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Jayaraj, S.

• Optimization of Esters of Nerium Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine

Abstract Views :450  |  PDF Views:122

Authors

S. Prabhakar ¹, V. N. Banugopan ¹, K. Annamalai ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 170-172

Abstract

The methyl and ethyl esters of vegetable oils, known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine. In the present work, methyl and ethyl esters of nerium oil were prepared by transesterification using both methanol and ethanol. However, viscosity of ethyl esters of nerium oil (EEON) was slightly higher than that of methyl esters of nerium oil (MEON). A single cylinder stationary kirloskar engine is used to compare the Performance and Emission and Combustion characteristics between pure diesel and nerium blends. The nerium oil blends are in percentage of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of nerium oil to 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 0% of diesel. Results show that methyl esters of nerium oil (MEON) produced slightly higher efficiency than ethyl esters of nerium oil (EEON). Exhaust emissions and Combustion characteristics of methyl esters of nerium oil (MEON) were also higher than ethyl esters of nerium oil (EEON). Hence methyl and ethyl esters of nerium blend can be used in existing diesel engines without compromising the engine performance.

Keywords

Transesterification, Methyl Esters, Ethyl Esters, Nerium Oil

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References

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• Jhon B Heywood (1988) Internal combustion engine fundamentals. McGraw –Hill, International Eds., Automotive technology series.
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• Murugasen A Experimental and theoretical investigation of using biodiesel in diesel engines. Ph.D., Thesis. Anna University, Chennai.
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• Puhan S, Jegan R, Balasubbramanian K and Nagarajan G (2008) Effect of injection pressure on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of high linolenic linseed oil methyl ester in a DI diesel engine. Renew. Energy. pp1–7.

• Particle Deposition from Natural Convection Flow through a Parallel Plate Channel with Axial Heat Sources Including Variable Properties and Brownian Diffusion Effect

Abstract Views :527  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

K.K. Dinesh ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Caledonian College of Engineering, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, OM
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode-673601, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Research, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 61-84

Abstract

Present paper deals with estimation of particle deposition rate from natural convection flow through a parallel plate channel. Brownian diffusion effect is incorporated in addition to convection and thermophoresis. Variation of properties is taken into account by property ratio method. Effect of axial heating and wall step heating on thermophoretic velocity and particle concentration within the flow domain analysed. Governing equations are solved using finite difference marching technique. Higher uniform particle deposition is obtained for axial heating along with step heating of wall.

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References

• J.R. Bodoia and J.F. Osterle, The Development of Free Convection between Heated Vertical Plates, J. Heat Transfer, 84 (1962), 40-44.
• K.K. Dinesh and S. Jayaraj, Thermophoretic augmentation of particle deposition in natural convection flow through a parallel plate channel, Heat Mass Transfer, 44 (2008), 1519-1527.
• N.K. Anand, L.S. Fletcher and S.H. Kim, Free convection between series of vertical parallel plates with embedded line heat sources, Transactions of the ASME, 113(1991), 108-113.
• H.M. Joshi, Transient effects in natural convection cooling of vertical parallel plates, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, 15(1988), 227-238.
• R. James Brock, On the theory of thermal forces acting on aerosol particles, Journal of Colloid Science, 17(1962), 768-780.
• B.V. Derjaguin, YaI. Rabinovich and A.I. Storozhilova, Experimental verification of the Theory of thermophoresis of aerosol particles, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 21(1966), 35-58.
• K. Greenberg, J.B. MacChesney and P.G. Simpkins, Thermophoresis: The mass transfer mechanism in modified chemical vapor deposition, J. Appl. Phys, 50(1979), 5676-5681.
• J.W. Cipolla, T..F Morse and C.Y. Wang, Laser induced natural convection and thermophoresis, Journal of Heat Transfer, 107(1985), 161-167.
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• R, Chein and W, Liao, Thermophoretic effects of nano particle deposition in channel flow, Heat and Mass Transfer, 42(2005), 71-79.
• A. Messerer, R. Niessner., U. Poschi and V. Schmatioch, Combined particle emission reduction and heat recovery from combustion exhaust- A novel approach for small wood- fired appliances.Biomass and Bioenergy, 31(2007), 512-521.
• K.K. Dinesh and S. Jayaraj, Thermophoresis in natural convection with variable properties, Heat and Mass Transfer, 34(1999), 469-475.
• K.K. Dinesh and S. Jayaraj, Augmentation of thermophoretic deposition in natural cnvection flow through a parallel plate channel with heat sources, Int.Comm.in Heat and Mass Transfer, (2009).
• K.K. Dinesh and S. Jayaraj, Thermophoretic augmentation of particle deposition by laser heating in natural convection flow through a parallel plate channel with variable properties, Int. J. Applied Engineering Research, (2009).

