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Easwaramoorthy, S.

• Attempts on Mass Production of Nomuraea rileyi Agricultural Products and Byproducts on Various

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Authors

A. Tincilley ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute (lCAR), Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 35-40

Abstract

The suitability of various agricultural products and byproducts as substrates for mass culturing of Nomuraea rileyi was tested in the laboratory. Among the different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%) of sugarcane molasses tested maximum radial growth (4.65 cm); biomass production (1.55 g/100 ml) and spore production (5.0 × 10¹⁰ spores 100 ml) were noticed on molasses (6%). Maximum spore production of N. rileyi was noticed on sugarcane-spent wash (10 %). The spore production decreased with increase in the concentration of spent wash and minimum spore production was noticed with 100 per cent concentration. Among the grains and tubers tested, carrot medium recorded greater radial growth, rice and tapioca extracts showed greater biomass production and rice and finger millet supported maximum spore production. There was no difference in the spore production observed on different agricultural byproducts like sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane press-mud, coconut- water and tapioca rind. Among the oil cakes tested, spore production of N. rileyi was maximum on groundnut cake (6.00 × 10¹⁰ spores/100g) followed by sesamum cake, neem cake and coconut cake.

Keywords

Agricultural Products, Byproducts, Mass Production, Nomuraea rileyi.

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• Interaction between Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Granulosis Viruses of Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and Chilo sacchariphagus Indicus (Kapur)

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Authors

G. Karunakar ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ², H. David ²

Affiliations
1 Maduranthakam Co-op, Sugar Mills Ltd., Padalam 603 308, Kancheepuram Dist., Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 153-156

Abstract

Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, S. glaseri Steiner and Heterorhabitis indica (Poinar, Karunakar, David) developed and reproduced in sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) larvae infected with granuloviruses (GV). The mean percent infectivity of the three nematode species showed no significant difference among the diseased and healthy larvae of both shoot and internode borers. The multiplication of dauer juveniles was significantly higher in healthy larvae of C. infuscatellus and C. sacchariphagus indicus compared to GV infected larvae.

Keywords

Granuloviruses, Heterorhabditis indica, Interactive Effects, Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri.

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• Influence of Storage Temperature, Population Density and Duration of Storage on the Survival of Three Species of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Abstract Views :199  |  PDF Views:133

Authors

G. Karunakar ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, H. David ¹

Affiliations
1 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 183-188

Abstract

Among the five different temperatures tested for storage of infective juveniles (Ijs). survival of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev and S. glaseri Steiner was higher at 7.5°C, while the survival of Heterorhabditis indica (Poinar, Karunakar and David) was higher at 10°C. All the three species of nematodes showed higher percentage of survival when stored at 250 IJs per ml compared to 500 and 1000 Us per ml. A negative correlation was observed between duration of storage and per cent survival in S. feltiae (r = -0.9831**). S. glaseri (r = -0.9847**) and H. indica (r = -0.9437**). Based on the results of the study, the best combination of temperature, population density and duration of storage for the entomopathogenic nematodes was 7.5°C, 250 IJs perml and 120 days, respectively for S. feltiae, 7.5°C, 250 IJs per ml and 90 days for S. glaseri and 10°C, 250 IJs per ml and 90 days for H. indica.

Keywords

Heterorhabditis indica, Population Density, Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri, Storage.

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• Occurence of Metarhizium anisopliae Var. anisopliae on Sugarcane Internode Borer,Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur)

Abstract Views :215  |  PDF Views:103

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, R. Nirmala ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 81-84

Abstract

Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae is found on the larvae of sugarcane internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) under field conditions at Coimbatore. In laboratory tests, the fungus caused 20.0 to 83.3 per cent mortality in third instar larvae and 10.0 to 90.0 per cent mortality in fourth instar when treated with different doses ranging from 10⁴ to 10⁹ spores/ml. The time taken to kill the larvae varied from 5.6 to 13.1 days in third ins tar and 5.9 to 9.9 days in fourth instar. The mean number of spores produced per dead larva varied from 0.17 × 10⁹ to 0.48 × 10⁹ in third instar and 0.92 × 10⁹ to 1.52 × 10⁹ in fourth instar.

