- Alind Rastogi
- A. T. Rao
- K. Srinivasa Rao
- A. S. K. Murthy
- G. S. Yadav
- K. M. Srivastava
- I. B. Ramaprasada Rao
- M. Venkata Chary
- Ram Raj Mathur
- T. Bhattacharyya
- D. Sarkar
- S. K. Ray
- P. Chandran
- D. K. Pal
- D. K. Mandal
- J. Prasad
- G. S. Sidhu
- K. M. Nair
- A. K. Sahoo
- T. H. Das
- R. S. Singh
- C. Mandal
- R. Srivastava
- T. K. Sen
- S. Chatterji
- N. G. Patil
- G. P. Obireddy
- S. K. Mahapatra
- K. S. Anil Kumar
- K. Das
- A. K. Singh
- S. K. Reza
- D. Dutta
- P. Tiwary
- K. Karthikeyan
- M. V. Venugopalan
- K. Velmourougane
- A. Srivastava
- Mausumi Raychaudhuri
- D. K. Kundu
- K. G. Mandal
- G. Kar
- S. L. Durge
- G. K. Kamble
- M. S. Gaikwad
- A. M. Nimkar
- S. V. Bobade
- S. G. Anantwar
- S. Patil
- V. T. Sahu
- K. M. Gaikwad
- H. Bhondwe
- S. S. Dohtre
- S. Gharami
- S. G. Khapekar
- A. Koyal
- Sujatha
- B. M. N. Reddy
- P. Sreekumar
- D. P. Dutta
- L. Gogoi
- V. N. Parhad
- A. S. Halder
- R. Basu
- R. Singh
- B. L. Jat
- D. L. Oad
- N. R. Ola
- K. Wadhai
- M. Lokhande
- V. T. Dongare
- A. Hukare
- N. Bansod
- A. Kolhe
- J. Khuspure
- H. Kuchankar
- D. Balbuddhe
- S. Sheikh
- B. P. Sunitha
- B. Mohanty
- D. Hazarika
- S. Majumdar
- R. S. Garhwal
- A. Sahu
- S. Mahapatra
- S. Puspamitra
- A. Kumar
- N. Gautam
- B. A. Telpande
- A. M. Nimje
- C. Likhar
- S. Thakre
- A. P. Nagar
- J. A. Dijkshoorn
- N. H. Batjes
- P. S. Bindraban
- S. V. Patil
- K. Sujatha
- A. H. Kolhe
- M. Raychaudhuri
- Ashwani Kumar
- S. Raychaudhuri
- S. K. Singh
- Jagdish Prasad
- Alok Kumar Srivastava
- Kulandaivelu Velmourougane
- Ashutosh Kumar
- K. K. Bandhopadhyay
- K. K. Mandal
- K. R. Reddy
- N. G. Bansod
- D. Dasgupta
- Rajendra Hegde
- K. V. Niranjana
- B. A. Danorkar
- M. Lalitha
- Shivanand
- S. C. Ramesh Kumar
- Arti Koyal
- S. Parvathy
- C. Thamban
- Jeena Mathew
- K. P. Chandran
- Abdul Haris
- V. Krishnakumar
- V. Srinivasan
- Jessy
- James Jacob
- J. S. Nagaraj
- Maria Violet D’Souza
- Y. Raghuramulu
- R. Hegde
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Srinivas, S.