• Combined Action of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and Neem Bitter against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Larvae

Abstract Views :244  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, B. Rajasekaran ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 11, No 1&2 (1997), Pagination: 5-9

Abstract

Laboratory experiments showed that neem bitter (0.1%), an ethanol-soluble concentrate of neem oil cake when combined with nuclear polyhedrosis virus [5×10⁵ polyhedral occlusion bodies (POBs/ml)] along with crude sugar (1%) caused a significantly higher mortality of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae. The NPV-neem bitter-crude sugar combination recorded the shortest LT_50. The enhanced action was seen even at a lower dose of neem bitter (0.025%) with NPV (1×10⁵ POBs/ml) and crude sugar (1%). Without crude sugar, the NPV-neem bitter combination was not effective in increasing the mortality. The larval weight and growth rate were significantly reduced in NPV-neem combination.

Keywords

Neem Bitter, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Spodoptera litura.

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• Management of Helicoverpa armigera with Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus on Cotton Using Different Spray Equipment and Adjuvants

Abstract Views :233  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 34-36

Abstract

Results of a field experiment on the control of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. on cotton with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) at a dose of 3×10¹² polyhedral occlusion bodies/ha using different spray equipment revealed that significant control of the pest and its damage to squares and bolls could be achieved in an the treatments. Seed cotton yields in plots sprayed with the virus by all the three spray equipment were significantly higher than in control and the difference between the treatments were not significant showing that for the control of H. armigera on cotton with NPV, anyone of the spray equipment can be used. In another experiment which evaluated the efficacy of NPV applied with certain adjuvants by a mist blower, it was found that a combination of NPV with cotton seed kernel extract (2.5 kg/ha) and crude sugar (2.5 kg/ha) recorded significantly lower boll damage than NPV applied alone. The seed cotton yield in the different treatments as well as in the control however did not differ significantly.

Keywords

Helicoverpa armigera, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Spray Equipment, Adjuvants.

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• Evaluation of Certain Botanicals as Stressors of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera

Abstract Views :224  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Arivudai Nambi ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 2 (1994), Pagination: 129-130

Abstract

The gram caterpillar Helicoverpa (=Heliothis armigera) is attacked by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) (Rabindra and Subramanian, 1974). NPV is transmitted to the offsprings of host insects by vertical transmission (Hamm and Young, 1974) and often the virus can exist in the host population in occult form (Podgwaite and Mazzone, 1986). Such latent infections or occult viruses are some times activated by stress, both biotic and abiotic, resulting in the outbreak of the disease in the host insect populations (Aruga, 1963).

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• A Study on the Management of some Pests of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with Biocontrol Agents

Abstract Views :258  |  PDF Views:157

Authors

M. Kalyana Sundaram ¹, N. Dhandapani ¹, M. Swamiappan ¹, P. C. Sundara Babu ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 1-4

Abstract

Results of a field experiment conducted to compare the field efficacy of biocontrol agents with locally recommended practice of using chemical insecticides revealed that use of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (1,00,000/ha) and Chrysoperla carnea (Banks) (50,000/ha) 40 and 55 days after sowing could effectively check the population of Hellcoverpa armlgera (Bubn.) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), This was on par with insecticides. Application of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Spodoptera litura (Fb.) at 250 larval equivalents +2.5 kg crude sugar/ha could effectively control the larval population of S. litura, Pod yield was increased significantly in biocontrol plots which was on par with chemical insecticide-treated plots.

Keywords

Groundnut, Biocontrol,Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca kerri.

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• Evaluation of Certain Adjuvants as Phagostimulants and UV - Protectants of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.)

Abstract Views :219  |  PDF Views:144

Authors

M. Muthuswami ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 27-32

Abstract

Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain adjuvants possessing phagostimulant and UV-protectant properties in increasing the efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) against Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera (Hbn.), An adjuvant - mix consisting of Frenchbean/cotton seed kernel extract 10% + crude sugar 10% + glycerol 1% + egg white 1% + whitening agent (Tinopal)0.1 % was the most effective in increasing mortality due to NPV in larvae of H. armigera. Crude sugar 10% along with either Frenchbean extract 10% or cotton seed kernel extract 10% also significantly increased the NPV mortality but these were not as effective as the treatments with adjuvant - mix with full complements of the different components. Either Frenchbean or cotton seed kernel extract - based adjuvant-mix recorded significantly lower LT₅₀ values than NPV used alone. Frenchbean/cotton seed kernel extract 10% + crude sugar 10% also recorded lower LT₅₀ values than NPV alone but were higher than those recorded by NPV + full complements of adjuvant - mix. Frechbean or cotton seed kernel extract-based adjuvantmixes were able to protect the virus from UV light. The differences in mortalities between UV -exposed and unexposed were not significant in virus treatment with adjuvants.

