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- V. Hariram
- M. Rajasekaran
- M. Dinesh Kumar
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- G. John
- V. Udhayakumar
- P. Karthick
- A. Abraham Eben Andrews
- A. Arunraja
- T. Micha Premkumar
- Penchala Tharun
- R. Prakash
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Seralathan, S.
- Effect of Metallic Nano-Additives on Combustion Performance and Emissions of DI CI Engine Fuelled with Palmkernel Methyl Ester
Abstract Views :239 |
PDF Views:124
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Science, Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Automobile Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Science, Chennai, IN
3 School of Mech. Engg., Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Science, Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Automobile Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Science, Chennai, IN
3 School of Mech. Engg., Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 9, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 103-109Abstract
Compression ignition engines are widely used due to their lower energy consumption and enhanced combustion efficiency. In this experimental investigation, the feasibility of fuelling a single cylinder 4 stroke direct injection compression ignition engine with methyl esters of palmkernel (PME) oil along with various fractions of aluminium oxide nano particles (ANOP) were analysed. Two stage transesterification process was adopted to prepare PME. PME20 blend was formulated and fused using high speed homogenizer with varying proportions of AONP as 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm in the presence of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as surfactant. The experimental investigations were conducted at rated power of 3.5kW at 1500rpm. It was noticed that supplementation of AONP affected the ignition delay significantly favouring enhanced combustion efficiency. The rate of heat release and in-cylinder pressure was substantially increased with notable reduction in ignition delay. Addition of AONP showed an increase in brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature with diminution in brake specific energy consumption. The unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and smoke density decreased sharply with an upsurge in NOx. Increase in AONP concentration up-to 100 ppm with PME20 was found to give better combustion and performance characteristics.Keywords
Palmkernel Methyl Ester, Transesterification, Nano Particle, Combustion Performance, Ignition Delay.Full Text
References
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- Y. Gan and L. Qiao. 2011. Combustion characteristics of fuel droplets with addition of nano and micron-sized aluminium particles, Combustion and Flame, 158, 354-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.005.
- C.S. Aalam and C.G. Saravanan. 2015. Effects of nano metal oxide blended Mahua biodiesel on CRDI diesel engine, Ain Shams Engg. J.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2015.09.013.
- C.S. Aalam, C.G. Saravanan and M. Kannan. 2015.Experimental investigations on a CRDI system assisted diesel engine fuelled with aluminium oxide nanoparticles blended biodiesel, Alexandria Engg. J., 54, 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.04.009.
- Anbarasu, A. Karthikeyan and M. Balaji. 2016. Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using alumina nanoparticle blended biodiesel emulsion fuel, ASME Trans. J. Energy Resources Tech., 138, 022203-6.
- R. Bharathiraja, N. Praveenkumar, K.S.Amirthagadeswaran, S. Periyasamy and K. Rameshbabu.
- Study on characteristics of CI engine using nano additive blended diesel fuel, Int. J. Applied Engg.
- Research, 10(67), 328-334.
- J.S. Basha and R.B. Anand. 2013. The influence of nano additive blended biodiesel fuels on the working characteristics of a diesel engine, J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci.Engg., 35, 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-013-0023-0.
- J.S. Basha and R.B. Anand. 2014. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using carbon nanotubes blended jatropha methyl ester emulsions, Alexandria Engg. J., 53, 259-273.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.04.001.
- A. Selvaganapthy, A Sundar, B. Kumaragurubaran and P.Gopal. 2013. An experimental investigation to study the effects of various nano particles with diesel on DI diesel engine, ARPN J. Sci. and Tech., 3 (1), 112-115.
- V.A.M. Selvan, R.B. Anand and M. Udayakumar. 2008. effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle addition in diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine, ARPN J.Engg. and Applied Sci., 4(7), 1-6.
- A.A.T. Bafghi, H. Bakhoda and F.K. Chegeni. Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle addition in diesel and dieselbiodiesel blends on the performance characteristics of a CI engine, Int. J. Mech., Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engg., 9(8), 1415-1420.
- S. Tajudeen and R. Velraj. 2014. Nanoadditives: enhancement of combustion and performance characteristics of a CI diesel engine, Int. J. Applied Environmental Sci., 9(4), 1727-1741.
- J.S. Basha and R.B. Anand. 2011. Role of nanoadditive blended biodiesel emulsion fuel on the working characteristics of a diesel engine, J. Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 3, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3575169.