- Agroforestry Models in India - Focus on Design
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 7 (1996), Pagination: 535-542Abstract
Design is a stratcgic tool for popularising a particular agroforestry model. The creative potential of scientists shall concentrate upon the value engineering, methods of design optimisation, ergonomic considerations, synergic combinations of tree-crop interactions, designs innovation, and development of models, based upon needs, site capacity, economic returns, and above all, the environmental services. The model designs and preferences may be need (Product) specific, economic value specific, site specific, cultural value specific, technology specific and combination specific. The paper discusses the need to incorporate the design specificitics in agroforestry models because of their importance in participatory forest management and regional planning in India.- Petrology of Basic Granulites from Maruturu Near Anakapalle in the Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt
Authors
1 Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 3 (1999), Pagination: 279-289Abstract
Basic granulites frequently occur in garnetiferous quartzo-feldspathic gneisses and rarely in garnetiferous sillimanite gneisses, calc-silicate rocks and quartzites in the entire Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt (EGGB). Commonly these basic layers are parallel to the foliation and are occasionally boudinaged. These share a common tectonic and metamorphic history with those of the associated litho-units. There are also unusual basic granulite dykes which crosscut the foliation in quartzo-feldspathic gneisses, folded calc-silicate rocks and basic granulites at Maruturu near Anakapalle in the EGGB. The two generations of basic granulites are even grained with a polygonal annealed mosaic and characterised by the mineral assemblage: coexisting pyroxenes and plagioclase. The mineral composition data of coexisting pyroxenes indicate large scale equilibrium at granulite facies conditions. Both types of basic granulites have almost similar bulk composition and have tholeiitic affinity. The basic granulite dykes have low contents of REE with a smooth distribution pattern and a general decrease from LREE to HREE. The revival of basic magmatism during post D1 and D2 at Maruturu reveals that extensional set-up recurs in the EGGB. The basic granulites of Maruturu are correlated with Proterozoic metabasic dykes in East Antarctica and Western Australia. The 1300 Ma basic granulites reported in Maruturu and Rayagada in the vicinity of Maruturu indicate that these intrusive basic bodies are coeval with the dyking events in Eastern Albany Mobile Belt in Western Australia and Vestfold Hill Block in Prydz Bay region in East Anatarctica.Keywords
Petrology, Geochemistry, Basic Granulite, Mineral Compositions, Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt, Andhra Pradesh.- Basinal and Structural Appraisal of Magnetic Data of Chattisgarh Region, Central India
Authors
1 Plot No 12, Vtkaspuu, S R Nagat (Post), Hyderabad 500 038, IN
2 Department of Geophysics, Banaias Hindu University Varanasi 221005, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 63, No 3 (2004), Pagination: 323-335Abstract
The Chattisgarh Basin ot the Ccntial Indian Piecambnan Shield is one of the Puiana basins of Meso to Neopioteiozoic age which has not been geophysically investigated in good detail so far Under the Deep Continental Studies Pioject, two regional magnetic piofiies over a stietch of 382 and 403 km acioss the Chattisgaih legion weie can led out fot the fust time in ncai east west and noith south dnections respectivelyThe Chattisgaih Basin lecoided a bioad magnetic high compared to Sakoh Belt and Dongargaih Supergioup in the west and Sonakhan Greenstone Belt in the east which were reflected as lows on either side of the basin Two dimensional modelling of the data reveals a maximum thickness ot 3000 m toi the Chattisgaih sediments The acidic and basic volcanic locks associated with Sakohs Dongargarh, Sonakhan Greenstone belt and Kondagaon Granuhte belt weie demaicated and their geometiy decipheied The Indravati sediments along north south piofile indicate a maximum thickness of 2500 m Besides this, modelling of magnetic data also leveals the presence of possible inti usives into the Chattisgaih and Indravati sediments / basement
Based on the model lesults and available geological information an attempt is made to study the natuie of the uppei ciust beneath die Chattisgarh basin It appeals that the detritus to the basin sediments is derived fiom the basic locks in the centie, aiound Raipur while the peripheries are of gtanitic / acidic natuie indicating a ring type stiuctuie.