Keywords

Adjuvants, Phagostimulants, UV - Protectants, NPV, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Influence of Lablab Bean Varieties on the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Mortality in Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.))

Abstract Views :209  |  PDF Views:115

Authors

M. Muthuswami ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 59-60

Abstract

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) has heen found to be effective in the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) on several crops (Jayaraj et al., 1989) including lablab been (Jayaraj et al., 1987). Studies on the influence of varieties of host plants on the activity of NPV are rather limited. Rabindra et al. (1992) studied the effect of different chickpea varieties on the NPV - control of H. armigera. The present study was carried out to find out the influence of lablab bean Dolichos lab lab (L.) varieties on the mortality caused by NPV in larvae of H.armigera.

Keywords

Lablab Bean, NPV, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Effect of Certain Botanicals on the Incidence of Vairimorphasp. in Helicoverpa armigeralarvae

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:143

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 61-63

Abstract

The gram pod borer Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera (Hbn) is a serious pest on crops like chickpea, pigeonpea and cotton. Recently, laboratory colonies of H.armigera were found to be infected with a microsporidian which was identified as Vairimorpha sp. (Ha strain) by Dr.W.M.Brooks of North Carolina University, U.S.A.

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• Microbial Control of Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera on Chickpea

Abstract Views :215  |  PDF Views:128

Authors

G. Santharam ¹, D. Rose Victoria ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 44-46

Abstract

Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) armigera (Hubner) is a serious pest of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in most parts of India. The larvae infest the crop almost throughout its growth phase, being low at the vegetative and flowering stages and high at the grain development stage (Yadava and Lal, 1988). In the state of Tamil Nadu, the loss caused by H.armigera to chickpea was 40 per cent in 1987-88 (Jayaraj, 1990). Rawat et al. (1979) reported 50-100 per cent loss in yield under field conditions. Several attempts have been made in the past to control the pest with chemical insecticides and also microbials. In . the present study, an attempt was made to assess the efficacy. of microbials, Bacillus thuringiensis and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of H.armigera and a chemical insecticide, endosulfan and their combinations.

Keywords

Microbial Control, Helicoverpa armigera, Chickpea, Bacillus thuringiensis var., kurstaki, Endosulfan, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.

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• Control of Sugarcane Shoot Borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen with Granulosis Virus and Cultural Practices

Abstract Views :214  |  PDF Views:128

Authors

S. Parameswaran ¹, P. C. Sundara Babu ¹, M. Shanthi ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agrl. Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 81-83

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during 1991-92 crop season at Sathiamangalam, Periyar district, Tamil Nadu, on the control of sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscateiius using granulosis virus (GV) and cultural methods of control. The shoot borer infestation was significantly less in plots treated with GV and plots treated with GV+ cultural practices, than in control. Application of GV at 10⁷ inclusion bodies/ml on 35 and 50 days after planting significantly reduced the shoot borer infestation compared to other treatments. All the treatments gave increased cane yieldover control. The GV treatment alone resulted in a cost benefit ratio of 1:2.54 whereas it was 1:2047 for trash muiching, 1:2.46 for GV application and 1:2.43 for GV+ earthing up.

Keywords

Chilo infuscatellus, Control, Granulosis Virus, Cultural Practices.

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• Use of a Baculovirus Mixture for the Control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) and Spodoptera litura F. on Groundnut

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:121

Authors

M. Muthuswami ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 105-108

Abstract

The groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L. is known to be attacked by nearly 52 species of insect pests including the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) and the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura F. (Singh et al., 1990). These two species of insects feed on leaves and cause considerable damage by defoliation. Since insecticide resistance has been reported in both H. armigera and S. litura In India (Mehrotra, 1989), baculoviruses, particularly the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) have been tried as microbial insecticides for the control of these pests. The NPV of H. armigera (HaNPV) has been found to control H.armigera on crops like chickpea (Rabindra and Jayaraj, 1988), pigeonpea (Muthiah and Rabindra, 1991), cotton (Dhandapani et 01., 1987) and sunflower (Rabindra et 01.1986). Similarly, successful control of S. litura with its NPV (SINPV) has been reported on tobacco (Ramakrishnan et 01., 1981), banana (Santharam et 01., 1988), cauliflower (Chaudhari and Ramakrishnan, 1980) and cotton (Jayaraj etal., 1981). But so far, the virus control of these pests has not been attempted on groundnut.

Keywords

Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Control, Groundnut.

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• Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Different Locations of Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Views :218  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

N. Dhandapani ¹, M. Kalyanasundaram ¹, P. C. Sundara Babu ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 22-25

Abstract

Field experiments conducted against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) with nuclear polyhedrosls virus (NPV) on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in twelve different locations of Tamil Nadu indicated that two rounds of application at 250 larval equivalents (LE)/ha with crude sugar 2.5 kg/ha at 10, days Interval was significantly superior to untreated control in reducing the larval population, irrespective of the locations tested.

