Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Jayakumari , V. Ravichandiran , Malarkodi Velraj , Arun Kumar Singh , A. Vijaya Lakshmi

Abstract

Antiinflammatory activity of Adenanthera pavonina Linn. leaves were evaluated using formalin induced rat paw oedema model for acute inflammation and cotton pellet granuloma model for chronic inflammation. The leaves of the plant was extracted with methanol by cold maceration method. The methanolic extract was fractionated with water. The extract and its aqueous fraction were screened for its anti inflammatory activity at the dose levels of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. Compared with control both showed significant activity against acute and chronic inflammation. Aqueous fraction of methanolic extract significantly inhibit the paw oedema in acute model and granuloma formation in chronic model with respect to the methanolic extract. The results indicates that the antiinfammatory activity of Adenanthera pavonina leaf extract could be through a inhibition of elevated prostaglandin biosynthesis and reduction of proliferative mass inflammed cells.The present results of anti inflammatory activity supports the folklore claim of Adenanthera pavonina leaves.

Keywords

Adenanthera pavonina, Formalin,cotton Pellet Granuloma, Anti Inflammatory

Full Text

   

Malarkodi Velraj ¹, Ranjit Singh ², B. Rathore ², V. Ravichandiran ², S. Jayakumari ², Sanjay Ragala ²

Affiliations
1 Vels University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Old Pallavaram, Chennai-116, IN
2 Vels University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Old Pallavaram, Chennai-116, IN

Abstract

Madhuca indica J.F.G. mel belongs to the family "Sapotaceae". It is a much valued herbal medicine used for Rheumatism, Ulcers, itches, bleeding, spongy gums, tonsillitis and diabetes mellitus. The present study report its anatomical, microscopical, quantitative characters, powder microscopy, histochemical, fluorescence analysis, physiochemical standards, preliminary phytochemical standards and thin layer chromatography. The study revealed important diagnostic character which can be used for identification of the plant.

Keywords

Madhuca indica, Transverse Longitudinal Section, Radial Longitudinal Section.

Full Text

     

Malarkodi Velraj ¹, Mahendra Singh ², V. Ravichandiran ², S. Jayakumari ², A. Vijayalakshmi ², Sanjay Ragela ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Vels College of Pharmacy, Pallavaram, Chennai-600 117, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Vels College of Pharmacy, Pallavaram, Chennai-600 117, IN

Abstract

In the present study, coarse powder of Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. fruit was extracted successively using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 50% ethanol. The ethyl acetate and 50% ethanolic extracts were investigated for its antioxidant activity by using nitric oxide and DPPH radical scavenging methods. The IC₅₀ value was also calculated. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard. Both 50% ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract were found to exert concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity but former extract was more effective than the later on. The highest free radical scavenging activity by Scindapsus officinalis fruit extracts was observed at concentration of 1000 μg/ml.

Keywords

Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott., Antioxidant, Free Radicals, IC₅₀ Value.

Full Text

     

Malarkodi Velraj ¹, A. Vijayalakshmi ², S. Jayakumari ², S. Ramamoorthy ², V. Ravichandiran ², J. Srikanth ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Vels School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai–117, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Vels School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-117, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai-600116, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the antidepressant effects of Albizzia lebbeck leaves in various animal depression models. The alcoholic extract (70% v/v ethanol) of Albizzia lebbeck leaves (200 and 400 mg/kg. p.o) was administered once daily for seven successive days to separate groups of young male swiss albino mice. The immobility periods of control and treated mice were recorded in two behavioral despair models forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and the effect of extract on locomotor function of mice was studied using actophotometer. The antidepressant-like effect of tested drug was compared to that of imipramine (15 mg/kg. p.o) and fluoxetine (20mg/kg.p.o). The leaf extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the duration of immobility time in a dose dependent manner in both FST and TST.

The extract did not show significant effect on locomotor activity of mice. The efficacy of tested extract was found to be comparable to that of imipramine and fluoxetine. Our results suggested that the ethanolic extract of Albizzia lebbeck leaves exerts antidepressant-like effect.

Keywords

Albizzia lebbeck, Depression, Forced Swim Test, Tail Suspension Test.