Keywords

Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, First Report, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pathogenicity.

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• Biology and Predatory Potential of Micraspis univittata (Hope), a Coccinellid Predator Recorded in Sugarcane Ecosystem

Abstract Views :245  |  PDF Views:153

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, R. Nirmala ², G. Santhalakshmi ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 97-100

Abstract

In a survey for natural enemies in sugarcane fields at Harinagar, West Champaran district, Bihar, the coccinellid, Micraspis univittata (Hope) was recorded for the first time in sugarcane ecosystem. The biology of the coccinellid and its predatory potential were worked out at Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, using the sugarcane aphid,Melanaphis sacchari (Zehnt.) as the laboratory host. The mean duration of development of M. univittata was 18.8 ± 0.6 days and the adult longevity was 37.7 ± 7.7 days. The predatory potential of grubs was 373 ± 39.6 aphids while the adults preyed on 3659.1 ± 865.9 aphids. The grubs and adults also preyed upon different stages of other sugarcane pests like shoot and internode borers. But they failed to feed on nymphs of whiteflies and eggs and nymphs of pyrilla.

Keywords

Biology,Micraspis univittata, Predatory Potential, Sugarcane Aphids.

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• Effect of Low Temperature Storage on the Viability of Puparia of Sturmiopsis inferensTownsend (Diptera: Tachnidae) a Larval Parasitoid of Sugarcane Moth Borers

Abstract Views :210  |  PDF Views:122

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, N. K. Kurup ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹, M. Shanmugasundaram ¹

Affiliations
1 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 1 (2000), Pagination: 63-65

Abstract

Attempts have been made to store the puparia of the tachinid, Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend. a larval parasitoid of sugarcane moth borers at low temperatures. Storage at 5 and 10 °c adversely affected the adult emergence, fertility and longevity when the puparia were stored for 30 days. The puparia could be stored for 30 days at 15°C without any adverse effects on fly emergence, female mating and male longevity. Storage at this temperature slightly reduced tbe fertility of females. An increase in the duration of storage at 15°C resulted in the reduction of emergence, mating and fertility.

Keywords

Cold Storage, Puparia. Sturmiopsis inferens.

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• A New Record of Granulovirus on Sugarcane Top Borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)

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Authors

B. Singaravelu ¹, R. Nirmala ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 133-135

Abstract

A granulovirus was found to infect sugarcane top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker for the first time. In a preliminary study, the virus infection in field population was found to vary from 1.6 to 14.4 (̅X = 5.8) percent. In the laboratory test, the virus caused mortality of final instar larvae up to 55.2 percent in 4 to 8 days after infection.

Keywords

Baculovirus, Granulovirus, Natural Infection, Pathogenicity, Sugarcane Top Borer.

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• Biology and Predatory Potential of the Ladybird Beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Sugarcane Aphids

Abstract Views :214  |  PDF Views:102

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, N. K. Kurup ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 12, No 1 (1998), Pagination: 47-50

Abstract

The mean duration of development of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) reared on Melanaphis indosacchari David was 11.3±2.4 days. The adults survived for 22.7±9.1 days when fed with aphids. The feeding potential of grubs was 220.2±17.4 aphids in the case of M. indosacchari and 179.6±40.5 aphids in Melanaphis sacchari Zehnt. The adult beetles preyed a mean of 992.8±256.8 M. indosacchari and 1403.3±99.9 M. sacchari, respectively. The feeding potential of grubs increased with age while that of adults decreased with age.

Keywords

Biology, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Predatory Potential, Sugarcane Aphids.

