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Kanak Shahi ¹, S. R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad U.P., IN

Abstract

Present study has been carried out to observe changes in metabolism of Brassica nigra due to infection caused by certain seed brone fungi viz., Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria brassicae and Pythium aphanidermatum.

Keywords

Brassica Nigra, Seed Brone Fungi, Metabolic Studies

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Kanak Shahi , S. R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad U.P., IN

Abstract

The present study has been carried out to find out the effects of seed borne fungi on enzyme activities of Brassica nigra CV. MAHI GOLD. Seeds of brassica nigra were inoculated with three different pathogenic fungal species viz., Pythium aphanidermatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria brassicae. Activity of some enzyme increased in infected plants whereas activity of some other enzymes decreased in the same infected pants. Some other enzyme i.e. nitrate reductase and super oxide dismutase were almost equal to healthy plants. However, activity of some other enzymes of the healthy and infected plants was unchanged.

Keywords

Brassica Nigra, Seed Borne Fungi, Enzymatic Studies

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Kanak Shahi ¹, S. R. Yadav ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad, U.P., IS
2 Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad, U.P., IN

Abstract

The present communication deals with the effect of some seed borne fungi by Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum on leaf area ratio , leaf weight ratio, hight of seedlings, Biomass and histopathological studies of the plant on an oil crop Brassica nigra cv. MAHI GOLD at Faizabad district of eastern U.P. during 2008 - 2009.

Keywords

Brassica Nigra, Seed Borne Fungi, Growth Pattern, Histopathology

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S. R. Yadav ¹, S. P. Gaikwad ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 11 0 007, IN
2 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416 004, IN

Abstract

Unigeneric family Aponogetonaceae, represented by about 44 species of Aponogeton L. f. is distributed in tropics and subtropics of the Old World. The genus Aponogeton is represented by 7 species in India. Detailed taxonomic account including synonymy, morphology, phenology, distribution, ecology, taxonomic note if any, chromosome number and key to the Indian species of Aponogeton is presented in this paper.

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M. Y. Kamble ¹, S. R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, IN

Abstract

Family Asclepiadaceae is represented by 250 genera and ca 3000 species mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is represented by 43 genera and ca 243 species in India, of which, 31 genera, 82 species, 2 subspecies and 7 varieties are known from the State of Maharashtra. The family is well known for endemism, most elaborate complicated flower of all the dicots and contrivances for pollination. Most of the members of the family are restricted in distribution and many of them fall under some IUCN categories of rare plants. Many of the species are not available for taxonomic studies due to rarity of plant materials. Similarly fleshy nature of flowers makes it difficult to study floral structure in dried herbarium specimens. During last decade, deliberate attempts were made to collect asclepiads of Maharashtra and study their characters in fresh and prickled liquid preserved materials. During 10 years intensive survey of asclepiads of Maharashtra, about 63 species of the total 82 species reported for the State have been collected, documented, photographed, studied and reported in the present paper. The genus Ceropegia alone accounts for 24 species and 2 varieties for the state. Photographs of asclepiad flowers are found to be of paramount value in easy identifications than their descriptions. The paper gives an account of Asclepiads of Maharashtra, their distribution and present field status.

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S. P. Gaikwad ¹, M. M. Sardesai ¹, S. R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, IN

Abstract

Data on aquatic flowering plants of South-Western Maharashtra is given and 303 species, 2 subspecies and 6 varieties belonging to 145 genera and 73 Families of aquatic and semiaquatic flowering plants are enumerated in the present paper.

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V. B. Shimpale ¹, C. B. Salunkhe ², N. K. Dravid ³, S. R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, IN
2 Department of Botany, Krishna Mahavidyalaya, Rethare, IN
3 Balaji Hospital and Research Center, Guruwar Peth, Satara, IN

Abstract

Man in all ages has used plants to cure diseases and relieving physical suffering. Even in this age of modem medicines, Indian system of folk medicine continues to provide medicinal relief for about 75% of our population. The studies on medicinal uses of flowering plants of south-western Maharashtra revealed that some of the medicinal uses of flowering plants have not been recorded in scientific community. In the present paper, so far unknown uses of some flowering plants of south-western Maharashtra are recorded. This will help scientific community to undertake further investigations on plants of the region.