Full Text

     

S. Jayakumari ¹, V. Ravichandiran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University (VISTAS) Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 NIPER, Kolkotta, IN

Abstract

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition is an important approach in the management of inflammatory problems. Since synthetic compounds may exaggerate the levels of inflammatory mediators via COX pathway, so many researchers are focusing in search of natural compound or bioguided fraction for COX-2 inhibitors. From the literature review it is evident that natural polyphenols such as flavonoid and tannins have been found exert its anti-inflammatory effects either by decreasing formation of reactive oxygen species or by modulation of proinflammatory gene expression of Cyclooxygenase by acting through Nuclear factor - kappa B (NF-kappa) and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase signaling. Earlier literature revealed that Terminalia chebula (Fruits); Sida rhombifolia (Root) Leucas cephalotes (Entire plant) were found to contain polyphenolic compounds and steroid and are used in Indian traditional system of medicine for inflammatory associated problems. The earlier scientific reports showed the extract of the above plants have significant anti-inflammatory activity in animal model. Hence the present study is focused to separate the fraction from the selected plants and study the effect of combined fractions for inhibition of inflammatory key enzymes .Further the bioactive fraction was standardized by HPTLC as per standard protocol. The outcome of the present work would pave a pathway for finding a new phytopharmacophore from Indian meditational plants for treatment of inflammatory associated diseases.

Keywords

Terminalia chebula fruits, Sida rhombifolia ischolar_main, Leucas cephalotes Entire Plant. Tannin, Steroid, Flavonoid Fractions and COX- II Assay.

Full Text

     

A. Vijayalakshmi ¹, M. Suganya ¹, Pankaj Kumar Giri ¹, S. Jayakumari ¹, P. Shanmugasundaram ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, VISTAS, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-117, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate anti-asthmatic activity of a classical Siddha formulation Seenthil chooranam (SC) by mast cell stabilizing effect and broncho dilator property by in-vivo method. Preliminary phytochemical and HPTLC analysis of SC were determined as per standard protocols. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract gave positive test for carbohydrates, phenols, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. HPTLC finger print analysis of the aqueous extract showed the presence of possible number of components. The results of the in-vivo study demonstrate that SC has potent broncho dilator property with significant (p<0.001) mast cell stabilizing activity and decrease in leukocytosis in dose dependent manner. These findings are clearly indicative of the role of SC as potent inhibitor of mast cell degranulation and ability to control the leukocytosis, have bronchodilation and hence can be used for the management of asthma supporting the traditional claims.

Keywords

Seenthil Chooranam, Siddha Formulation, Asthma, Mast Cell.

Full Text

     

V. P. Laavanya ¹, R. Jayasurya ¹, N. Kavitha ¹, G. Prabakaran ¹, S. Jayakumari ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies [VISTAS] Pallavaram, Chennai, 600 117, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

A widespread epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was reported in 2015 in South and Central America and the Caribbean. A major concern associated with this infection is the apparent increased incidence of microcephaly in fetuses born to mothers infected with(ZIKV). In this report, it was described the case of an expectant mother who had a febrile illness with rash at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy living in Brazil. Ultrasonography performed at 29 weeks of gestation revealed microcephaly with calcifications in the fetal brain and placenta. After the mother requested termination of the pregnancy, a fetal autopsy was performed. Microcephaly (an abnormally small brain) was observed, with almost complete agyria, hydrocephalus, and multifocal dystrophic calcifications in the cortex and subcortical white matter, with associated cortical displacement and mild focal inflammation. ZIKV was found in the fetal brain tissue on reverse-transcriptase- polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay, with consistent findings on electron microscopy. The complete genome of (ZIKV) was recovered from the fetal brain.

Keywords

Zika Virus (flavivirus) Uganda, Microcephaly, Reverse-Transcriptase–Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR).

