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Shahid Iqbal ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ², Ra'ana Afzal ³, Qasim Ali ⁴, Syeda Taskeen Muryam Naqvi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, PK
2 Department of Anthropology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, PK
3 Dar.ul.aman Hafizabad, PK
4 Department of Sociology University of Gujrat, PK

Abstract

Female education plays an important role in the societal progress and improvement. The literacy rate among rural females is 29% in Pakistan. In the developing countries like Pakistan, the traditional attitude towards women education is painstaking a keyobstacle in girls' schooling. In this study an effort had been made to explore the effect of traditional attitude on the educational attainment of rural females in Pakistan. The present study was conducted in the rural areas of the district Hafizabad. A sample of size 700 female children was selected using multistage random sampling technique. The fmal completed school grade was considered as the response variable. The analysis reveals that the girls, who belonged to households where the minds of the heads of the households were entrenched in the local cultural values, had lower levels of educational attainment as compared to the girls of households where the heads of the households were liberal. The study realizes the need to encourage the male heads of the households for schooling of their daughters as a short-run policy. Efforts to neutralize an innovative attitude towards females in the third world nations are the need of the hour. International organizations and States of the developing world should manage to promulgate the importance of female education.

Keywords

Traditional Attitude, Female Educational Attainment, Rural Hafizabd

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Shahid Iqbal ¹, Zaeema Riaz ², Riaz Ahmad ², Nadia Ayub ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Federal Urdu University for Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, PK
2 Institute of Clinical Psychology University of Karachi, Gulistan-e-Jahuar, Karachi, PK
3 Department of Business Psychology, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, PK

Abstract

The current study evaluated the causal relationship of self-esteem with depression and anger among religious minority adolescents (Christians and Hindus) of Pakistan. Based on preceding literature, it was hypothesized that self-esteem would predict depression and anger in religious minority adolescents. In the current study, 160 religious minority adolescents (i.e. 76 Christians and 84 Hindus) participated. The age of the participants ranged from 11 years to 19 years with the mean age of 15.49 years. All participants of the study belonged to middle socioeconomic class and their educational level ranged from 6th to 13th grade. Research measures employed were:Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), Reynolds Adolescents Depression Scale, 2nd Ed (Reynolds, 2002) and Adolescents Anger Rating Scale (Burney, 2001). Through Linear Regression Analysts, self-esteem was found to be a statistically significant predictor of depression and anger in religious minority adolescents.

Keywords

Self-Esteem, Depression, Anger, Adolescents, Religious Minority.

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Nadia Ayub ¹, Shahid Iqbal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Psychology, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, PK
2 Department of Psychology, Federal Urdu University for Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, PK

Abstract

This study investigates the correlation between personal growth initiatives, psychological distress, and psychological well-being among adolescents. It was assumed that personal growth initiative is significantly associated with psychological well-being, and negatively associated with psychological distress among adolescents. A study consists of 150 (75 males and 75 females) college students of Karachi, Pakistan. A Personal Growth Initiative Scale (Robitschek, 1998); Ryffs Scales of Psychological Well-Being (RPWB; Ryff, 1995);&Psychological Distress Scale (K10; Kessler, 1996) were administered. For all statistical analysts, Spearmen's rho was calculated to assess the association among personal growth initiatives, psychological well-being and psychological distress. The findings of the study suggest that personal growth initiative ts positively associated with psychological well-being and negatively associated with psychological distress among adolescents. Furthermore, adolescents who are high in personal growth initiative and psychological well-being experience less mental health issues.

Keywords

Personal Growth Initiative, Psychological Well-Being, Psychological Distress.

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