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• Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Growth, Sporulation and Pathogenicity of Beauverianrnr. bassiana

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Authors

P. Sivasankaran ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, H. David ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 12, No 1 (1998), Pagination: 71-75

Abstract

Among the five different temperature conditions tested; radial growth, biomass production and sporulation were greater at 25°C foHowed by 30 and 20De. Similarly susceptibility of third instar shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen) larvae to fungal infection was higher when the larvae were held at 25°C after treatment. Among the 5 relative humidity (RH) levels tested at 25°C, the radial growth of the fungus was maximum at 90 per cent RH, whereas biomass production and sporulation were greater at 100 per cent RH. Higher mortality of borer larvae occurred at 100 and 90 per cent RH levels and the susceptibility decreased as the RH increased.

Keywords

Beauveria nr. bassiana, Chilo infuscatellus, Relative Humidity, Temperature.

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• Recorod of Hirsutella nodulosa Petch from Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur), Sugarcane Internode Borer in India

Abstract Views :204  |  PDF Views:141

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, D. B. Strongman ², G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, CA

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 11, No 1&2 (1997), Pagination: 79-80

Abstract

Hirsutella nodulosa Petch is recorded as a fungal pathogen of the sugarcane internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) from Coimbatore area of Tamil Nadu. The infection level during different months varied from 0.3 to 11.4 per cent.

Keywords

Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, Fungal Pathogen, Hirsutella nodulosa, Sugarcane Internode Borer.

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• Life History and Prey Acceptance of Commonly Occurring Spiders in Sugarcane Ecosystem

Abstract Views :210  |  PDF Views:98

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, J. Srikanth ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹, N. K. Kurup ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 39-47

Abstract

Life-history and prey acceptance of commonly occurring spiders of sugarcane ecosystem were studied in the laboratory and field. In the laboratory, males and females of Hippasa greenalliae Blackwall passed through eight and nine instars, and the total life cycle lasted 263.3 and 371.6 days, respectively. In the field, females of Cyrtophora cicatrosa Stoliczka passed through nine instars and the total life cycle lasted 195.2 days. In laboratory no choice feeding tests, neonate larvae of shoot (Chilo infuscatellus Snelllen), internode [Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur)] and pink (Sesamia inferens Walker) borers were the most accepted stage followed by third instar larvae for the spiders H. greenalliae and Oxyopes shweta Tikader. Amongst four sucking pests tested, aphid (Melanaphis indosacchari David), leafhopper (Pyrilla perpusilla Wlk.) and pink mealybug [Saccharicoccus sacchari (Ckll.)] were the most accepted preys while scale insect (Melanaspis glomerata Green) was completely avoided by the above two species of spiders. In field cage studies with H. greenalliae against C. infuscatellus, deadhearts formed by 10 neonate larvae were reduced by around 50 per cent by one spider per cage whereas the same number of third instar larvae needed four to six spiders per cage to reduce deadheart formation.

Keywords

Life History, Prey Acceptance, Spiders, Sugarcane Ecosystem.

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• Disc Gel Electrophoresis in Evaluating Spiders for their Predatory Role in Sugarcane Ecosystem

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Authors

S. Vennila ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ²

Affiliations
1 Central Institute of Cotton Research, P. B. No.225, G.P.O., Nagpur 440001, IN
2 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore -641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 123-124

Abstract

Use of disc gel electrophoresis towards evaluating spiders for their predatory role in sugarcane system was tested under laboratory conditions. Specific protein bands for different pest types and different species of spiders could be distinctly found. Spider species having fed upon a particular prey type gave a handing pattern that comprised the protein band of both. Method of sample preparation for the electrophoresis, precautions to be taken and further applicability of the method in quantitative assessment of field predation by spiders are discussed.

Keywords

Gel Electrophoresis, Predatory Role, Protein Bands, Spiders, Sugarcane Pests.