Keywords
Geophysics Magnetic Modelling, Ciustal Structuie, Pioterozoic Chattisgarh Region.- Insitu Rock Conductivity Measurement - EM Approach
Authors
1 Centre of Exploration Geophysics, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
2 BHP Pvt LTd, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 61, No 6 (2003), Pagination: 685-692Abstract
Insitu electrical conductivity measurements were made over Deccan Traps using EM38 ground conductivity meter The equipment is a light weight dipole - dipole system wIth a coil separation of 1 m utilizing a frequency of 146KHz The measurements were made over chosen lava flow Units viz, compact basalt, amygdaloidal basalt and redbole The statistical analysis shows that (1) the mean resistivity of amygdaloldal basalt is 38 Ωm (range 25-42 Ωm), (2) the mean resistivity of the compact basalt under whIch a thm redbole is present is 113 Ωm, (range 105 - 131 Ωm), (3) the mean resistivity of red bole which is present under the compact basalt is 11 Ωm (range 10-13 Ωm) and (4) all the lnsitu resistivities show lognormal dIstnbution.The EM approach conductivity values (converted to resistivity values) compare well with the earher reported mwu resistivity values usmg DC resistivity measurements (Sathyamurthy, 1985) However, the values of the resistivity obtamed on bulk samples In the laboratory show markedly higher values Synthetic MT/CSAMT data generated using the insitu resistivity values obtamed via EM approach is utilized to estimate the errors In the Inverted geoelectnc parameters of resistivity and thickness.
Keywords
EM Conductivity, Insitu Rocks, Deccan Traps.- Georeferenced Soil Information System: Assessment of Database
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1400-1419Abstract
Land-use planning is a decision-making process that facilitates the allocation of land to different uses that provide optimal and sustainable benefit. As land-use is shaped by society-nature interaction, in land-use planning different components/facets play a significant role involving soil, water, climate, animal (ruminant/ non-ruminant) and others, including forestry and the environment needed for survival of mankind. At times these components are moderated by human interference. Thus land-use planning being a dynamic phenomenon is not guided by a single factor, but by a complex system working simultaneously,which largely affects the sustainability. To address such issues a National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) on 'Georeferenced soil information system for land-use planning and monitoring soil and land quality for agriculture' was undertaken to develop threshold values of land quality parameters for land-use planning through quantitative land evaluation and crop modelling for dominant cropping systems in major agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) representing rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and deep-ischolar_mained crops in the black soil regions (BSR). To assess the impact of landuse change, threshold land quality indicator values are used. A modified AESR map for agricultural landuse planning is generated for effective land-use planning.Keywords
Agriculture, Georeferenced Soil Information System, Land-Use Planning, Spatial Database.- Development of Soil and Terrain Digital Database for Major Food-Growing Regions of India for Resource Planning
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi, 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
11 ISRIC, Wageningen, NL
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1420-1430Abstract
Soil information system in SOTER (soil and terrain digital database) framework is developed for the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and black soil regions (BSR) of India with the help of information from 842 georeferenced soil profiles including morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils in addition to the site characteristics and climatic information. The database has information from 82 climatic stations that can be linked with the other datasets. The information from this organized database can be easily retrieved for use and is compatible with the global database. The database can be updated with recent and relevant data as and when they are available. The database has many applications such as inputs for refinement of agroecological regions and sub-regions, studies on carbon sequestration, land evaluation and land (crop) planning, soil erosion, soil quality, carbon and crop modelling and other climate change related research. This warehouse of information in a structured framework can be used as a data bank for posterity.Keywords
Black Soil Region, Database, Indo-Gangetic Plains, SOTER.- Soil Information System: Use and Potentials in Humid and Semi-Arid Tropics
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1550-1564Abstract
