Informatics Publishing Limited

Shilpa Gupta ¹, Pooja Kaushik ¹, Sandeep Sachdeva ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. M. Engineering College, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haryana Engineering College, Jagadhri, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Brightness is one of the characteristics of colour image to specify its visual information. Features of the image are enhanced so that the result so produced can be used for specific application. The theory of fuzzy sets have been applied to enhance the brightness of a colour image. The RGB colour model is not suitable for enhancement as the colour components are not decoupled. So, HSV model is used. By increasing the value of V, the brightness increases. The different membership functions i.e. triangular, trapezoidal, Gaussian and bell shaped have been applied to the V and results are compared and analyzed so as to produce brighten colour image.

Keywords

Brightness, HSV Model, Membership Functions.

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Shilpa Gupta ¹, Arun G. Maiya ², Kalyana Chakravarthy ³, Stephen Rajan Samuel ⁴

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, IN
2 Professor and Dean, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IN
3 Assisant Professor, Dept. of Physiotherapy, University of Sharjah, AE
4 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, IN

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is important in improving cardiovascular fitness. Estimating physical activity (PA) levels and Energy Expenditure(EE) in Phase-I CR using Accelerometer can help in understanding cardiovascular fitness better.

Method and Materials: PA of 16 participants post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) in Phase-I CR was measured using Actigraph accelerometer. Metabolic Equivalents (METs) and average of daily EE(in Kcals) and steps taken were calculated. Correlation of the Six minute walk distance (6MWD) on the day of discharge and PA levels measured by Actigraphaccelerometer was done.

Results: PA energy expenditure averaged 283.71 Kcals/3days, step counts/day 4861.50, METs 5.79 and the EE in light and moderate intensity activities were 1.01 Kcals and 5.72 Kcals respectively. The time spent in these activities were 62.25 minutes in light intensity and 2 minutes in moderate intensity activities.

Conclusion: PA measured by Actigraph accelerometer was of low to moderate levels in Phase-I CR. There was a weak correlation between PA levels measured by Actigraph accelerometer and 6MWD achieved at the time of discharge.

Keywords

Cardiovascular Disease, Phase I Cardiac Rehabilitation, Physical Activity, Accelerometer.

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Shilpa Gupta ¹, Nilesh J. Jain ¹, Reena C. Jhamtani ¹

Affiliations
1 Harm Reduction Research and Innovation Centre [HRRIC], Virtualis Services Pvt Ltd., Mumbai – 400013, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Smokeless Tobacco [SLT], a non-combustible form of tobacco, is consumed by 350 million people in 133 countries across the globe. Worldwide, Smokeless Tobacco products vary greatly in their formulations and chemical composition. Understanding of toxic and carcinogenic constituent variations in such products can provide valuable insights for the development of effective tobacco control policies. Though the assessment of SLT products has been done earlier, the information is not available in an inclusive and handy format as entire profiling. Hence, there is a vital need to develop a one-stop information source providing comprehensive information on SLT products. PubMed and Google scholar databases were systematically searched from 1995 till April 2020 for observational studies on Smokeless Tobacco products and their chemical components. The included studies were evaluated and data were extracted and reviewed.A wide variation was noted in the association of various diseases and specific Smokeless Tobacco product constituents based on their nature and inherent toxicity. The majority of chewing tobacco products displayed a higher risk for users.This review emphasizes the significant positive association of Smokeless Tobacco product components with health hazards. Pathways estimates for smokeless tobacco-associated disease need further analysis. The profiling of Smokeless Tobacco products also requires multi-centric well-designed studies. Further, the information would be a guide for researchers interested in the components of SLT products.

Keywords

Biological Mechanism, Disease Pathway, Hazard, Profiling, Smokeless Tobacco, Tobacco Constituents

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