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• Studies on the Spider Fauna of Sugarcane Ecosystem in Southern Peninsular India

Abstract Views :271  |  PDF Views:148

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, H. David ¹, N. K. Kurup ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 2 (1994), Pagination: 85-93

Abstract

Surveys conducted in three states of southern peninsular India revealed the occurrence of 57 species of spiders belonging to 13 families of Araneae in the sugarcane ecosystem. Of these, only two species viz., Hippasa greenalliae BlackwaH (Lycosidae) and Cyrtophora cicatrosa Stoliczka (Araneidae) were abundant, while six species were less abundant and 49 species were rare in occurrence. The spiders were found to colonize the sugarcane crop 40·45 days after planting. The population of the wolf spider H.greenalliae which comprised more than 70% of the total population increased with age of the crop upto 180 days. There was no significant variation in the population of H.greenalliae in sugarcane cropped field and adjacent fallow land. The orbweaver spider C.cicatrosa started colonizing the crop 100 days after planting of the crop and its population increased upto 240 days. Population of H.greenalliae and that of all the species had negative association with maximum temperature and rainfall and positive association with relative humidity. A reverse trend was noticed in C.cicatrosa. Soil and foliar application of insecticides recommended for the suppression of shoot borer, Chilo infuscatelius Snellen in the early stage of the crop growth did not exert any significant influence on the colonization of spiders. Among the five insecticides tested as foliar sprays at six month old crop, quinalphos, monocrotophos and endosulfan significantly reduced the spider population.

Keywords

Sugarcane Ecosystem, Spiders, Hippasa greenalliae, Cyrtophora cicatrosa.

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• Relative Toxicity of Certain Insecticides To Adelencyrtus mayurai (Subba Rao), A Parasitoid of Sugarcane Scale Insect, Melanaspis glomerata (Green)

Abstract Views :298  |  PDF Views:127

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, H. David ¹, K. Subadra Bai ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 14-17

Abstract

Toxicity of seven insecticides viz.,carbosulfan, dimethoate, malathion, monocrotophos, cypermethrin, decamethrin and fenvalerate each at three concentrations were tested for their relative toxicity to Adelencyrtus mayurai (Subba Rao), the principal parasitoid of sugarcane scale insect, Melanaspis glomerata (Green), by exposing the adults to the treated surface. At recommended concenrratfori, both fenvalerate (31.3% mortality) and deltamethrin (49.9%) proved to be less toxic to the adult parasitoids. Malathion caused 93.0 % mortality, while the other insecticides inflicted cent per cent mortality. The mortality increased with increase in the concentation of the insecticides and decreased with increase in time lag between treatment with insecticide and exposure of the parasitoid to the treated surface.

Keywords

Adelencyrtus mayurai, Parasitoid, Melanaspis glomerata, Insecticide Susceptibility.

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• Occurrence of Beauveria bassiana on Sugarcane Root Borer Emmalocera depressella Swinhoe

Abstract Views :215  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 47-48

Abstract

The ischolar_main borer Emmalocera depressella Swinhoe was considered as a minor pest of sugarcane in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, northern parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (Usman and Puttarudriah, 1955; Avasthy, 1967; Avasthy and Tiwari, 1986). Recently, the pest was observed in Tamil Nadu also. Root borer becomes a sedons pest, when the wilt disease of sugarcane also occurs along with it (Jayanthi and David, 1990). During the survey for ischolar_main borer occurrence in Saraswathi Sugar Mills, Yamunanagar in Haryana, a number of larvae were found to be infected and mummified by a fungal pathogen. The dead larvae became hard and brittle. The body showed pinkish colouration in the initial stages of infection and was covered with a white fluffy fungal mat in the advanced stages. More than 1000 larvae were examined out of which about 10 per cent larvae showed fungal infection.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Sugar Cane Root Borer, Emmalocera depressella.