Full Text

     

Archana Rajasundaram ¹, S. Jayakumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of General Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Zinc deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. Maternal zinc deficiency is associated with fetal growth retardation and other adverse fetal outcomes. The study aimed to determine cord blood zinc level in correlation with age and parity in the term SGA mothers. This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in 50 terms SGA babies and their mothers and 50 term AGA babies and their mothers. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken at delivery and zinc was estimated by endpoint nitro PAPS dye binding colorimetric method. Out of 50 study participants in parity of SGA groups, 29 were primigravida and 21 were multigravida mothers. Most of the mothers were having zinc levels ranging from 95.1 to 110 followed by 80.1 to 95. The result shows that there is no statistical significance between cord blood zinc and parity of mothers in the SGA group. Out of 50 study participants in the mode of delivery of SGA groups, 30 were NVD and 20 were LSCS mothers. Most of the mothers were having zinc levels ranging from 95.1 to 110 followed by 80.1 to 95. The zinc levels were seen more than 140 among one NVD mothers. The result shows that there is no statistical significance between cord blood zinc and mode of delivery in SGA groups. Maternal zinc level influences the cord blood zinc level. Cord blood zinc level influences the birth weight of the baby. Thus we conclude that zinc deficiency can also be one of the reasons for low birth weight babies and providing zinc supplementation to the pregnant mothers can be recommended

Keywords

Zinc, Maternal Blood, Appropriate Gestation Age, [AGE] Small Gestation Age [SGA].

Full Text

     

Archana Rajasundaram ¹, S. Jayakumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of General Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Zinc deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. Maternal zinc deficiency is associated with fetal growth retardation and other adverse fetal outcomes. The study aimed to determine cord blood zinc level in correlation with age and parity in the term SGA mothers. This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in 50 terms SGA babies and their mothers and 50 term AGA babies and their mothers. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken at delivery and zinc was estimated by endpoint nitro PAPS dye binding colorimetric method. Out of 50 study participants in parity of SGA groups, 29 were primigravida and 21 were multigravida mothers. Most of the mothers were having zinc levels ranging from 95.1 to 110 followed by 80.1 to 95. The result shows that there is no statistical significance between cord blood zinc and parity of mothers in the SGA group. Out of 50 study participants in the mode of delivery of SGA groups, 30 were NVD and 20 were LSCS mothers. Most of the mothers were having zinc levels ranging from 95.1 to 110 followed by 80.1 to 95. The zinc levels were seen more than 140 among one NVD mothers. The result shows that there is no statistical significance between cord blood zinc and mode of delivery in SGA groups. Maternal zinc level influences the cord blood zinc level. Cord blood zinc level influences the birth weight of the baby. Thus we conclude that zinc deficiency can also be one of the reasons for low birth weight babies and providing zinc supplementation to the pregnant mothers can be recommended

Keywords

Zinc, Maternal Blood, Appropriate Gestation Age, [AGE] Small Gestation Age [SGA].

Full Text

     

K. Prabhu ¹, Archana Rajasundharam ¹, S. Jayakumari ¹, G. Durga Devi ¹

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chrompet, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Approximately 5 percent of thyroid cancers happen in all thyroid nodules, regardless of their size. PTC is the most prevalent type of thyroid cancer in all thyroid cancers. Although it is hard to distinguish PTC from benign papillary hyperplasia of the thyroid gland on the basis of its morphology, it is essential to distinguish benign ones from malignant ones for early therapy and better patient management. Although the diagnostic and prognostic values of Ki-67/MIB-1 in thyroid cancer stay uncertain, it has been noted that Ki-67/MIB-1 has an impact.

Materials and Method: 60 gross samples have been taken for research. These biopsy samples were regularly fixed in 10% formalin and processed in paraffin wax. Five micron dense parts were sliced and drawn for research and hematoxylin and eosin staining of the parts was performed. Histopathological examination of these segments has been carried out. The immunohistochemistry survey using Ki-67 monoclonal antibody as a proliferation marker was conducted in 60 cases. The current survey was conducted to determine the function of ki-67 in distinct kinds of neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions.

Results: Mean Ki67 LI values in our research were 14.12 ± 2.29, 61.42 ± 3.77 and 34.90 ± 3.49 and 18.60 ± 1.96 for PTC, FTC, FTA and NG, respectively. In this research, numerous group comparisons were made using the Bonferroni post-hoc test, and Ki-67 values were discovered to be statistically important among all thyroid lesions.

Conclusion: Although the Ki-67 marker is costly, it was discovered to be very simple to conduct and to get better outcomes. It is therefore found that the Ki-67 marker is suggested to be used in instances of dubious capsular and/or vascular invasion and follicular lesions with questionable nuclear characteristics.

Keywords

Ki-67, FTC, PTC, FA, NG, Ki-67 LI.

Full Text