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Preeti D. Mahekar ¹, S. R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, IN

Abstract

Sixty nine samples folk medicines produced from local market have been characterized botanically and pharmacognostically. Botanical characterization has been done by actual comparison of authentic samples with that of market samples. The present paper deals with enumeration of these species used in folk medicine and gives correct botanical identity of plant materials, their common names, local names, parts used and botanical diagnostic characters.

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Priyanka Bairagi ¹, S. R. Yadav ¹, Dinesh Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, BIKANER (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, BIKANER (RAJASTHAN), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, BIKANER (RAJASTHAN), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Niche area of Excellence Farm, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during Rabi season, 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications consisted of four levels NPK fertilizers through drip irrigation (control, 75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of NPK fertilizer) in main plots and four levels of FYM (control, 10, 20 and 30 t ha^-1) in sub plots. The soil of experimental site was loamy sand in texture containing 78.85, 18.80 and 180.00 kg ha^-1 available N, P and K, respectively in 0-15 cm soil depth with pH 8.68, EC 0.28 dS m^-1 and OC 0.15 per cent. A significant increase of diameter of bulb at equatorial and polar was recorded with application of 100per cent recommended dose of NPK fertilizer over control and 75per cent recommended dose of NPK fertilizer through drip irrigation. Maximum diameter of bulb of onion at equatorial and polar was recorded with addition of 30 t FYM ha^-1 as compared to control, 10 and 20 t FYM ha^-1. Significant increase of 18.33 and 7.51 per cent in fruit weight of onion was recorded with the application of 100 per cent recommended dose as compared to control and 75 per cent recommended dose through drip irrigation, respectively. Incorporation of FYM 10, 20 and 30 t ha^-1 registered an increase in bulb weight of onion in order of 10.55, 18.73 and 26.06 per cent, respectively over no incorporation of FYM. A significant increase in the bulb and stover yield of onion with application of 100 per cent recommended dose of NPK fertilizer over control and 75 per cent recommended dose of NPK fertilizer through drip irrigation. Significant increase of 55.35 and 13.56 per cent inbulb yield of onion was recorded with the application of 100 per cent recommended dose as compared to control and 75 per cent recommended dose through drip irrigation. Bulb yield of onion increased significantly with addition of FYM 30 t ha^-1. Incorporation of FYM 10, 20 and 30 t ha^-1 registered an increase in bulb yield of onion in order of 26.71, 47.33 and 63.74 per cent, respectively over no incorporation of FYM. Combination of 100 per cent recommended dose of NPK fertilizer along with 30 t FYM ha^-1 also resulted in significantly increased bulb yield of onion over other combinations of fertilizer levels and FYM levels except 125per cent recommended dose of NPK fertilizer along with 30 t FYM ha^-1.

Keywords

Onion, FYM, NPK, Fertigation, Growth, Yield.

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U. B. Jagtap ¹, M. M. Lekhak ², D. P. Fulzele ³, S. R. Yadav ², V. A. Bapat ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416 004, IN
2 Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416 004, IN
3 Plant Biotechnology and Secondary Metabolites Section, NA and BT Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, IN

Abstract

Galanthamine, an isoquinoline alkaloid and the current drug of choice for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, is mainly obtained from Amaryllidaceae members. At present, the production of galanthamine from available natural plant sources is not sufficient to meet the demands of pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, overexploitation of the plant material leads to the depletion of available natural wild populations. Therefore, there is a need to explore additional natural sources for the extraction of this drug. Thus the aim of this study is to determine galanthamine content in five Indian Crinum species. The bulbs of each Crinum species were extracted with methanol. Extracts were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. The chromatographic separation was performed using an isocratic system with a mobile phase of methanol:5 mM (NH₄)₂HPO₄ (55:45 v/v) applied at a flow rate 0.8 ml/min using a UV detector at 288 nm. Among all the Crinum species studied, the highest galanthamine content was found in the bulbs of C. malabaricum Lekhak&S.R. Yadav (0.308 ± 0.004%), followed by C. viviparum (Lam.) R. Ansari&V.J. Nair (locality Ratnagiri; 0.262 ± 0.042%). However, C. brachynema Herb. and C. pratense Herb. (locality Borbet) showed the lowest and equal galanthamine content (0.029 ± 0.000%) in their bulbs. Galanthamine was not detected in the bulbs of C. latifolium L. This study identifies novel plant sources of galanthamine, which may be helpful for pharmaceutical production of galanthamine. The present study provides a quantitative comparison of galanthamine among Indian Crinum species.

