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Grover, S.
- Gallbladder Disease in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors
1 Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Govt. Medical College Patiala, Punjab, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 2, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 7-15Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a modern epidemic which leads to various complications over a period of time. Autonomic neuropathy is one such complication which may lead on to gallbladder dysmotility and gallbladder stones.
Objectives: To determine the incidence of gallbladder disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find out the incidence of autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and correlate it with presence of gall bladder disorders.
Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in 50 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 25 healthy age and sex matched normal individuals were taken as controls. The cases as well as the controls underwent ultrasonographic examination for gall bladder volume, wall thickness, intraluminal mass and contraction in response to fatty meal. Data thus collected was compared and analysed statistically by using students 't' test and chi-square test.
Results: Mean postprandial gallbladder volume was 20.56±8.87 cm3 in diabetics with ANP with gallstones, 26.16±1.24 cm3 in diabetics with ANP with dysmotility 13.0±6.26 cm3 in diabetics with gallstones without ANP, 12.14±4.88 cm3 in normal diabetics and 13.60±5.95 cm3 in controls. The percentage contraction post fatty meal was calculated from these values and found to be 24.73±14.64% in diabetics with ANP with dysmotility, 26.38±17.04% in diabetics with ANP with dysmotility, 43.48±8.45% in diabetics with gallstones without ANP, 56.84±9.02% in normal diabetics and 57.64±9.92% in controls.
Conclusion: Incidence of gallbladder disease is much higher in type 2 diabetics (40%) as compared to normal healthy adults (4%). It was concluded that diabetics with ANP had significantly impaired gallbladder emptying. Poor control of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and diabetic autonomic neuropathy are important risk factors for the development of gallbladder disease.
Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Gallbladder, Autonomic Neuropathy, Dysmotility, Gallbladder Stone/Sludge.Full Text
- A Study of Ormeloxifene in Case of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Authors
1 Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Shri MP Shah Medical College Jamnagar, Gujarat, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 2, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 162-169Abstract
Background:Menorrhagia accounts for 12% of all gynaecology consultations and is one of the most common causes of iron deficiency anaemia in females after nutritional anaemia.Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of ormeloxifene in cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Material and Methods: 30 women aged 28-46 years who attended the outpatient gynaecology department in a tertiary care hospital with complaint of heavy menstrual flow were recruited for the study. Two pretreatment baseline cycles were compared to the treatment cycles of ormeloxifene. The main outcomes measured were menstrual blood, blood haemoglobin levels and endometrial thickness in proliferative phase as studied by TVS. Data thus collected was compared and analysed statistically.
Results: Total number of bleeding days per year decreased by 76%. Total no. of pads soiled per cycle decreased by 76.3%. All the patients reported disappearance of clots, 66.66% within 1 month of the treatment only. Dysmenorrhoea was relieved in 62.5% patients. Mean increase in Hb was 0.42g%.
Conclusion: Ormeloxifene is very effective in improving all the parameters of blood loss in DUB including the no. of days of bleeding, no. of pads soiled and the passage of clots. Ormeloxifene has a good patient acceptability and compliance due to its minimal side effects, low cost and simple dosage schedule. In the peri-menopausal age group, drug is protective against breast malignancy and osteoporosis. Ormeloxifene has the potential to be an effective treatment for DUB and should always be considered amongst the treatment options.
Keywords
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia, Ormeloxifene.Full Text
- Influence of Fabrication Processes on Transport Properties of Superconducting Niobium Nitride Nanowires
Authors
1 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, Dr K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Microelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, IN
3 Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 07 (2018), Pagination: 1443-1450Abstract
Fabrication of niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting nanowires based on focused ion beam (FIB) milling and electron beam lithography (EBL) is presented. The NbN films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering. Argon-to-nitrogen ratio turned out to be a crucial factor in synthesizing high quality superconducting NbN. Critical temperatures (Tc) of around 15.5 K were measured for films with a thickness of around 10 nm. Zero-field-cooled magnetization was measured to optimize the superconducting properties of ultra thin NbN films. The transport behaviour was studied using conventional resistance vs temperature and current-voltage characteristics down to 2 K. Effect of gallium contamination on superconducting properties has been discussed. Whereas the various processing steps of standard EBL route do not have any significant impact on the superconducting transition temperature as well as on the transition width of nanowires, there is significant degradation of superconducting properties of nanowires prepared using FIB. This has been attributed to gallium ion implantation across the superconducting channel. Although the effect of gallium implantation may have technological limitations in designing fascinating single photon detector architectures, it provides some interesting low-dimensional superconducting properties.Keywords
DC Magnetron Sputtering, EBL, FIB, Niobium Nitride, Superconducting Nanostructure, Thin Films.Full Text
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