here, we study linear algebraic groups and the bilinear forms on the space of column matrices, which are useful to prove the further results. The study of Lie Algebras was motivated by the vector space of Linear Transformation (End (V)) endowed with a new operation known as bracket operation or commutator: [xy] = xy–yx, the operation on right hand side are the usual compositions of linear transformations. The bracket operation is in general neither commutative nor associative. This particular Lie Algebra with this new algebraic structure is denoted by gl(v) and is called as General Linear Algebra. Besides being useful in many parts of mathematics and physics, the theory of Lie Algebras is attractive. The theory of Lie Algebras constitutes a good foundation to representation theory. Many results, e.g. Conjugancy Theorems can be proved by using elementary Lie Algebra methods, avoiding the use of algebraic geometry. The classification of finite dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra is one of the most beautiful theories in mathematics. The purpose of this paper is to give a small sketch of a part of this theory up to Engel’s Theorem which is important to study a very valuable tool “ Jorden chevelly decomposition” in the representation of Lie algebras. Apart from the basic concepts like ideals, homomorphism, automorphism, solvability and nilpotency; we study one substantial theorem (Engel’s Theorem) in this Paper.

Keywords

Linear Algebraic Group , Engle’s Theorem.

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Sharanbir Kaur Bal ¹, Shivani Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Family Resource Management, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Cotton is one of the most important fibres as it plays a key role in the economic and social affairs of the world. Despite huge production of cotton in India, cotton picking is still practiced manually in India and is a tedious and highly laborious work. Cotton picking is one of the major labour intensive operations in cotton cultivation involving major share of expenditure. Since the varieties used in our country require picking at several stages feasibility of using mechanical cotton picker is remote, hence, the only option left is selective picking method. An adult person can pick about 25-30 kg seed cotton per day. Punjab state, being third in its contribution of cotton crop to the national pool indicates intensive involvement of rural women in this activity. They work intensively during a particular season (Oct.- Nov.) which ranges from 50-60 days and spend approximately, 8-9 hours per day in cotton picking activity and constitute majority of labour. Further, they perform this activity with drudgery prone methods thus, putting large demands on their time and energy. Therefore, All India Coordinated Research Project on Home Science, FRM Component of PAU, Ludhiana have done the ergonomic assessment of existing cotton picking practices being performed by women workers. The parameters for ergonomic assessment were working heart rate, energy expenditure and drudgery scores on five point scale. The results revealed that as no improved technology and methods were used/available for cotton picking ,this activity was considered as drudgery prone activity by the women workers.

Keywords

Ergonomic Evaluation, Physiological Cost of Work, Energy Expenditure, Drudgery Scores

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J. K. Gill ¹, Shivani Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IS
2 Department of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

In the present study it was that majority of the elderly women and men were living in double storied own houses and only 14 per cent were living in single storied houses, considered as safe for elderly. Majority of women (62%) and men (50%) faced 4-6 health related problems. For maximum number of women as well as men accidents took place in the bathroom due toe slipping. Second most accident prone area for women was kitchen and wet floor was the main reason for occurrence of accidents. Primary consequences of the accidents varied form simple pain and sprain to fractures and dislocation of joints. The study also found the relationship between age and feeling of safety at home i.e. as the age increases the feeling of safety decreases in the elderly.

Keywords

Occurrence of Accidents, Residential Hazards, Elderly Person

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Sharanbir Kaur ¹, Shivani Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Family Resource Management, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Women are the most neglected part of our society especially those who are residing in the rural areas. They have very passive role in the family decisions due to their low educational level. They work for 14-16 hours a day and have to perform all types of household, farm and allied activities. Their economic status is low because of unemployment in economic sector. Keeping in view the above facts, All India Coordinated Research Project on Home Science, FRM component under the objective "Empowerment of women through capacity building" was conducted intensive training programmes in three adopted villages of Ludhiana district to improve the knowledge of women for better living and to empower them for undertaking income generating projects so that they can contribute towards family income and improve the financial status of their families. Different training programmes were conducted to impart knowledge to total 105 participants (35 from each village). Further, impact analysis of the training programmes was done and the results showed that almost all the respondents gained full knowledge of all the aspects of training programmes. But most of them used the knowledge gained through different trainings for making articles to fulfill their household needs or to give these items to their friends and relatives. There were only few respondents who used the knowledge of candle making for earning money for their families.