The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members of the National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP, Component 4) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. These researches have helped develop a soil information system (SIS). In view of the changing scenario all over the world, the need of the hour is to get assistance from a host of researchers specialized in soils, crops, geology, geography and information technology to make proper use of the datasets. Equipped with the essential knowledge of data storage and retrieval for management recommendations, these experts should be able to address the issues of land degradation, biodiversity, food security, climate change and ultimately arrive at an appropriate agricultural land-use planning. Moreover, as the natural resource information is an essential prerequisite for monitoring and predicting global environmental change with special reference to climate and land use options, the SIS needs to be a dynamic exercise to accommodate temporal datasets, so that subsequently it should result in the evolution of the soil information technology. The database developed through this NAIP would serve as an example of the usefulness of the Consortium and the research initiative of ICAR involving experts from different fields to find out the potentials of the soils of humid and semi-arid bioclimatic systems of the country.Keywords
Agricultural Land-Use Planning, Humid and Semi-Arid Tropics, Soil Information System, Soil Information Technology, Temporal Datasets.- Pedotransfer Functions: A Tool for Estimating Hydraulic Properties of Two Major Soil Types of India
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1431-1439Abstract
In recent years, georeferenced soil information system has gained significance in agricultural land-use planning and monitoring the changes in soil properties/ soil quality induced by land-use changes. The spatiotemporal information on saturated hydraulic conductivity (sHC) and soil water retention-release behaviour is essential for proper crop and land-use planning. The sHC greatly influences the drainage process and soil water retention-release behaviour, ultimately affecting the crop growth and yield. However, sHC and water retention are not measured in a routine soil survey and are generally estimated from easily measurable soil parameters through pedotransfer functions (PTFs). In the present study, PTFs for sHC and water retention were developed separately for the soils of two food-growing zones of India (the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil region (BSR)). For the IGP soils, sHC is affected by the increased subsoil bulk density due to intensive cultivation. In BSR, presence of Na+ and Mg++ ions affects the drainage and water retention of the soils. Therefore, these soil parameters were considered while developing the PTFs using stepwise regression technique in SPSS. The validation of PTFs was found to be satisfactory with low RMSE values and high model efficiency.Keywords
Model Efficiency, Pedotransfer Functions, Regression Analysis, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Retention.- Natural Resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains: A Land-Use Planning Perspective
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 440 010, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1537-1549Abstract
Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight the issues that need to be tackled in near future for sustained agricultural productivity. There are intraregional variations in soil properties, cropping systems; status of land usage, groundwater utilization and irrigation development which vary across the subregions besides demographies. Framework for land use policy is suggested that includes acquisition of farm-level data, detailing capability of each unit to support a chosen land use, assess infrastructural support required to meet the projected challenges and finally develop skilled manpower to effectively monitor the dynamics of land use changes.Keywords
Agricultural Productivity, Land Use Planning, Natural Resources, Soil Properties and Soil Management.- Soil Physical Quality of the Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region
Authors
1 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 023, IN
2 2Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1440-1451Abstract
Understanding the physical quality of soil that influences its hydraulic behaviour helps in formulating appropriate water management strategies for sustainable crop production. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is a key factor governing the hydraulic properties of soils. Ks can be estimated through various techniques. In the present article we have developed and validated the regression models to predict Ks of the soils of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil regions (BSR) under different bioclimatic systems. While particle size distribution was found to be a key factor to predict Ks of the BSR soils, organic carbon was found useful for the IGP soils. Moreover, the models for Ks of both soils were strengthened by putting in CaCO3 and exchangeable sodium percentage content. It seems there is ample scope to study the interaction process for revising Ks to desired levels through management practices in these two important food-growing zones. An index of soil physical quality, derived from the inflection points of the soil moisture characteristic curves could well explain the impact of management practices on soil physical quality.Keywords
Index, Management, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Soil Physical Quality.- Impacts of Bioclimates, Cropping Systems, Land Use and Management on the Cultural Microbial Population in Black Soil Regions of India
Authors
1 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
7 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1452-1463Abstract