- V. Hariram, S. Seralathan, M. Dineshkumar, S.Vasanthaseelan and M. Sabareesh. 2016. Analyzing the fatty acid methyl esters profile of palmkernel biodiesel using GC/MS, NMR and FTIR techniques, 9(4), 3122-3128.
- V. Hariram and R.V. Shangar. 2015. Influence of compression ratio on combustion and performance characteristics of direct injection compression ignition engine, Alexandria Engg. J., 54, 807-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.06.007.
- A. Selvaganapthy, B. Sundar, P. Kumaragurubaran and Gopal. 2013. An experimental investigation to study the effects of various nanoparticles with diesel on DI diesel engine, APRN J. Sci. Tech., 3(1), 112-115.
- D. Wook Oh, A. Jain, J.K. Eaton, K.E. Goodson and J.S.Lee. 2008. Thermal conductivity measurement and sedimentation detection of aluminium oxide nanofluids by using the 3ω method, Int. J. Heat & Fluid Flow, 29, 1456-1461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2008.04.007.
- Formulation and Characterization of Pyrolytic Oil from Waste Tyre and Waste Plastic:A Comparative Study
Abstract Views :107 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Automobile Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Automobile Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 16, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 1183-1188Abstract
Elimination of solid waste generated by the engineering sector is the need of the present world. In this study, a comparative analysis has been made to formulate a petro-diesel like fuel from the waste tyre (WTPO) and waste plastic (WPPO), which is derived from unusable tyre and plastic waste materials, by the thermal pyrolytic reaction. A pyrolysis reactor is designed and fabricated to transform the solid waste into the pyrolytic oil through thermal cracking. The characterization of WTPO and WPPO is carried out using the gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infra-red and elemental analysis. The GC-MS analysis of both WPTO and WPPO indicated the presence of naphtha and limonene compounds at higher concentration levels. The content of sulphur in WTPO is at higher level. The physico-chemical properties are also determined based on IS:1448 and it is found to be comparable with the commercial petro-diesel.Keywords
Pyrolytic Oil, Solid Waste, Waste Tyre, Waste Plastic.Full Text
- Effect of DEE Oxygenate on Diesel in Algal Biodiesel-Diesel Blends on the Combustion Phenomenon of DI Compression Ignition Engines
Abstract Views :207 |
PDF Views:95
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Automobile Engg., Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Automobile Engg., Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 10, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 46-53Abstract
Biodiesel derived from Stoechospermum marginatum is analysed in a CI engine to understand its feasibility to be used as fuel. In this study, Soxhlet extraction method was applied to extract the bio oil from the brown sea weed (S. Marginatum) with n-hexane as solvent. Considering the low FFA content through titration, base single stage transesterification process with methanol and NaOH at molar ratio of 8:1 is used and it yielded 84.5% of bio diesel. The test fuel is prepared with processed algae bio diesel and Di-Ethyl Ether in different blend ratios namely D80AB20, D70AB20DEE10 and D60AB20DEE20. The variation in combustion aspects are evaluated with constant concentration of algal bio diesel at 20% with variation in diesel and oxygenate concentrations. Consequential variation is observed in the combustion behaviour of CI engine on fuelling with test fuels. Comparable in-cylinder pressure is observed in bio-diesel blends and oxygenated blends. D70AB20DEEE10 exhibits superior heat release rate and pressure rise at all loads. The peak in-cylinder pressure and variation in ignition delay are also analysed in this study.Keywords
Compression Ignition Engines, Stoechospermum Marginatum, Algae Biodiesel, Oxygenate, Combustion.Full Text
- Injection Timing Variation and its Influence on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics on a Direct Injection CI Engine
Abstract Views :210 |
PDF Views:119
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg, Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Automobile Engg., Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg, Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Automobile Engg., Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 10, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 54-59Abstract
The present experimental investigation aims at improving the combustion and performance parameters by varying the injection timing. A 3.5 kW single cylinder stationary CI engine equipped with eddy current dynamometer is used in this investigation. The static injection timing is varied using spill method by an advancement and retirement of 2 CAD with respect to standard injection timing of 23 °BTDC. On comparison with the standard injection timing, the brake thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, mean gas temperature and rate of pressure rise are found to increase along with a significant decrease in brake specific fuel consumption for an advanced injection timing of 21 °BTDC. Negative improvement is observed with respect to retarded injection timing of 25 °BTDC. Optimum parameters for enhanced engine performance is found to be 21°BTDC injection timing with a 200 bar injection pressure at rated speed.Keywords