Keywords

Capacity Building, Knowledge, Empowerment, Impact

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Shivani Sharma ¹, Hitesh K. Dhamija ², Bharat Parashar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P), IN
2 Department of Pharmacy, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P)., IN

Abstract

Jatropa curcas belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. The uses of are various parts of Jatropa plant are well known to Indian rural population from ages. The latex of Jatropa has anti-cancerous properties, ischolar_mains act as an antidote for snakebite, oilcake is used as manure, and leaves are used as a food for Tasser silk moths. Forestation and re-forestation of degraded wastelands with Jatropa can convert unproductive lands into productive national assets. Jatropa is seen by many to be the perfect biodiesel crop for India. All parts of Jatropha (seeds, leaves and bark) have been used in traditional medicine and for veterinary purposes for a long time. Uses of various parts of Jatropha in the treatment of disease. Some compounds (Curcacycline A) with anitumor activities were reportedly found in this plant. Substances such as phorbol esters, which are toxic to animals and humans, have been isolated and their molluscicidal, insecticidal and fungicidal properties have been demonstrated in lab-scale experiments and field trials. The seed oil can be applied to treat eczema and skin diseases and to some other rheumatic pain. Rhizomes infusion or decoction is recommended in paraguyan traditional medicine as a digestive to treat rheumatism human gout and to induce abortion. Diagnosis by case history and presenting symptoms. A definite diagnosis can only be made if there is a history of ingestion and the ingested plant material has been positively identified as Jatropha. Jatropha is generally used for the preparation of diesel oil. Jatropha has gained importance worldwide due to its medicinal uses and for the preparation of oil.

Keywords

Jatropha curcas, Anti-Cancerous, Antidote, Traditional Medicine, Diagnosis.

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Rakesh Kumar ¹, Shivani Sharma ¹, A. P. S. Brar ¹

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Faridkot (Punjab), IN

Abstract

In the present era of life, most of the peoples are busy in jobs and have very little time for preparation food for their family and hence, dependent upon the processed food products i.e. ready to serve meal. In such type of food products, the natural ingredients undergo processing which impact upon the appearance of the food. Moreover, the consumer goes for shopping on less frequent basis therefore the shelf-life of food products becomes a key consideration. To restore the originality of the food products, the manufacturers are using food colours. These colours can be artificial or natural. Many types of natural and artificial colours are being used by the manufactures to maintain the particular shade of a product for the duration of shelf-life. Despite, widespread use of colourants (synthetic) in food products, repots of allergic reaction, indigestion have been reported from additives. Very few report for turmeric, carmine, annatto and saffron were reported, though nobody gave conformity. Thus, it may be concluded that natural colours are safe and could be used into processed foods in place of synthetic ones to enhance the appeal of the processed food.

Keywords

Food Colour, Synthetic Colour, Natural Colour.

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Vimal Kumar ¹, Pallak Arora ², Manish Khatri ³, Shivani Sharma ¹, Sumit Malhotra ⁴, Vandana Sharma ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Periodontics, Kalka Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Kalka Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Periodontics, IDST Dental College, Uttar Pradesh, IN
4 Department of Periodontology, Kalka Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, IN
5 Department of Oral Pathology, Kalka Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & Materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion: Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.

Keywords

CPITN, ESI, Periodontal Disease, Prevalence.

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Shivani Sharma ¹, Vinay Kaul ², Priyanka Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Eletrical Dept, Reliance Engg Associated (P) Ltd., Jamnagar, IN
2 Gujarat State Petronet Ltd, Baroda, IN
3 Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research (ISTAR), Vallablz Vidya Nagar, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Computer-based methods are increasingly used to improve the quality of educational services. Education quality not only means good teaching and learning, using new technologies for education improvement, doing experiments and carrying out real case studies etc. but it should be result oriented in terms of getting absorbed professionally. After completing education getting a good job is very important for candidate. For this good knowledge, percentage and good practice of interview is required. In this paper we have proposed knowledge extraction way to gather online interview of particular subject and maintain it so that students can refer it whenever required. This can be managed manually and through computer also. In this paper software is designed and developed for the extracting interviews of experts of particular knowledge. Main parameters like communication skills, domain knowledge etc are identified and embedded in software. At present this software can be used for engineering students of various branches. Also, a case study was done for B.E. students and was found very useful as it increases confidence level of students.

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Shivani Sharma ¹, Manpreet Rana ¹, Hitesh Kumar ¹, Bharat Parashar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P), IN

Abstract

Medicinal system of drugs is shifting towards herbal drugs so it's time to come close to nature. Now a day's diseases are spreading worldwide in various individuals due to various reasons it may be due to eating hobbits, stress, lifestyle or some other factors like geographical area also plays a great role in it. So we have to implement more and more natural products in our diet to get rid of diseases. Cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer's diseases are becoming common in our life. Antioxidants play a great role and are beneficial in our day to day life. Antioxidants acts as the body's first line of defense against damage from natural process called oxidation. Antioxidants have the property that they can protect from cancer. Plants are the main source of natural antioxidants, including several edible species. Among antioxidant molecules, tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbic acids, and phenolic compounds stand out. Additionally, the antioxidants present in fruits and vegetables have been found to exhibit anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic. So, it's the need of time to add more and more natural products in our diet for our better living style and to fight against various diseases with our natural products. And to cure various ailments with our own natural ways by adding natural products in our diet for our healthy living and prosperous living.

