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Malik, Shalie
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Distribution in the Forebrain of Adult Spiny Eel, Macrognathus pancalus
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1 DST-IRHPA Center for Excellence in Biological Rhythm Research, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, IN
1 DST-IRHPA Center for Excellence in Biological Rhythm Research, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, IN
Source
Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 18, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 75-86Abstract
In the present study, the distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the forebrain of adult spiny eel, Macrognathus pancalus, which is a bottom-dwelling nocturnal fish, was investigated. Serial Nissl-stained brain sections were used to demarcate forebrain regions and neuronal structures. NPY peptidecontaining cell bodies and fibers localized immunocytochemically were found widely distributed throughout the forebrain. The brain areas showing NPY distribution included predominant cell groups in the telencephalon (nucleus entopeduncularis, NE; nucleus of area ventralis telencephali, Vn), diencephalon (nucleus preopticus, pars parvocellularis, NPOp; nucleus preopticus, pars magnocellularis, NPOm; nucleus lateralis tuberis, NLT) and mesencephalon (midbrain tegmentum, MT). The important areas with only NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) fibers included olfactory bulb (OB), area dorsalis telencephali pars anterioris (Da), dorsal part of Dmd (Dmdd), ventral subdivision of Dl (Dlv), anterior subdivision of Dl (Dla), preoptic area (POA), optic tectum (OTec) and nucleus recessi lateralis (NRL). The pattern of NPY distribution in the forebrain of M. pancalus suggests its role in processing of many physiological functions (viz., feeding, daily activities, reproduction and other metabolic processes). The basic information on anatomical localization of NPY in eel will help to understand better the seasonal variations of NPY and its interaction with other reproductive hormones.Keywords
Forebrain, Immunocytochemistry, NPY Distribution, Spiny eel.
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- Avian Sleep and its Resemblance with Mammals
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Authors
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1 Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Journal of Scientific and Technical Research (Sharda University, Noida), Vol 10, No 1-2 (2020), Pagination: 24-29Abstract
Sleep, a ubiquitous behavior reported in animal kingdom spreads out from cnidarians to mammals. Evolutionarily it is linked with the development of nervous system which was first time reported in phylum Cnidaria. Thus, this information satisfies a basic function of sleep which is memory processing and information storage. Besides this, cellular restoration and synaptic scaling also encompass as the core function of sleep. Sleep is broadly characterized by the oscillation of NREM (Non-rapid eye movement) and REM (Rapid eye movement) sleep cycles in mammals. Interestingly its distant relative birds also show the same stages while sleeping. Therefore, avian sleep can act as window to understand the mechanisms associated with generation and function of mammalian sleep. Avian sleep shares many similarities with that of mammals, for instance, presence of REM/NREM sleep states which in turn are under circadian and homeostatic control. Likewise minor differences also exist between the two groups for example, the thalamocortical spindles and the ripple complex which are missing from bird sleep. Thus, avian model system can help in understanding the complicacies associated with mammalian sleep (with reference to human) during health and illness.Keywords
Cellular Restoration, Circadian, NREM, REM, Sleep.References
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