Keywords

NPV, Spodoptera litura, Tobacco.

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• Field Efficacy of Granulosis Virus and Insecticides in the Control of Sugarcane Shoot Borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen

Abstract Views :203  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

S. Parameswaran ¹, P. C. Sundara Babu ¹, P. J. Suresh ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 46-47

Abstract

The Sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snell. a key pest of sugarcane enjoys a wide distribution in the sugarcane growing areas of India (Avasthy and Tiwari, 1986) and accounts for significant loss in cane yield and sugar recovery (Patil and Hapase, 1981). A granulosis virus (GV) reported from C. infuscatellus (Easwaramoorthy and David, 1979) and was found to be highly pathogenic to C. infuscatellus in laboratory studies (Easwaramoorthy, 1984). Application of GV at 10⁹ and 10⁷ inclusion boidies (IB)/ml and carbofuran at 1 and 2 Kg a.i./ha reduced the shoot borer incidence (Easwaramoorthy and Santhalakshmi, 1988). Present studies were carried out to study the efficacy of GV in comparaison and in alternation with insecticides.

Keywords

Sugarcane Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus, Control, Granulosis Virus.

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• Evaluation of Mycopathogens against the Sweet Potato Weevil Cylas formicarius (F.)

Abstract Views :173  |  PDF Views:114

Authors

H. Khader Khan ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, TNGDNAU, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 109-111

Abstract

The entomopathogenic fungi viz., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin var. anisopliae, M. flavoviride Gams & Rozsypal var. minus Rombach, Humber and Roberts., Verticillium lecanii Zimm., Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson., and P. fumosoroseus (Wlze) Brown & Smith were pathogenic to the sweet potato weevil eylas jormicarius (F.), Among these, the first three mycopathogens, listed above, were highly virulent and V. lecanii, P. lilacinus and P. fumosoroseus proved to be weak pathogens against this pest. B. bassiana was the most effective recording the lowest LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ values followed by M. anisopliae and M. flavoviride.

Keywords

Cylas formicarius Mycopathogens, Laboratory Evaluation.

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• Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Formulations against Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) on Sunflower

Abstract Views :190  |  PDF Views:108

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Ethiraju ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu G.D. Naidu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu G.D. Naidu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 130-131

Abstract

Several attempts have been made to control the gram pod borer Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) on different crops with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in India (Jayaraj and Rabindra, 1989). On sunflower, two applications of NPV at 250 LE/ha could effectively control H. armigera (Rabindra et al., 1986). Recently, the NPV of H. armigera was formulated into wettable powders and dusts and found effective against H. armigera larvae in the laboratory (Ethiraju et al., 1988). This communication deals with a pot culture study on the efficacy of NPV formulations against H. armigera larvae on sunflower heads.

Keywords

NPV, Formulations, Heliothis armigera, Sunflower.

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• Seasonal Activity of Natural Enemies of Heliothis armigera Hubner in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu

Abstract Views :186  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

P. R. Srinivas ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 87-89

Abstract

The Important natural enemies contributing to the reduction of Heliothis armigera on pigeonpea, field bean and chickpea were Campoletis chlorideae Uchida, Eriborus sp., Carcelia sp., Bracon hebetor Say, and Apanieles sp. The activity of the parasitoids was more during the months of November and January. The maximum per cent parasitism recorded by B. hebetor, C. chlorideae, Eriborus sp. and Carcelia sp. were 35.50, 10.74, 10.24 and 38.95 respectively.

Keywords

Heliothis armigera, Campoletis chlorideae, Eriborus sp, Carcelia sp, Bracon hebetor, Apanteles sp.

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• Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Formulations against Spodoptera litura F. Larvae

Abstract Views :167  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Ethiraju ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 96-98

Abstract

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Spodoptera litura F. was formulated into wettable powders and dusts and their efficacy was tested against second instar larvae of S. litura in the laboratory. The results showed that wettable powder formulations were as effective as the unformulated virus. Wettable powder prepared with dedenol as the wetting and dispersing agent was better than dust formulations. When water was used instead of acetone in the preparation of the formulations particularly the dusts, the efficacy was increased. The WP formulation began to loose its virulence from the third month onwards of storage.

Keywords

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Formulations, Wettable Powder, Dusts, Spodoptera litura.