Keywords

Antioxidants, Cancer, Natural Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Aloe Vera.

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Surya Nandan Meena ¹, Shivani Sharma ², Ritu Kulshreshtha ², Malapati K. Janarthanam ³, Sanjeev C. Ghad ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Goa 403 206, IN
2 Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016, IN
3 Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa 403 206, IN

Abstract

Grewia nervosa belonging to the Malvaceae family is abundantly found in the Western Ghats of India. Though G. nervosa is considered to have therapeutic potential, this has not been scientifically corroborated. However, the plant has been scientifically proven to demonstrate insecticidal, larvicidal and free radical scavenging activities.

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Richa Mishra ¹, Shivani Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Architecture, M.I.T.S, Gwalior, IN
2 A.S.I Nagpur Circle, IN

Abstract

Globally by the end of the twentieth century, the definition of ‘heritage’ has expanded from built heritage (monuments), historic urban areas, gardens to intangibles including the entire living environment with its cultural traditions and changing lifestyles. With this changing notion of heritage, the concept of conservation of heritage has become less static and more dynamic, taking into account their tangible and intangible dimensions with reference to the culturally sustainable management of heritage resources. The underlying theme of conservation is community development together with the revival of intangible heritage which requires a multi-disciplinary approach which will include the overall environment and involves the local community. The paper investigates through understanding the protection of heritage in the Indian context, and various approaches adopted in few case examples where heritage was at stake or benefitted through various interventions by stakeholders and agencies involved. It will try to underline the need for a holistic and integrated approach to planning in case of protection of and intervention in the heritage areas or precincts. As the present approach for conservation and protection of heritage areas is inappropriate to carry the aspirations of physical and spiritual aspects.

Keywords

Heritage, Protection, Intervention.

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Shilpa Bhatt ¹, Shivani Sharma ¹, Vijayasanthalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Balongy, Mohali, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Pain is a physiological component o f labour and birth. Pain is an unpleasant sensation of distress resulting from stimulation of sensory nerves. During the first stage of labour, pain results primarily from cervical dilatation and secondarily from the uterine contractions themselves. Painful sensations travel from the uterus via visceral afferent (sympathetic) nerves that enter the spinal cord through the posterior segments of thoracic spinal nerves. Human body can bear only up to 45 Del of pain. But at the time of giving birth, a woman feels up to 57 Del of pain. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of foot reflexology on intensity of labour pain among primigravida mothers with view to promote the comfort of the primigravida mothers. Material and methods: A quantitative approach with quasi-experimental design was adopted. By purposive sampling Technique 60 primigravida mothers were selected. Data was collected by structured interview schedule and observation method. Analysis and interpretation was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In pre-test intensity of labour pain among primigravida mothers in experimental and control group In control group majority of the women had moderate pain 23(76.7%). In experimental group 20 (66.7%) had moderate pain. In post- test intensity of labour pain among primigravida mothers in experimental and control group. In control group majority of women had severe pain 27(90%). In experimental group most of the women had moderate pain 28(93.3%). Conclusion: It shows that after foot reflexology in experimental group most of the women were had moderate pain 28(93.3%), 2(6.7%) had severe pain and there was no woman in mild pain. In control group majority of women in post test had severe pain 27(90%), 3 (10%) had moderate pain no woman was in mild pain. Behavioural response was good in the reflexology group as compared to control group. In the present study, it was found that the primigravida mothers of experimental group had moderate intensity of labour pain after the intervention, but intensity of labour pain was more in control group. Behavioural response was good in experimental group as compared to control group. So it is concluded that foot reflexology was effective on intensity of labour pain among primigravida mothers. Though labour pain increases with increase in dilatation.

Keywords

Foot Reflexology, Primigravida Mothers, First Stage of Labour, Active Phase of Labour.

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Shivani Sharma ¹, Bhupinder Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 I.N.E G.T.B.S © Hospital Shastri Nagar,Model Town (Ludhiana), IN
2 University College of Nursing (Faridkot), IN

Abstract

Introduction: During pregnancy many changes occur in women’s self-concept and the changes in their self-image and the shift in focus from themselves to the needs of the foetus and unfamiliar territory of pregnancy and early motherhood creates anxiety. Relaxation techniques are a great way to help in managing anxiety such as progressive muscle relaxation technique(PMRT) which may be very useful for treating anxiety symptoms during pregnancy.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety among antenatal mothers.

