Informatics Publishing Limited

H. H. Gangurde , M. A. Chordiya , N. S. Baste , S. Tamizharasi , C. D. Upasani

Abstract

Targeting drug delivery into the lungs has become one of the most important aspects of systemic or local drug delivery. Consequently, in the last few years, techniques and new drug delivery devices intended to deliver drugs into the lungs have been widely developed. Currently, the main drug targeting regimens include direct application of a drug into the lungs, mostly by inhalation therapy using either pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) or dry powder inhalers (DPI). Intratracheal administration is commonly used as a first approach in lung drug delivery in vivo. To convey a sufficient dose of drug to the lungs, suitable drug carriers are required. These can be solid, liquid, or gaseous excipients. Liposomes, nano and microparticles, cyclodextrins, microemulsions, micelles, suspensions, or solutions are all examples of this type of pharmaceutical carrier that have been successfully used to target drugs into lungs. The use of micro reservoir type systems offers clear advantages, such as high loading capacity and possibility of controlling size and permeability, and thus of controlling the release kinetics of the drugs from the carrier systems. These systems make it possible to use relatively small numbers of vector molecules to deliver substantial amounts of a drug to the target. This review discusses the approaches and devices required to be administer drug into the lungs.

Keywords

Targeting Drug Delivery, Drug Delivery Devices, Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers, Liposomes, Microparticles.

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M. Bhowmick ¹, S. Tamizharasi ¹, J. C. Rathi ¹, S. Sonkar ², T. Shivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode- 638052, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Bhilai, Raipur-491024, Chhattisgarh,, IN

Abstract

Skin penetration enhancement techniques have been developed to improve bioavailability and increase the range of drugs for which topical and transdermal delivery is a viable option. This review describes enhancement techniques based on Enhancement via modification of the stratum corneum by electrically-based rate controlled Transdermal drug delivery System technologies. These methods involve the use of external energy to act as a driving force and/or act to reduce the barrier nature of the Stratum Cornium in order to enhance permeation of drug molecules in to the skin. Recent progress in these technologies has occurred as a result of advances in precision engineering (bioengineering), computing, chemical engineering and material sciences, which have all helped to achieve the creation of miniature, powerful devices that can generate the required clinical response. A number of electrical methods of penetration enhancement have been evaluated. These include Iontophoresis (driving charged molecules into the skin by a small direct current approximately 0.5 mA/cm2), Sonophorsis and Phonophoresis (cavitation caused by low frequency ultrasound energy increases lipid fluidity), Electroporation (application of short micro- to millisecond electrical pulses of approximately 100-1000 V/cm to create transient aqueous pores in lipid bilayers), Photomechanical waves (laser-generated stress waves reported to cause a possible transient permeabilisation of the stratum corneum) and Magnetophoresis (skin penetration can be enhanced by applying magnetic field).

Keywords

Electrically-Based, Iontophoresis, Sonophorsis And Phonophoresis, Electroporation, Photomechanical Waves, Magnetophoresis.

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