The present study documents the biological properties of the black soil region (BSR) of India in terms of culturable microbial population. Besides surface microbial population, subsurface population of individual soil horizons is described to improve the soil information system. An effort has been made to study the depth-wise distribution and factors (bioclimates, cropping systems, land use, management practices and soil properties) influencing the microbial population in the soils of the selected benchmark spots representing different agro-ecological sub-regions of BSR. The microbial population declined with depth and maximum activity was recorded within 0-30 cm soil depth. The average microbial population (log10 cfu g-1) in different bioclimates is in decreasing order of SHm > SHd > Sad > arid. Within cropping systems, legumebased system recorded higher microbial population (6.12 log10 cfu g-1) followed by cereal-based system (6.09 log10 cfu g-1). The mean microbial population in different cropping systems in decreasing order is legume > cereal > sugarcane > cotton. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) microbial population has been recorded in high management (6.20 log10 cfu g-1) and irrigated agrosystems (6.33 log10 cfu g-1) compared to low management (6.12 log10 cfu g-1) and rainfed agrosystems (6.17 log10 cfu g-1). The pooled analysis of data inclusive of bioclimates, cropping systems, land use, management practices, and edaphic factors indicates that microbial population is positively influenced by clay, fine clay, water content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and base saturation, whereas bulk density, pH, calcium carbonate and exchangeable magnesium percentage have a negative effect on the microbial population.Keywords
Agro-Ecological Sub-Regions, Benchmark Spots, Black Soil Regions, Principal Component Analysis, Soil Microbial Population.- Revisiting Agro-Ecological Sub-Regions of India - A Case Study of Two Major Food Production Zones
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 03, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
8 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat 785 004, IN
9 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
12 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat 785 004
13 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1519-1536Abstract
The sustenance of food and nutritional security are the major challenges of the 21st century. The domestic food production needs to increase per annum at the rate of 2% for cereals and 0.6% for oilseeds and pulses to meet the demand by 2030. The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil regions (BSR) are the two major food production zones of the country. Since irrigation potential is limited and expansion of irrigated area is tardy, rainfed agriculture holds promise to satisfy future food needs. Frontline demonstrations of these two regions have shown that there is a large gap at the farmers' and achievable levels of yields. This gap can be filled by adopting scientific approach of managing the natural resources. There is tremendous pressure of biotic and abiotic stresses hindering the crop production and that warrants for a systematic appraisal of natural resources. The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) divided the country into 60 agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) in 1994 by superimposing maps on natural resources like soils, climate and length of growing period (LGP) for crops and other associated parameters. With the passage of nearly two decades and the advent of modern facilities of database management and improved knowledge base on natural resources, a need was felt to revise the existing AESR map to reach near the ground reality of crop performance. The new database stored in soil and terrain digital database (SOTER) has helped in modifying the AESR delineations of the BSR (76.4 m ha) and the IGP (52.01 m ha). The estimated available water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity and use of pedo-transfer functions in assessing the drainage conditions and soil quality have helped in computing with improved precision the LGP, and revise the earlier AESRs in BSR and IGP areas. This innovative exercise will be useful for the future AESR-based agricultural land use planning.Keywords
Agro-Ecological Sub-Regions, Food Production Zones, Land-Use Planning, Length of Growing Period.- Impacts of Agro-Climates and Land Use Systems on Culturable Microbial Population in Soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India
Authors
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
2 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
10 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1464-1469Abstract
Comprehensive reports on land-use changes and their impact on soil biological properties, specifically microbial population in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, are lacking. Since IGP is the most fertile land, data on microbial population of IGP may contribute towards the evaluation of various soil quality parameters, disease suppression, organic matter decomposition, plant growth promotion and soil management pattern. To enhance our knowledge on culturable microbial populations in different soil horizons of the agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) in the IGP, a study has been undertaken to collect soil samples from the established benchmark (BM) spots of these plains with an objective to investigate the impacts of bioclimates, soil depth, cropping systems, land use systems and management practices on the distribution of culturable microbial population. Bacterial : fungal ratios are significantly different across the land use types. The bacterial and fungal populations are strongly and negatively correlated with soil depth and maximum microbial population (40%) exists in the surface horizon (0-30 cm) than in the subsurface horizon (121-150 cm). Generally, bacterial populations are higher than actinomycetes and fungal populations in all soil profiles of the IGP. Approximately 10% decrease in Shannon diversity index has been observed with increase of 30 cm depth and 89% fall between surface and subsurface profiles. Non-significant difference in microbial population (P < 0.05) is noticed across the management and land use systems. Sub-humid (moist) bioclimatic system recorded higher microbial population than sub-humid (dry) and semi-arid bioclimatic systems. Legume-based cropping system has higher microbial population than cereal or vegetable-based cropping.Keywords