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• Studies on the Pathogenicity of Granulosis Virus of the Sugarcane Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen

Abstract Views :204  |  PDF Views:108

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore- 641 007, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 103-107

Abstract

The granulosis virus of the sugarcane shoot borer. Chilo infuscatellus Snell., was found effective when applied as egg treatment. The mortality of larvae hatched from virus-coated eggs ranged from 26.34 to 81.17 percent at 10³ to 10⁹ OB (occlusion bodies)/ml respectively. The first and second instar larvae were found highly susceptible when fed with virus-contaminated food. The mortality varied from 69.05 to 94.67 per cent at 10³ to 10⁷ OB/ml. When microfed with the virus, third, fourth and fifth instar larvae were killed to an extent of 81.44, 64.15 and 54.62 per cent respectively, when the different doses were considered together. At the highhest dose tried (10⁷ OB/larvae), the virus caused 100.0, 81.90 and 72.01 percent mortality in third, fourth and fifth instar larvae respectively. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of the virus was 1061.2 and 8128.3 OB in third and fourth instar respectively. The LT₅₀ decreased with increase in age of the larvae or decrease in the dosage of the virus.

Keywords

Chilo infuscatellus, Granulosis Virus, Pathogenicity, LD₅₀ and LT₅₀.

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• Effect of Certain Botanicals on the Conidial Germination in Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill

Abstract Views :151  |  PDF Views:98

Authors

V. Deva Prasad ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 133-133

Abstract

The use of botanicals for pest management is gaining importance and there is a possibility of integrating the use of botanical pesticides with entomopathogens (Jayaraj, 1980). Information on the compatibility of entomopathogens with insecticies of plant origin is scanty. Earlier, Dirimanov and Angelova (1962) reported that nicotine sulphate, an insecticide of plant origin, at 0.2 per cent was highly inhibitory to the growth of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. in in vitro tests. The present study was carried out with a view to find out the effect of certain botanicals, viz., Ocimum sanctum L., Allium sativum L ., Acorus calamus L., Tribulus terrestris L. as well as neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernel extract and neem oil on the coni dial germination of the entomofungal pathogen, B. bassinana.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Conidial Germination, Botanicals.

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• Controlled Droplet Application of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus with Adjuvants and UV Protectants for the Control of Heliothis armigera Hbn. on Chickpea

Abstract Views :202  |  PDF Views:123

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, N. Sathiah ¹, C. Muthiah ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 37-39

Abstract

In a field experiment, addition of whole milk 20 percent, whole egg homogenate 10 percent, Ranipal 0.5 percent, RobinbIue 0.5 percent and cotton seed oil 5 percent to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in ULV sprays effectively controlled the gram pod borer Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) on chickpea, reduced the damage to pods and increased the yield significantly. The virus was applied three times with a controlled droplet applicator. Addition of crude sugar to NPV gave the highest yield; milk, whole egg homogenate and cotton seed oil being equally effective. In two other experiments, the different adjuvants tested could not Improve the efficacy of the virus and prevent the damage and loss in yield since the larval population at the time of spraying consisted mostly of grownup stages.

Keywords

NPV, Controlled Droplet Application, Adjuvants, UV Protectants, Heliothis armigera, Chickpea.

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• Studies on the Transmission of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) to its Progenies

Abstract Views :169  |  PDF Views:126

Authors

G. Santharam ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 40-43

Abstract

The transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) from generation to generation was studied in Spodoptera litura (F.). NPV-infected adults were produced by feeding 5th instar larvae with sub-normal concentration of NPV. Egg and larval mortality was observed in the progeny from infected adults, the transmission being transovum and transovarial. The healthy adults were able to transmit the NPV to their progeny by egg surface coating when fed with NPV orally, more so when both the sexes were fed. The larval mortality was more in the case of eggs laid on the first day and declined in the case of second and third day laid eggs.

Keywords

Spodoptera litura, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Transmission, Transovum, Transovarial.

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• Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Formulation for the Control of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Chillies

Abstract Views :191  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

N. Dhandapani ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 47-49

Abstract

Results of the field experiment on the control of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and certain insecticides revealed that two rounds of application of the virus as a water dispersible power (WDP) or unformulated virus at 250 larval equivalents (LE)/ha at 10 days interval was as effective as fenpropathrin 200 g a.i/ha or fenpropathrin 100 g a.i/ha + NPV (WOP) 125 LE/ha in reducing the larval population and fruit damage. NPV was also as effective as chlorpyrlphos 250 g a.i/ha + fenitrothion 188 g a.i/ha in reducing the fruit damage by S. litura.

Keywords

NPV Formulation (WDP), Spodoptera litura, Field Efficacy, Chillies.

