Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Deepa ¹, V. Subbiah Bharathi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 DMI College of Engineering,Chennai, IN

Abstract

Segmentation of the Region of Interest (ROI) is the first and crucial step in the analysis of digital mammogram images since the success of any Computer Aided Diagnostic (CADx) system depends greatly on the accuracy of the segmentation of the ROI from the mammogram images. Finding an accurate, robust and efficient ROI segmentation technique still remains a challenge in digital mammography. In this paper we have proposed an efficient Otsu's N thresholding method for segmenting regions of interest from the mammogram images. Digital Mammograms are taken from the mini MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society) database for the purpose of experimentation and the results obtained are scaled to full color. Results show that the proposed method is efficient and is in concurrence with the ground truth table available in the database.

Keywords

Digital Mammograms, MIAS Database, Region of Interest (ROI), Otsu's N Thresholding, Segmentation

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S. Deepa ¹, Kadhar Nawaz ²

Affiliations
1 Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Computer Applications, Sona College of Technology, Salem, IN

Abstract

Mobility and node density are the two major factors which has much influence on the performance of any routing protocol of mobile adhoc network.  Several previous works [1, 2, 3, 4, 13] highlighted this fact. In this paper, we will evaluate some of the widely used MANET routing protocols with different mobility and network density.

The proposed evaluation will be made on MANET routing protocols DSDV, DSR and AODV which are readily available in network simulator- ns2. The performance of these protocols will be measured with suitable metrics.

Keywords

AODV, DSDV, DSR Mobile Ad hoc Network, Mobility Aware Routing, Routing Overhead, Route Discovery, Routing Protocols.

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S. Deepa ¹, V. SubbiahBharathi ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 DMI College of Engineering, Chennai, IN

Abstract

In this paper we have proposed three different approaches for extracting the Region Of Interest (ROI) in digital mammogram images. Segmentation of the Region of Interest is the first and crucial step in the analysis of digital mammogram images since the success of any Computer Aided Diagnostic (CADx) system depends greatly on the accuracy of the segmentation of the ROI from the mammogram images. Finding an accurate, robust and efficient ROI segmentation technique still remains a challenging problem in digital mammography analysis. Three different segmentation techniques viz., Otsu‟s N thresholding method, k means clustering, and efficient marker controlled watershed transform are applied on the digital mammogram and their results are compared. The results are compared based on the ROI area extracted from the original mammogram image. From the results obtained Otsu‟s N thresholding and k means clustering methods prove to be promising compared to marker controlled watershed transform.

Keywords

Digital Mammograms, K Means Clustering, Marker Controlled Watershed Transform, Otsu‟s N Thresholding, Region of Interest.

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S. Deepa ¹, V. Sadasivam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, National College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, IN
2 PSN College of Engineering, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli, IN

Abstract

Multispectral images are images with high spatial, spectral and radiometric resolution. Efficient multispectral image compression plays a key role in most of the geographical applications. The three important phases involved in a adaptive technique are transformation, clustering and encoding based on the resultant clusters. The existing methods like SPIHT, STW, WDR, and ASWDR are used as the base for Adaptive encoding techniques. The methods adopted are the recent wavelet compression techniques adopted for high dimensional images. The paper proposes the adaptive encoding technique and different combination of encoding techniques are evaluated and an efficient technique (E –Ad) is identified by comparing the results using the metrics Peak Signal to Noise Ratio as well as Compression Ratio. The proposed compression technique preserves the unique spectral characteristics of the multispectral image. The compressed image, can be efficiently used as preprocessing for many enhancement techniques and for object classification mechanisms. The E-Ad technique overtakes many of the state of art algorithms.

Keywords

ASWDR, E–Ad, SPIHT, STW, WDR.

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S. Deepa ¹, S. Rajapandian ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is one of the custom power devices that are used as an effective solution for the protection of sensitive loads against voltage disturbances in power distribution system. The efficiency of the DVR depends on the performance of the efficiency control technique involved in switching the inverters. Z-source inverters are recent topological options proposed for buck–boost energy conversion with a number of possible voltage- and current-type circuitries. Common feature noted is their inclusion of an LC impedance network, placed between the dc input source and inverter bridge. This impedance network allows the output end of a voltage-type Z-source inverter to be shorted for voltage boosting without causing a large current flow and the terminal current of a current-type inverter to be interrupted for current boosting without introducing over voltage oscillations to the system. Therefore, Z-source inverters are, in effect, safer and less complex and can be implemented using only passive elements with no additional active semiconductor needed. Believing in the prospects of Z-source inverters, this paper contributes by introducing a new family of embedded Z-source inverters that can produce the same gain as the Z-source inverters but with smoother and smaller current/voltage maintained across the dc input source and within the impedance network. . Simulation results are presented to illustrate and understand the performances of DVR with IEEE 30 -bus system in supporting load voltages under voltage sags conditions.