Injection Timing Variation, In-Cylinder Pressure, Net Heat Release, Mean Gas Temperature.Full Text
- Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Oxygenated Jojoba Biodiesel-Diesel Blends in Direct Injection CI Engines
Abstract Views :205 |
PDF Views:100
Authors
V. Hariram
1,
V. Udhayakumar
1,
P. Karthick
1,
A. Abraham Eben Andrews
1,
A. Arunraja
1,
S. Seralathan
1,
T. Micha Premkumar
1
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 10, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 423-432Abstract
Scarcity and inflated cost of petroleum reserves along with environmental pollution concerns urged the researchers to identify a better alternative source of eco-friendly bio-energy. In this study, oxygenated biodiesel derived from Jojoba oil was used in a compression ignition engine to analyse the engine characteristics in the presence of multi-walled carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) at 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm concentrations. Taguchi’s approach based experimentation identified the stability of modified fuel blends ratios of n-butanol, biodiesel and MWCNT. The Jojoba biodiesel was characterized using FTIR and GC MS techniques to understand the presence of fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesel. Higher brake thermal efficiency and significant reduction in specific fuel consumption were observed in fuel blend with MWCNT. D70JJBD20O10CNT100 showed higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate due to micro-explosion of carbon nanotubes at full load condition. The ignition delay was also significantly affected with the addition of MWCNT. The exhaust emission like un-burned hydrocarbon, oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke exhibited noticeable variations with the modified fuel blends.Keywords
Biodiesel, Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes, N-Butanol, Performance, Combustion, Emission.Full Text
References
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- B. Tesfa, R. Mishra, C. Zhang, F. Gu and A.D. Ball. 2013. Combustion and performance characteristics of CI (compression ignition) engine running with biodiesel, Energy, 51, 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.010.
- K. Anand, R.P. Sharma and P.S. Mehta. 2011. Experimental investigation on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of neat karanja biodiesel and its methanol blend in a diesel engine, Biomass and Bioenergy, 35, 533-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.10.005.
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- A.I.E. Seesy, A.K.A. Rahman, M. Bady and S. Ookawara. 2017. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by biodieseldiesel mixtures with multi-walled carbon nanotubes additives, Energy Conversion & Management, 135, 373-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.12.090.
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- M.Y.E. Selim. 2009. Reducing the viscosity of jojoba methyl ester diesel fuel and effects on diesel engine performance and roughness, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1781-1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.enconman.2009.03.012.
- T. Shaafi, K. Sairam, A. Gopinath, G. Kumaresan and R. Velraj. 2015. Effect of dispersion of various nano additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and blends A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 563-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.086.
- V. Hariram, V. Pradhap, S. Seralathan, R. Jaganathan, J.G. John and M. Rajasekaran. 2018. Effect of DEE oxygenate on diesel in algal biodiesel-diesel blends on the combustion phenomenon of di compression ignition engine, Int. J. Vehicle Structures and Systems, 8(1), 4653. https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.10.1.11.
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- E.G. Varuvel, N. Mrad, M. Tazerout and F. Aloui. 2012. Experimental analysis of biofuel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, Applied Energy, 94, 224-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.01.067.
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- N.E. Boulifi, M. Sanchez, M. Martinez and J. Aracil. 2015. Fatty acid alkyl esters and monounsaturated alcohols production from jojoba oil using short-chain alcohols for bio refinery concepts, Industrial Crops and Products, 69, 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop .2015.02.031.
- M.Y.E. Selim. 2009. Reducing the viscosity of jojoba methyl ester diesel fuel and effects on diesel engine performance and roughness, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1781-1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.03.012.