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• Susceptibility of Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera) to Certain Entomogenous Fungi

Abstract Views :178  |  PDF Views:121

Authors

V. Deva Prasad ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 53-55

Abstract

Five isolates of three entomogenous fungi were bioassayed for their infectivity to second instar larvae of Spodoptera litura Fab. by spraying the host larvae with the conidial suspension in the laboratory. Of them, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Bapatla isolate) was found to be the most virulent recording the lowest LC₅₀ of 19.90 × 10⁵ conidia ml^-1. Tbe LC₅₀ values of the Bangalore and New Delhi isolates of B. bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith and P. farinosus (Holm ex Gray) Brown and Smith ranged from 5.55 × l0⁸ to 5.58 × 10⁹ conidia ml^-1, Bioassay of second, third and fourth instar larvae of S. litura for their susceptibility to Bapatla isolate or B. bassiana showed that susceptibility decreased with increase in age of the larvae in terms of both LC₅₀ and LT₅₀.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces farinosus, Spodoptera litura, Susceptibility.

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• Record of Natural Enemies of Heliothis armigera from Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Abstract Views :140  |  PDF Views:112

Authors

P. R. Srinivas ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 71-72

Abstract

There are several natural enemies of Heliothis armigera (Hbn.), which m the absence of pesticides, often maintain the pest populations below threshold levels. Thus there is a need to gather infonnation on the natural enemy complex available in the ecosystem so as to determine the vacant niches. Survey was undertaken at fortnightly intervals during 1983-85 to record the natural enemies in H. armigera in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu where pulses were grown more commonly during 1983-85.

Keywords

Heliothis armigera, Parasitoids, Predators, Survey.

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• Effect of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infection on the Insecticide Susceptibility of Heliothis armigera and Spodoptera litura Larvae

Abstract Views :196  |  PDF Views:111

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 31-34

Abstract

Laboratory bioassay studies revealed that nuclear polyhedrosis virus Infection, in late stage larvae of Heliothis armigera and Spodoptera litura increased their susceptibility to insecticides. The virus infection increased the susceptibility of final instar larvae of H. armigera to fenvalerate, cypermethrin, endosulfan and monocrotophos. The enhanced susceptibility was maximum in cypermethrin followed by endosulfan. The susceptlblllty of final instar larvae of S. litura to fenvalerate, cypermethrin, endosulfan, phenthoate and chlorpyriphos was also substantially increased.

Keywords

NPV Infection, Heliothis armigera, Spodoptera litura, Insecticide Susceptibility.

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• Safety of Two Granulosis Viruses Infecting Sugarcane Borers to Albino Rats

Abstract Views :187  |  PDF Views:100

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, IN
2 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 35-39

Abstract

Male and female albino rats fed with two granulosis viruses, one Infecting sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus snell. and the other Infecting Internode borer, C. sacchartphagus indicus (Kapur) at a dose equal to 100 × 2.5 × l0¹⁴ inclusion bodies/75 kg man did not show any mortality abnormality in general behaviour, food consumption, body weight gain, gross necropsies, clinical chemistry and haematological examinations, When the rats were injected with the viruses intra peritoneally at 1.1 × 10¹² inclusion bodies/rat (average body weight 80.7 g) also, no harmful effect could be detected.

Keywords

Granulosis Virus, Safety, Albino Rats.

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• Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Some Insecticides against the Diamond-Back Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) on Cauliflower

Abstract Views :437  |  PDF Views:154

Authors

C. Gailce Leo Justin ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 40-43

Abstract

In field trials on the control of the diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella on cauliflower, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bactospeine^R) gave better control of the pest than all the chemical insecticides tested. Its combination with endosulfan, fenvalerate or diflubenzuron did not improve the efficacy of the pathogen. Yield was significantly higher in B.t. - treated plots in both the trials.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Diflubenzuron, Neem Seed Kernel Extract, Insecticides, Plutella xylostella, Field Efficacy.

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• Susceptibility of Gram Caterpillar, Heliothis armigera Hbn. (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera) to Certain Entomogenous Fungi

Abstract Views :210  |  PDF Views:109

Authors

V. DevaPrasad ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 44-47

Abstract

Five entomogenous fungi were bioassayed for their Infectivity to second instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hbn, by spraying them with the conidial suspension in the laboratory. Of them, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Bapatla isolate) was found to be the most virulent recording the lowest LC₅₀ of 2.17 × 10⁵ conidia ml^-1. The LC₅₀ values of the Bangalore and New Delhi Isolates of B. bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith and P. farinosus (Holm ex Gray) Brown and Smith ranged from 4.19 × 10⁸ to 5.22 × 10⁹ conidia ml^-1. Bioassay of second, third and fourth Instar larvae of H. armigera for their susceptibllity to Bapatla Isolate of B. bassiana showed that susceptibility decreased with age of the larvae in terms of both LC₅₀ and LT₅₀.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces farinosus, P. fumosoroseus, Heliothis armigera, Susceptibility.