Keywords

DVR, Z-Source Inverter, Power Quality.

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S. Deepa ¹

Affiliations
1 Presidency College, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

In this paper, the widely used MANET routing protocols are evaluated with different mobility and network density. Several previous works [1,2] highlighted this fact. The proposed evaluation will be made on MANET routing protocols DSDV, DSR and AODV using network simulator- ns2. The performance of these protocols will be evaluated using different metrics.

Keywords

Mobile Adhoc Network, Routing Overhead, Route Discovery, Mobility Aware Routing, Routing Protocols, DSDV, DSR, AODV.

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S. Deepa ¹, K. Kanimozhi ², A. Panneerselvam ²

Affiliations
1 P.G. Research Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi-613503, Thanjavur Dist, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 P.G. Research Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi-613503, Thanjavur Dist, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The soil sample was collected from the salt pan of Bay of Bengal at Vedaranyam,Nagapattinam (Dt.) Tamilnadu, India. The physico-chemical parameters at the sample were analyzed by using standard procedures.Totally 10 actinomycetes were isolated and identified from the salt pan soil sample. Two actinomycetes namely Jonesia denitrificans and Nocardia amarae were dominant in their growth out of 10 isolated actinomycetes.

Antibacterial activity of Jonesia denitrificans and Nocardia amarae were studied against five human bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae and Klebsiella pneumonia. The acetone extract of Nocardia amarae exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (25 mm). The isolation, characterization and the study on actinomycetes can be useful in the discovery of antibiotics.

Keywords

Antibacterial Activity, Marine Actinomycetes, Jonesia denitrificans.

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S. Deepa ¹, P. Bhuvanehswari ², K. Kanimozhi ¹, A. Panneerselvam ¹

Affiliations
1 PG and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College, (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, A.V.C College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, IN

Abstract

Alcaligenes eutrophus was collected from MTCC bank and purity was checked according to the guidelines of Bergey's manual of bacteriology. The PHB production ability of the culture was tested by "Granular stains method". The test organism was grown in synthetic and various industrial waste based medium (Molasses, seasame oil waste) at different concentration (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%).The PHB producer grown in synthetic and various industrial waste based medium and PHB was extracte and estimated by using UV spectrophotometer. The pure form of PHB powder was collected and studied by Infrared analysis. In the present study, the high PHB production was seen in Alcaligenes eutrophus grown in 40% concentration of seasame oil waste when compared with other substrate and synthetic medium. The present study concludes that the seasame oil waste based medium and Alcaligenes eutrophus used for PHB production in large scale that minimize the cost of the product. Thus we can minimize the use of petroleum-derived plastics and by which we can live in a plastic pollution free earth.

Keywords

PHB, Molasses, Seasame Oil Waste, Alcaligenes eutrophus.

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S. Deepa ¹, S. Rajapandian ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), a custom power device, has been proposed to mitigate voltage sags, thereby protecting sensitive loads. The voltage-restoration process involves real-power injection into the distribution system. The Interline DVR (IDVR) proposed in this paper provides a way to compensate the voltage deviation caused in a feeder. The IDVR consists of several DVRs connected to different distribution feeders in the power system sharing common energy storage. Here, one DVR in the IDVR system works in voltage-sag/swell compensation mode while the other DVR in the IDVR system operate in power-flow control mode. The single phase model of the IDVR system is illustrated which is operated by Multiple Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Close loop control for sag/swell for a simple system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB software. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IDVR system.

Keywords

Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), Power Flow Control Mode, Series Compensation, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

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S. Deepa ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode, Kunnamangalam - 673570, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the existence of computer-related health problems among white-collar employees; and to suggest a blueprint for prevention. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A study was conducted across segments among white-collar employees from South India with a participant volume of 259. The chi-square test in SPSS version 22 was used for analyzing the results. Findings: The existence of visual problems in the participant set was 65% (168/259), and musculoskeletal problems were conveyed by 67% (173/259) whilst 32% (84/259) experienced stressful signs. The study established that there was a steady upsurge in visual complaints as the total hours working on computers added day by day. Similar link was discovered for musculoskeletal complications. Improvements/Applications: A lot of research on the topic has been done already. The blueprint that should be communicated to the employees to tackle the computer-related health concerns makes it exclusive. The evidence can be used by employers to cultivate a practice and very essentially, will navigate them in building a well-informed workforce. It will also facilitate them modify the workplace to augment employer branding.

Keywords

Action Plan, Health Problems, Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, White-Collar Employees.

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S. Deepa ¹

Affiliations
1 Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, KRS Road, Metagalli, Mysuru – 570016, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Query optimization in fuzzy relational databases aims to come out with a minimal execution cost for the available execution strategies. Each type of cost is estimated by a cost function. All cost functions together with their parameters and assumptions forms a cost model for the fuzzy query optimizer. The cost function usually takes the size of tables as inputs. It is possible that exact information is not available where by fuzzy data is assumed. Also estimating the nature of different cost models needs to be examined. A fuzzy cost function is used for this purpose which produces a fuzzy value that represents a soft estimate of the real cost while a traditional crisp cost function, produces a hard crisp estimate.