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- M.Y.E. Selim. 2009. Reducing the viscosity of jojoba methyl ester diesel fuel and effects on diesel engine performance and roughness, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1781-1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.03.012
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- Influence of Carbon Nano-tube on Combustion, Performance and Emission Parameters of DI CI Engine Fuelled with Blends of Lemongrass Biodiesel
Abstract Views :195 |
PDF Views:96
Authors
V. Hariram
1,
Penchala Tharun
1,
S. Seralathan
1,
A. Abraham Eben Andrews
1,
P. Karthick
1,
A. Arunraja
1,
T. Micha Premkumar
1
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 10, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 433-442Abstract
In the present investigation, bio-oil is extracted from lemongrass through steam distillation process, Single stage trans esterification using methanol and potassium hydroxide at molar ration of 1:8 yielded lemongrass biodiesel. The biodiesel was characterized using Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry and Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry analysis and found to have Behenic and Stearic acid in prominent proportions. The cetane number and calorific value was enhanced by ultrasonicating carbon Nano-tubes at various proportions. Kirloskar TV1 compression ignition engine coupled with eddy current dynamometer was employed to analyse the combustion, performance and emission characteristics. Addition of carbon Nano-tubes significantly affected the ignition delay and combustion duration. D80LGB20CNT100 fuel blend exhibited higher in-cylinder pressure up to 65.144 bars along with enhanced rate of heat release upto 73.953 kJ/kg at full load condition. Higher brake thermal efficiency with notable reduction in unburned hydrocarbon and smoke was seen with elevated levels of carbon-monoxide and oxides of nitrogen.Keywords
Lemongrass Biodiesel, Carbon Nano-Tube, Transesterification, Combustion, Performance, Emission.Full Text
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- Production of Biodiesel from Eucalyptus Tereticornis and its Effect on Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engines
Abstract Views :227 |
PDF Views:98
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Dept. of Aero. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Dept. of Aero. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 10, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 443-452Abstract
In the present investigation, bio-oil from Eucalyptus teriticornisis is extracted through steam distillation process. The effect of esterified bio-oil is analysed in a single cylinder compression ignition engine. For this purpose, Eucalyptus biodiesel is prepared by transesterification process with methanol and NaOH as catalyst under variable parameters. The performance, combustion and emission features of a four stroke diesel engine were investigated using methyl ester of eucalyptus biodiesel (EBD100) and its blend with 50% diesel (D50-EBD50). The test outcome reveals that there is marginal increase in brake thermal efficiency and slight drop in brake specific fuel consumption for biodiesel fuel when compared to that of mineral diesel fuel. The use of this biodiesel resulted in decreased emission of Hydrocarbons and Carbon monoxide and higher emission of Nitrogen oxide and Carbon dioxide at part loads. EBD100 exhibits similar heat release rate and lower in-cylinder pressure compared to that of the diesel fuel at same loads.Keywords
Biodiesel, Transesterification, Combustion, Eucalyptus Tereticornis, Emission.Full Text
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- Biodiesel Production from Pongamia Pinnata and its Characterization using GC-MS, NMR and FT-IR Spectral Studies
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:97
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Auto. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Dept. of Auto. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 10, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 453-457Abstract
Biodiesel synthesis from the pongamia oil seed and its characterization is elaborated in this paper. A double stage transesterification i.e. acid catalysed transesterification and base catalysed esterification are adopted to reduce the free fatty acids content and conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters. In this process, H2SO4, NaOH and methanol are used at the methanol/oil molar ratio of 7:1. By this process, 95% of pongamia biodiesel is obtained. The physiochemical properties like calorific value, Cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point etc. are analysed and it is found to be within the ASTM standards. GC-MS analysis indicated the existence of 14 prominent fatty acids with oleic acid as the major constituent. 13C and 1H NMR results supported the GC-MS data and it also confirmed the conversion efficiency of converting the vegetable oil into PBD as 87.23%. The shifting and appearance of major peaks in the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of FAMEs from the triglycerides.Keywords
Biodiesel, Pongamia Pinnata, Transesterification, GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR.Full Text
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- Improvement of Poisson’s Ratio using Carbon Nanotubes Reinforcement for Laminated Sandwich Plate
Abstract Views :447 |
PDF Views:152
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Aeronautical Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
1 Dept. of Aeronautical Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 11, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 74-78Abstract
The focus of this study is to improve the material properties like Poisson's ratio and flexural strength of a sandwich plate by adding carbon nanotubes. A comparative analysis is carried out between sandwich plate with and without addition of carbon nanotubes. Nastran / Patran are the main tools used for this analysis. The experimental work focuses on the behaviour of the sandwich plate while applying tensile and compressive loads. The reduction of displacement in orthogonal sides under compressive stress and tensile stress are observed for carbon nanotubes enriched sandwich plate. This is due to increased face sheet relative difference of lateral strain with longitudinal strain. It is also observed that the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes enriched sandwich plate are enhanced in comparison to sandwich plate without carbon nanotubes. It is found that, for feasible applications, the sandwich plate enhanced with carbon nanotubes, possess greater face sheet relative difference of lateral strain with longitudinal strain. It is concluded that the Poisson’s ratio for the sandwich panel enriched with carbon nanotubes is advantageous than sandwich panel without carbon nanotubes.Keywords
Carbon Nanotubes, Sandwich Plate, Poisson’s Ratio, Mechanical Properties.Full Text
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