Material & Method: Quasi Experimental design with two group pre-test and post-test design was used. Conceptual framework for the study was adopted from Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (1968) General System Model was chosen to conduct the study. Through convenience sampling, 35 subjects were selected in experimental and 35 in control group. Subjects in experimental group (n=35) were provided PMRT and conventional care and in control group (n=35) only conventional care was provided. Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and Socio demographic data sheet was used to collect the data.

Results: Results revealed that there was significant difference in level of anxiety after four weeks of progressive muscle relaxation technique in experimental group (p value 0.005) as compared to control group. However, there was no association of pre-test level of anxiety with selected demographic variables

Conclusion: The study concluded that progressive muscle relaxation technique was effective in reducing anxiety among antenatal mothers after 4 weeks of intervention in experimental group.

Keywords

Antenatal Mothers, Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique, Perinatal Screening Anxiety Scale, Anxiety.

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Shivani Sharma ¹, Parul Saxena ²

Affiliations
1 School of Business Studies, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Associate Professor, School of Business Studies, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

This is a systematic study of the literature among nurses in India regarding stress and stress-coping strategies. A search for studies published in English between 2009 and 2020 was conducted on the Microsoft Academics, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases. A total of 1784 articles were retrieved and 21 articles were identified as per inclusion criteria for final review. This paper concludes that Indian nurses experience moderate to high stress. Some of the major stress-related factors identified through this study were workload, inadequate resources, low salaries, doctors’ attitude, posting in busy departments, family-work conflict, and patient death. Indian nurses commonly use positive appraisal, problem-solving, and social support as strategies to handle stress. In some cases, positive thinking and taking professional guidance were also used to cope with stress. The present systematic analysis takes into account the quantitative and qualitative studies related to stress and its coping strategies conducted among nurses in India.

Keywords

Coping Strategies, Nurses, Positive Reappraisal, Stress, Mechanisms, Workload

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Vivek Harshey ¹, Pankaj Kumar Das ², Shivani Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, IN

Abstract

At the current deep submicron and nanometer level, the leakage power is becoming the major contributor to overall power consumption in modern VLSI circuits. This research paper presents a novel approach to reducing leakage power by inserting two leakage transistors in the middle of pull-down and pull-up paths. Out of these two leakage transistors, one is the PMOS transistor, and another one is the NMOS transistor. This research work presents a dynamic CMOS inverter and 6T SRAM cell with and without transmission gate (TG) to reduce leakage power using the LECTOR and LECTOR-B techniques. The Cadence Virtuoso simulation tool is used to presents the results in terms of static power. Using the 45-nm technology node, the performance in terms of static power is analyzed. It is observed that using LECTOR and LECTOR-B techniques, the overall reduction in static power is 26% and 20%, respectively, compared to the conventional design for SRAM cell. Similar improvements are also noted for dynamic CMOS inverter and TG SRAM cell.

Keywords

Dynamic CMOS Inverter, SRAM Cell, Leakage Power, LECTOR, LECTOR-B Technique

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Shivani Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Lecturer, Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Chamunda Institute of Medical Science and Nursing College, Kullu., IN

Abstract

Cervical Cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells originating in the cervix. One of the most common symptoms of cervical cancer is abnormal bleeding, but in some cases there may be no obvious symptoms until the cancer has progressed with this aim the study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the study and descriptive survey design was employed to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer among women in Civil Hospital Sec-6 Panchkula. A total 100 women were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the study revealed that 42% girls had average knowledge regarding cervical cancer, where as53% subjects had inadequate knowledge and only 5% subjects had good knowledge. The mean knowledge score of 11.19, Median was 10 and SD was5.64. The finding of the study was indicated a strong need to providing knowledge about cervical cancer and its prevention.

Keywords

Cervical Cancer, Knowledge, Women.

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Shivani Sharma ¹, Dhiman Basu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382 355, India., IN

Abstract

Transport properties of concrete directly affect durability. A good comprehension of different transport properties and the role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) will help in improving concrete quality. This article presents a brief review of the role of SCMs in concrete, transport mechanisms and their correlation with durability. The progress of research on transport properties like water penetration, sorption, electrical resistivity, chloride ingress, etc. with the partial replacement of different blenders is reviewed. The article also briefly examines the influence of SCMs on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and the link between ITZ and overall transport properties.

Keywords

Concrete, Durability, ITZ, Supplementary Cementitious Materials, Transport Properties.

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