Keywords

Fuzzy Data, Query Optimization, Cost Function.

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Samuel Rajesh Babu ¹, S. Deepa ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EIE, Sathyabama University, Chennai-119, IN
2 Department of EEE, Panimalar Institute of Technology, Chennai-123, IN

Abstract

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is used in power distribution system to protect sensitive loads in voltage disturbances. The performance of DVR is related to the adopted configuration and control strategy used for inverters. In this paper, matrix converter with reduced number of switches (RMC) is used to improve operation of DVR to compensate voltage sag/swell. Simulation results using MATLAB/ Simulink are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and the practicality of the proposed novel Dynamic Voltage Restorer topology. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is calculated. The simulation results of new DVR presented in this paper, are found quite satisfactory to eliminate voltage sag/swell.

Keywords

DVR, Matrix Converter, Swell, THD and Voltage Sag.

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D. Gopi ¹, S. Deepa ²

Affiliations
1 College of Nursing, Kannur Medical College, Anjarakandy, Kannur, Kerala, IN
2 Iqraa International Hospital and Research Centre, Malaparamba, Calicut, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Alcohol abuse and its related problems are on the increase in India. Most of the problems can be minimized, by making the public aware of the complications related to alcohol abuse. A descriptive evaluator approach was used for this study. The study was carried out at chova higher secondary school at Kannur among higher school boys . The sample comprised of 100 students. Sample was selected by using convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test and regression coefficient). The results of this study showed that school students in general lacked knowledge and attitude (pretest knowledge score is 8.69 and attitude score is 24.98) about alcohol abuse and its adverse effects before the education programme. The findings of this study support the need for conducting educational programme to increase the knowledge and attitude (post-test knowledge score and attitude score is 16.69 and 44.45, t value is 18.937 with regard to knowledge and 29.92 with regard to attitude which is significant at 0.01 level of school students on alcohol abuse and its related problems. Educating the youth and providing them with correct information can help them to avoid bad habits and develop as healthy citizens.

Keywords

Alcohol Abuse, School Students, Structured Teaching Programme, Pre-Experimental Study, Evaluatory Approach.

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M. Aalelai Vendhan ¹, S. Deepa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai – 600123, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To reduce the leakage power dissipation and minimize the propagation delay, a Fin FET based 8-bit adder architecture is constructed. The performance metrics of these structures are calculated over a range of temperatures and are compared with the MOSFET based 8-bit adder architecture. Various logic styles are utilized for constructing the adder. Method/Analysis: A Ripple carry adder structure is employed. The existing adder architecture is constructed using 90nm MOSFET technology. The proposed adder architecture is constructed using 32nm FINFET technology. The various logic styles employed are Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor logic (CMOS), Complementary Pass-Transistor Logic (CPL), Transmission Gate logic (TG) and Gate Diffusion Input logic (GDI). Cadence Virtuoso is used for designing purpose and simulation is performed using Spectre. Findings: Key performance metrics like static power, dynamic power, leakage power, delay and power delay product are calculated. The dynamic power of MOSFET architecture ranges from 7.42μW to 882.6μW. The dynamic power of FINFET architecture ranges from 0.407nW to 156.2nW. The static power (inputs at high logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.001μW to 945.76μW. The static power (inputs at high logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.725pW to 170.4nW. The static power (inputs at low logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.94nW to 1.68mW. The static power (inputs at low logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.127pW to 305.3nW. The leakage power (inputs at high logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 1.27nW to 134.7μW. The leakage power (inputs at high logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.36pW to 24.77nW. The leakage power (inputs at low logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.54nW to 139.9μW. The leakage power (inputs at low logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.15nW to 227.6nW. The delay of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.344μs to 0.46μs. The delay of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.19μs to 0.28μs. The power delay product of MOSFET architecture ranges from 2.66 to 405.99. The power delay product of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.83 to 29.67. Novelty/Improvements: The FINFET adder architecture proved to be effective in reducing the propagation delay and leakage power dissipation. This may find usage in high performance devices like microchips and supercomputers.

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S. Deepa ¹, Savithra Rathinasabapathy , D. Dhivyadarshani ¹

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The field of periodontics has evolved over the period of years in classification, etiology and management of the periodontal disease. Biofilms are spatially and functionally organized, and environmentally heterogenous, enabling organisms to co-exist that appear incompatible with one another. Dental plaque is a classic example of both biofilm and microbial community. As the concepts of the etiology of the disease kept evolved, so did the management strategies.

Keywords

Periodontics, Dental Plaque, Biofilm.

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