Agro-Ecosystems, Microbial Population, Land Use Type, Soil Depth.- InfoCrop-Cotton Simulation Model - Its Application in Land Quality Assessment for Cotton Cultivation
Authors
1 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 103, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
10 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
12 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033
13 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1512-1518Abstract
Crop simulation models have emerged as powerful tools for estimating yield gaps, forecasting production of agricultural crops and analysing the impact of climate change. In this study, the genetic coefficients for Bt hybrids established from field experiments were used in the InfoCrop-cotton model, which was calibrated and validated earlier to simulate the cotton production under different agro-climatic conditions. The model simulated results for Bt hybrids were satisfactory with an R2 value of 0.55 (n = 22), d value of 0.85 and a ischolar_main mean square error of 277 kg ha-1, which was 11.2% of the mean observed. Relative yield index (RYI) defined as the ratio between simulated rainfed (water-limited) yield to potential yield, was identified as a robust land quality index for rainfed cotton. RYI was derived for 16 representative benchmark (BM) locations of the black soil region from long-term simulation results of InfoCrop-cotton model (based on 11-40 years of weather data). The model could satisfactorily capture subtle differences in soil variables and weather patterns prevalent in the BM locations spread over 16 agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) resulting in a wide range of mean simulated rainfed cotton yields (482-4393 kg ha-1). The BM soils were ranked for their suitability for cotton cultivation based on RYI. The RYI of black soils (vertisols) ranged from 0.07 in Nimone to 0.80 in Panjari representing AESR (6.1) and AESR (10.2) respectively, suggesting that Panjri soils are better suited for rainfed cotton.Keywords
Bt Cotton, Land Quality, Relative Yield Index, Simulation Model.- Soil and Land Quality Indicators of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, US
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1470-1486Abstract
Sustaining soil and land quality under intensive land use and fast economic development is a major challenge for improving crop productivity in the developing world. Assessment of soil and land quality indicators is necessary to evaluate the degradation status and changing trends of different land use and management interventions. During the last four decades, the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) which covers an area of about 52.01 m ha has been the major food producing region of the country. However at present, the yield of crops in IGP has stagnated; one of the major reasons being deterioration of soil and land quality. The present article deals with the estimation of soil and land quality indicators of IGP, so that, proper soil and land management measures can be taken up to restore and improve the soil health. Use of principal component analysis is detailed to derive the minimum dataset or indicators for soil quality. The article also describes spatial distribution of soil and land quality with respect to major crops of IGP.Keywords
Land Quality Index, Principal Component Analysis, Soil Quality and Health.- Land Evaluation for Major Crops in the Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Regions Using Fuzzy Model
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1502-1511Abstract
Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluation procedures focus increasingly on the use of quantitative procedures to enhance the qualitative interpretation of land resource surveys. Conventional Boolean retrieval of soil survey data and logical models for assessing land suitability, treat both spatial units and attribute value ranges as exactly specifiable quantities. They ignore the continuous nature of soil and landscape variation and uncertainties in measurement, which may result in the failure to correctly classify sites that just fail to match strictly defined requirements. The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy model to land suitability evaluation for major crops in the 15 benchmark sites of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and 17 benchmark sites of the black soil regions (BSR). Minimum datasets of land characteristics considered relevant to rice and wheat in the IGP and cotton and soybean in the BSR were identified to enhance pragmatic value of land evaluation. The use of fuzzy model is intuitive, robust and helpful for land suitability evaluation and classification, especially in applications in which subtle differences in land characteristics are of a major interest, such as development of threshold values of land characteristics.Keywords