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• Efficacy of Extracts of Certain Host Plants as Adjuvants for Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. and its Dust Formulation

Abstract Views :197  |  PDF Views:132

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 80-83

Abstract

Laboratory studies revealed that 10% water extracts of sorghum and pearl millet grains and sunRower seeds (all at dough stage), cotton bolls and squares, and tomato fruits (both green and ripe) when added to nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) (HaNPV) significantly Increased the mortality due to virus in second instar larvae of H. armigera. Probit analysis of time-mortality response showed that the LT_50s were also reduced in these treatments. Dust formulations of HaNPV containing extracts of sorghum grain, cotton seed kernel, chickpea flour and sunflower seed kernel were significantly more effective alalnst H. armigera larvae than the virus formulation without any adjuvant. Sorbic acid and methyl parahydroxy benzoate which Were used in the formulations were not responsible for the enhanced efficacy of the virus.

Keywords

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Dust Formulations, Adjuvants, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Mycopathogens for Biological Control of Mound Building Termites in an Agroforest Ecosystem

Abstract Views :200  |  PDF Views:103

Authors

H. Khader Khan ¹, M. Gopalan ², S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension, EEU, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560 024, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 84-87

Abstract

Although five entomogenous fungi were pathogenic to the three mound building termites i.e. Odontotermes wallonensis (Wasmann), O. obesus (Rambur) and O. brunneus (Hagen), only Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin var. anisopliae were highly virulent when compared to M. flavoviride Gams Rozypal var. minus, Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson and P. fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith. Among the three mound building termite species, O. brunneus was the most susceptible followed by O. wallonensis and O. obesus. This was confirmed through bioassay studies with the different isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisoplieae. Bapatla isolate of B. bassiana with the lowest LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ values was the most effective against all the three termite species tested.

Keywords

Odontotermes wattonensis, O. obesus, O. brunneus, Susceptibility, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium antsopliae, M. flavoviride, Paecilomyces lilacinus, P. fumosoroseus.

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• Efficacy of Fenvalerate-Treated Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and Fluvalinate-Virus Combination in the Control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) on Chickpea

Abstract Views :204  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, M. Muthuswami ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 104-105

Abstract

The usefulness of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in the management of Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera Hbn. on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has been demonstrated through several field experiments (Rabindra and Jayaraj, 1988a ; Rabindra et al., 1989; Rabindra et al., 1992). The virus has been applied along with half the recommended doses of insecticides like endosulfan (Rabindra and Jayaraj, 1988b) and fenvalerate (Sathiah, 1987). Probit analysis of dosage-mortality responses of H. armigera larvae to fenvalerate-treated and untreated NPV showed that the activity of the virus was enhanced due to exposure to fenvalerate (Rabindra et al., 1991). This paper reports the results of a field experiment on the field performance of fenvalerate-treated NPV as well as NPV -fluvalinate combinations in the control of H. armigera on chickpea.

Keywords

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Larval Extracts and Other Adjuvants for Increased Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Against Heliothis armigera Larvae

Abstract Views :213  |  PDF Views:176

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 102-105

Abstract

Laboratory experiments have revealed that 4% larval extracts of Heliothis armigera, Spodoptera litura and Corcyra cephalonica, 20% whole milk, 10% whole egg homogenate, 10% yellow of egg, 10% egg white, 20% tender coconut water and 20% crude sugar increased the efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus against second instar larvae of H. armigera. Measurement of leaf area consumed showed that these adjuvants had acted as phagostimulants and increased the feeding by larvae leading to acquisition of more virus resulting in increased mortality and shorter LT₅₀ values. Pot culture study showed that even though Robin blue and Tinopal both at 1% were not as effective as the other adjuvants in increasing the mortality, they increased the persistence of the virus as seen by the higher percentages of original activity remaining.

Keywords

Larval Extracts, Egg, Milk, Tender Coconut Water, Robin Blue, Tinopal, Adjuvants, Persistence, NPV, Heliothis armigera.

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• Effect of Temperature and Storage Time on the, Infectivity of Granulosis Virus of Sugarcane Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snell

Abstract Views :222  |  PDF Views:121

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
2 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 106-108

Abstract

The susceptibility of sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snell., to the granulosis virus at four different rearing temperatures viz., 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and the infectivity of the virus stored at three different temperatures viz., 0, 4 and 28 °C for three years were studied. The virus caused high and rapid mortality of third instar larvae when the post-treatment temperature ranged from 30-35 °C. There was a decrease in the mortality rate and an increase in the time taken for kill with decrease in the temperature. Bioassay studies indicated that infectivity of the virus was not reduced significantly even when the virus was stored for three years either at 0, 4 or 28 °C.

Keywords

Granulosis Virus, Chilo infuscatellus, Temperature, Storage, Infectivity.