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• Influence of Dosage of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weitser) S. glaseri Steiner and Heterorbabditis indicus (Poinar, Karuuakar and David) on Mortality of the Host and Multiplication of Infective Juveniles in Sugarcane Internode Borer,

Abstract Views :219  |  PDF Views:128

Authors

G. Karunakar ¹, H. David ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 26-28

Abstract

Steinernema carpocapsae (Welser), S. glaseri (Steiner) and Heterorhabditis indicus (Polnar, Karunakar and David) at an Inoculum level of 40 infective juveniles (IJ) per Illrva caused 97.5 - 100 per cent mortality of Chilo Sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) larvae and the morfality decreased with decrease in dosage levels. There was no significant difference in the mortality caused by the three species of nematodes. The multiplilcation of infective juveniles (IJ) per unit body weight of the host was higher in H. indicus than in S. capcapsae and S. glaseri. The dosage level of 20 IJ/larva yielded significantly high nematode multiplication in S. glaseri (37,335.8 IJ/larva) and H. indicus (2,10,283.3 IJ/larva) while S. carpocapsae multiplied to the maximum at a dosage of 10 IJ/larva (1,35,894.3 IJ).

Keywords

Dosage-Mortality, Multiplication, Steinernema glaseri, S. carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis indicus, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus.

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• Studies on the Pathogenicity of Granulosis Virus of the Sugarcane Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen

Abstract Views :204  |  PDF Views:108

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore- 641 007, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 103-107

Abstract

The granulosis virus of the sugarcane shoot borer. Chilo infuscatellus Snell., was found effective when applied as egg treatment. The mortality of larvae hatched from virus-coated eggs ranged from 26.34 to 81.17 percent at 10³ to 10⁹ OB (occlusion bodies)/ml respectively. The first and second instar larvae were found highly susceptible when fed with virus-contaminated food. The mortality varied from 69.05 to 94.67 per cent at 10³ to 10⁷ OB/ml. When microfed with the virus, third, fourth and fifth instar larvae were killed to an extent of 81.44, 64.15 and 54.62 per cent respectively, when the different doses were considered together. At the highhest dose tried (10⁷ OB/larvae), the virus caused 100.0, 81.90 and 72.01 percent mortality in third, fourth and fifth instar larvae respectively. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of the virus was 1061.2 and 8128.3 OB in third and fourth instar respectively. The LT₅₀ decreased with increase in age of the larvae or decrease in the dosage of the virus.

Keywords

Chilo infuscatellus, Granulosis Virus, Pathogenicity, LD₅₀ and LT₅₀.

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• Occurrence of Fusarium subglutinans on Certain Sugarcane Pests

Abstract Views :168  |  PDF Views:103

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 132-132

Abstract

Fusarium subglutinans is known to infect a number of insect pests. Recently. it was reported to be pathogenic to the sugarcane scale insect. Melanaspis glomerata (Green) (Raghavendran et al., 1987). During the course of our survey, other sugarcane pests like internode borer. Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker and scale insect Pulvinaria elongata Newstead were also found to be infected by the pathogen. In the field, 2-5 per cent of the popUlation was found infected and mummified by the pathogen. The infected insects were found completely covered with a white fungal mat and examination of smears revealed the presence of both macro-and micro conidia which is a characteristic feature of the genus Fusarium.

Keywords

Fusarium subglutinans Natural Infection, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, Scirpophaga excerptalis, Pulvinaria elongata.

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• A Simplified Mass Culturing Technique for Sturmiopsis inferens Tns

Abstract Views :221  |  PDF Views:102

Authors

H. David ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, N. K. Kurup ¹, M. Shanmugasundaram ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 1-3

Abstract

Attempts were made to simplify the culturing technique of the Tachinid parasitold, Sturmiopsis inferens Tns. The results showed that removal of chorion ensheathing the parasltold maggots before inoculation on host larva did not increase the per cent parasitisation significantly and this time consuming step in the breeding technique may be dropped. Modified King's technique in which maggots are suspended in 0.15% agar agar and allowed to find the host larva on their own was as effective as that of hand inoculation of individual host larva with parasitic maggots (Scaramuzza's technique). Both these modifications in the breeding technique enabled mass production of the parasite at reasonabte cost.

Keywords

Sturmiopsis inferens, Mass Culturing.