Benchmark Sites, Fuzzy Model, Land Evaluation, Minimum Datasets.- Impact of Management Levels and Land-Use Changes on Soil Properties in Rice-Wheat Cropping System of the Indo-Gangetic Plains
Authors
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1487-1501Abstract
Five benchmark soils, namely Fatehpur (Punjab) and Haldi (Uttarakhand) non-sodic soils, Zarifa Viran (Haryana), Sakit and Itwa sodic soils (Uttar Pradesh) representing Trans, Upper, Middle and Central Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) were revisited for studying the morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils at low and high management levels to monitor changes in soil properties due to the impact of landuse as well as management levels. The results indicate an increase in bulk density (BD) below the plough layer, and build up of organic carbon (OC) and decline in pH in surface layers of Zarifa Viran, Sakit and Itwa sodic soils under high management. The concentration of carbonates and bicarbonates in sodic soils decreased due to adaptation of rice-wheat system. The build-up of OC and decrease of pH in surface soils under rice- wheat system enhanced the soil health. Increase in BD in subsurface soils, however, is a cause of concern for sustaining rice-wheat cropping system. Soil management interventions such as tillage, conservation agriculture and alternate cropping system have been suggested for improved soil health and productivity.Keywords
Benchmark Soil, Bulk Density, Land-Use Changes, Rice–Wheat System, Soil Properties.- Site-Specific Land Resource Inventory for Scientific Planning of Sujala Watersheds in Karnataka
Authors
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, R.C. Bengaluru - 560 024, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Amravati Road, Nagpur - 440 033, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 644-652Abstract
Land resource inventory for site-specific planning and development of watersheds on scientific basis under Sujala-III project sponsored by the Watershed Development Department of Karnataka and funded by the World Bank is being implemented in 11 districts covering 9.66 lakh ha across 2531 microwatersheds benefiting 7.02 lakh households in the state. The analysis and interpretation of the spatial and non-spatial database generated so far in 1600 microwatersheds covering 5 lakh ha has revealed that most of the watersheds suffer from major problems. In many watersheds, soil erosion and alkalinity affected even up to 75% of the watershed area, thus reducing the production potential and crop choices. The soils are either moderately or highly suited for growing most of the agricultural and horticultural crops. By interfacing land resource data with RS, GIS and GPS, different management scenarios were analysed to arrive at the best management alternatives (optimum land use plans) that would be most suitable. This data handling system will be useful for making land use decisions and providing proactive advice to farmers on a real time basis protecting the health of natural resources.Keywords
Digital Library, Land Resource Inventory, Land Resources Portal, Land Resource Database Analysis and Interpretaion, Sujala-III Project.References
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- Surface Soil and Subsoil Acidity in Natural and Managed Land-Use Systems in the Humid Tropics of Peninsular India
Authors
1 Regional Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 673 012, IN
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Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1201-1211Abstract
Natural forests and managed plantations constitute the largest land-use systems in the humid tropics of southwestern parts of Peninsular India comprising the Western Ghats and coastal plain. Soils therein are naturally acidic and the acidity is enhanced in managed land-use systems through inputs of chemical fertilizers. Plant nutrient deficiencies and mineral toxicities constrain crop production in acid soils. Surface soil and subsoil acidity in forest, coffee, rubber and coconut land-use systems was evaluated. The spatial pattern of surface soil and subsoil acidity pointed to low intensity of acidification in Malnad region of Karnataka, moderate acidity in northern Kerala and strong acidity in southern Kerala. Among the land-use systems studied, soils under natural forests and coffee plantations were only slightly acidic in surface soil and subsoil, whereas rubber- and coconut-growing soils were strongly acidic. Both natural and managed land-use systems, however, had strongly acid reaction in surface soil and subsoil in southern Kerala. Biomass production and crop yield are constrained in strongly acid soil by toxic levels of aluminium (Al) on soil exchange complex (>0.5 cmol (+) kg–1 soil) and depletion of basic cations of calcium, magnesium and potassium (base saturation less than 50% or Al saturation more than 50%). Surface soil acidity can be ameliorated by incorporating liming materials into surface soils. In case of subsoil acidity gypsum too should be incorporated. Under humid climate partial solubility of gypsum permits movement of calcium into the subsoil layers, wherein calcium replaces the aluminium on exchange complex and sulphate radical precipitates the aluminium by formation of aluminium sulphate.Keywords
Base Saturation, Humid Tropics, Land-Use Systems, Surface Soil and Subsoil Acidity.References
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