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• Laboratory Evaluation of Comparative Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Subspecies to Larvae of Plutella xylostella and Bombyx mori

Abstract Views :235  |  PDF Views:109

Authors

C. Gailce Leo Justin ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, M. Rangarajan ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 109-111

Abstract

Laboratory bioassay tests on the comparative efficacy of eight Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies against third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. as well as its safety to second lnstar larvae of Bombyx mori L. revealed that B.t. subsp. kurstaki (Bactospeine) was the most toxic to larvae of P. xylostella followed by B.t. subsp. thuringiensis and B.t. subsp. kurstaki (lab culture). The B.t.t. and B.t.k. (Bactospeine) were found to be less toxic to the larvae of Bombyx mori than the other species.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Subspecies, Toxicity, Plutella xylostella, Bombyx mori.

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• Observations on an Indian Population of the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976

Abstract Views :253  |  PDF Views:112

Authors

C. V. Sivakumar ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, S. Subramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 112-113

Abstract

The natural occurrence of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 in a forest soil from Burliar, Tamil Nadu, India, is reported along with the dimensions of this population. The life cycle of this isolate was completed in eight days at laboratory temperatures of 23.0°C (minimum) and 30.2°C (maximum) on larvae of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Galleridae: Lepidoptera). Under experimental conditions, it infected larvae of certain Elaterldae (Coleoptera), Noctuidae, Papilionidae and Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) and adults of Acrididae (Orthoptera). The LC₅₀ for fourth-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) was 19.14 dauers per larva at room temperatures of 22.3°C (minimum) and 30.0°C (maximum).

Keywords

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Spodoptera litura, Corcyra cephalonica, Entomopathogenic Nematode.

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• Effect of Acquisition Feeding Period on the Mortality of Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) due to Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

Abstract Views :217  |  PDF Views:111

Authors

K. Narayanan ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology/Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Centre for Plant protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 135-136

Abstract

For virus control of insects, it is necessary to fix the minimum acquisition feeding period for the larvae to pick up infection by ingesting the polyhedra - treated food surface, before,the virus is affected by certain environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of acquisition feeding period in the laboratory on the mortality of Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) by nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV).

Keywords

Heliothis armigera, NPV, Acquisition Feeding Time.

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• Compatibility of NPV of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) With Certain Fungicides

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:140

Authors

S. Sachithanandam ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 137-138

Abstract

From time to time. it has been suggested that microbial insecticides might be combined with chemical pesticides used in agriculture and forestry. Jaques (1985) suggested that the compatibility of insect viruses with pesticide chemicals especially fungicides and insecticides is important because viruses may have to be mixed with other chemicals during practical use in the field to avoid duplication of application operation. Relationships of viruses and pesticides have been reviewed by Benz (1971) and Jaques and Morris (1981).In the present study, the compatibility of S. litura NPV with mancozeb, copper oxychloride and carbendazim was studied with a view to imd out if NPV and fungicides could be applied together to manage both S. litura and foliar diseases.

Keywords

Spodoptera litura, NPV, Fungicides, Compatibility.

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• Solar ETC Type Water Heaters – An Analysis Based on CFD Packages

Abstract Views :199  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Arun K. Raj ¹, K. Dileep ², S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Calicut – 673601, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, VAST, Mumbai – 400059, Maharashtra, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10, No 15 (2017), Pagination: 

Abstract

Objectives: A comparative numerical analysis is conducted, to emphasize the capability of an open source CFD package (OpenFOAM) over the commercial CFD package of ANSYS. Methods/Analysis: Buoyancy driven flows occurring within the vacuum tubes of gravity-assisted solar water heaters are analyzed. A scaled model of the ETC type solar water heater has been chosen for computation. The geometry and meshing of the model was done by using the 'Design Modeler' and 'ICEM-CFD' packages available in ANSYS. The same configuration was also modeled in OpenFOAM to account for 3-D, transient, incompressible, laminar fluid flow analyses analogous to the available models in FLUENT. Findings: Boussinesq approximation is considered to be valid. Governing equations were discretized based on Finite Volume Method (FVM). The significance of the inlet velocity and varying incident solar radiation on the nature of flow and performance of the collector is examined. Mass flow rates have been varied from 0.0002 to 0.03 kg/s while the solar insolation considered was in the range of 300 to 1000 W/m². For a uniform heat flux, with decrease in velocity of the fluid entering the storage tank, temperature of the water obtained at the outlet was found to be higher. This is due to the prolonged interaction of the fluid with the tube walls, which facilitates a higher heat gain from the tube surface to the fluid. Similarly, as the heat flux increases, the magnitude of the tube surface temperature increases which results into a higher outlet temperature. The performance of ETC type solar water heaters is said to be more efficient at lower flow rates and the same is true at higher incident solar radiations. Applications/Improvements: Comparison of the results between OpenFOAM and FLUENT shows the wide reliability and urges the use of open source software like OpenFOAM for more complicated CFD modeling and computational studies.

Keywords

Finite Volume, Flow Rate, Heat Flux, OpenFOAM, Solar Water Heater.

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