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R. I. S. Gill , S. S. Gill

Abstract

The problem of exudation of phenolic compounds from the exposed cuts ends of Eucalyptus was less severe in the explant taken from the basal and middle portion of the branch. Further the use of PVP, caffeine and activated charcoal in the culture media as well as in the form of solution Was not helpful in solving the problem of phenols. The best results were obtained when the explants were frequently subcultured after every 3-4 days on the same medium used for the proliferation of shoots.

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S. S. Gill

Abstract

This is in continuation of the earlier paper, 'Milk Supply and Distribution in Amritsar', published in September 1959, (Vol. 1, No. 3), issue of this jorunal. There we presented an analysis of milk supply and distribution in Amritsar city, during 1956-57.

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S. S. Gill , K. S. Sandhu

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of data regarding milk supply and disbribution in Amritsar city, during 1956-57. The data were mainly collected in the field by the authors, and some information was collected from the records of the Amritsar Municipality and of the State Agricultural Department.

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S. S. Gill

Abstract

In India, agriculture is predominantly organized in family farms where work is carried on by family labour with the help of hired labour. The hiring of labour is on permanent or casual basis. Thus, there are two criteria for classification of farm labour: (1) family or hired; and (2) permanent or casual. The second classification cuts across the first. Permanent farm workers comprise family farm workers and permanent farm servants (attached workers). A permanent farm worker is the most important part of the farm labour-force. Its proportion to the total farm labour-force varies in different parts of the country. This proportion is highest in the Punjab, because the majority of farms are operated by peasant-proprietors, and there is a general practice of engaging labour on a permanent basis.

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S. S. Gill ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Evening Studies, Punjab University, Chandisali-14, IN

Abstract

The quest for home highlights the dilemmas of an expatriate community or individual and arises questions, which introduce fissures in a neatly devised discourse of ischolar_mainedness and belongingness. In his fiction, he explores the fissures and interstices in the overseas community of Gujarati traders who migrated to Africa in the late 19th century, during the height of colonialism. The axis of Vassanji’s fiction is the rigorous questioning of his own community’s history. Tied with this recollection of his community’s past is his reconstruction of the East African as well as the North American history. Africa and America provide the backdrop to the Indian lives that he re-members and reconstructs. However, the relationship of the writers of Indian origin with Africa has not been very pleasant. Naipaul has come under fire from African scholars for his negative portrayal of Africans in his writings. It has been argued that the Indian perception of Africa is not different from that of the white writers. Naipual’s response to the Caribbean reality and presence of African majority can be argued to be more complex and self-searching, here one can not overlook the scorn peering through Naipaul’s writings. Vassanji’s attitude towards Africa is more sympathetic. His tone is more yielding. Though he has migrated to Canada via the United States, his emotional ties with Africa are kept intact. For Vassanji, the Chronicler of his community’s history, sojourn in Africa and later in North America becomes defining forces responsible for shaping up the present of the small migrant Indian community to which he belongs. The reconstruction of his community’s history is not the only concern of Vassanji. As a writer he wishes to understand his present and sees it as his duty to locate displaced and the other marginal communities in shifting power relations. It is important for Vassanji to “begin at the beginning” to talk about the past.

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