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• Safety of Two Granulosis Viruses Infecting Sugarcane Borers to Albino Rats

Abstract Views :187  |  PDF Views:100

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, IN
2 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 35-39

Abstract

Male and female albino rats fed with two granulosis viruses, one Infecting sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus snell. and the other Infecting Internode borer, C. sacchartphagus indicus (Kapur) at a dose equal to 100 × 2.5 × l0¹⁴ inclusion bodies/75 kg man did not show any mortality abnormality in general behaviour, food consumption, body weight gain, gross necropsies, clinical chemistry and haematological examinations, When the rats were injected with the viruses intra peritoneally at 1.1 × 10¹² inclusion bodies/rat (average body weight 80.7 g) also, no harmful effect could be detected.

Keywords

Granulosis Virus, Safety, Albino Rats.

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• Pathogenicity and Host Range of Beauveria nr. bassiana, a Fungal Pathogen of Chilo infuscatellus Snellen

Abstract Views :202  |  PDF Views:113

Authors

P. Sivasankaran ¹, S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, H. David ¹

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 48-51

Abstract

Second and third Instar larvae of the shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snell., were more susceptible (51.47 to 65.2 %) to the fungus, Beauveria nr. bassiana even at a low dosage (10⁵ or 10⁶ spores/ml), At 10⁷ spores/ml, the mortality observed was 68.53-75.93 %. Mortality of the larvae decreased with increase in larval age or decrease in the concentration of the fungus. The fungus took less time to cause mortality in second instar larvae and the incubation period Increased with Increase in the age of the larvae or decrease in the dosage. All the six species of phytophagous insects tested Viz., Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur), C. partellus Swinhoe, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker, Sesamia inferens Walker, Heliothis arniigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius were susceptible to the fungal Infection. The mean mortailty of third Instar larvae varied from 50.0 to 65.0 per cent in the different species. The fungus was not infective to Sturmiopsis inferens Tns. the principal larval parasite of the shoot borer.

Keywords

Beauveria nr. bassiana, Chilo infuscatellus, Pathogenicity, Host Range.

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• Further Studies on the Cross Infectivity of Granulosis Viruses of Sugarcane Borers

Abstract Views :172  |  PDF Views:121

Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 109-111

Abstract

The sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snell. and internode borer, C. sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Crambidae:Lepidoptera) were found susceptible to two granulosis viruses (GV) (Easwaramoorthy and David, 1979; Mehta and David, 1980). The GV of shoot borer (CiGV) propagated in the laboratory and applied in the field was effective in the suppression of the pest (Easwaramoorthy and Santhalakshmi, 1988). The GV of internode borer (CsiGV) was highly pathogenic to the host in the laboratory (Easwaramoorthy, 1984). It is difficult to mass rear C. infuscatellus and C. sacchariphagus indicus on artificial diets, though a diet is available for limited multiplication of internode borer (Mehta and David, 1978), Hence attempts were made to infect other related hosts (Easwaramoorthy and Jayaraj, 1987) so that they can serve as alternate hosts for production of the viruses. But none of them was found susceptible to the GVs. In the present study, some more hosts were tested for their susceptibility to the two GVs.

Keywords

Granulosis Viruses, Chilo infuscatellus, C. sacchariphagus indicus, Cross Infection.

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• Effect of Temperature and Storage Time on the, Infectivity of Granulosis Virus of Sugarcane Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snell

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Authors

S. Easwaramoorthy ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
2 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 106-108

Abstract

The susceptibility of sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snell., to the granulosis virus at four different rearing temperatures viz., 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and the infectivity of the virus stored at three different temperatures viz., 0, 4 and 28 °C for three years were studied. The virus caused high and rapid mortality of third instar larvae when the post-treatment temperature ranged from 30-35 °C. There was a decrease in the mortality rate and an increase in the time taken for kill with decrease in the temperature. Bioassay studies indicated that infectivity of the virus was not reduced significantly even when the virus was stored for three years either at 0, 4 or 28 °C.

Keywords

Granulosis Virus, Chilo infuscatellus, Temperature, Storage, Infectivity.

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