Keywords

Alzheimer Disease, Chromatography Liquid, Crinum Species, Galanthamine.

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G. C. Yadav ¹, S. R. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, K. S. Saket P. G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad-224 123, U.P., IN

Abstract

Total and individual chlorophylls, a and b, total water soluble carbohydrates and dry weight of Triticum aestivum var. Malvia-212 were determined following the treatment with different concentrations of the sugar factory wastewater. Concentrated effluents showed marked effect and reduced these contents significantly which may be attributed to the reduced number of leaves and leaf area. The reduced growth and biomass are result of high concentration of soluble salts and heavy metals present therein, which possibly interfere with the absorption of water and minerals.

Keywords

Sugar Factory Waste, Triticum aestivum, Chlorophyll, Carbohydrate Content, Heavy Metals, Magnesium Uptake.

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Dinesh Kumar ¹, S. R. Yadav ¹, Ramandeep Kaur ¹, Anirudh Choudhary ¹, Brij Singh Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out for assessment of soil fertility status of Jaisalmer district of western Rajasthan. For this purpose 125 representative soil samples were collected from two Panchayat Samiti i.e. Sankda village Ujala and Jaisalmer village Basanpeer and Amersagar of Jaisalmer district. These soil samples were analyzed for soil properties, macro and micronutrient fertility status. The soils were moderately alkaline to very strongly alkaline in reaction with an average pH of 9.75. The EC value varied from 0.05 to 0.71 dS/m with average value of EC is 0.25 dS/m. The organic carbon content ranged from 0.01 to 0.70 per cent with an average value of 0.09 per cent. Available nitrogen, phosphorus (P₂O₅), potassium (K₂O) and sulphur (ppm) content of the soils ranged from 13.53 to 230.07, 5.43 to 56.72, 170.13 to 379.95 kg ha^-1 and 0.88 to 21.76 ppm with an average value of 131.95, 25.96, 258.13 kg ha^-1 and 11.34 ppm, respectively. However, available micronutrient DTPA Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn ranges varied from 0.04-1.63, 1.05-3.94, 0.01-0.21 and 0.14-2.88 ppm with an average value of 0.51, 0.21, 0.09 and 1.55 ppm per hectare, respectively. Among major nutrients, about 100 per cent of the soil samples were low in available nitrogen, 57.60, 36.00 and 6.40 per cent soil samples were observed to be low, medium and high in available P₂O₅, 87.20 and 12.80 per cent samples were in medium and high in available K. whereas, 44.80, 54.40 and 0.80 per cent soil samples were observed to be low, medium and high in available sulphur. Nutrient indexing of the areas was low for N (1.00), Cu (1.016) and Mn (1.112), whereas, it was medium in case of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, DTPA-Zn and Fe. With respect to micro-nutrients 66.40, 46.40, 99.2, 94.40 per cent samples were found to be deficient in DTPA-Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn, respectively. The correlation studies among the chemical characteristics showed that organic carbon contributed most towards nutrient availability and found to be positively correlated with all parameters except pH and Zn.

Keywords

Soil Fertility, Soil Nutrient Index, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu.

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Jaswinder Kaur ¹, Pradyumn Kumar ¹, S. B. Suby ², J. C. Sekhar ³, Anjali Upadhyaya ⁴, J. K. Bana ⁵, S. R. Yadav ⁶

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi - 110012, IN
3 ICAR-Winter Nursery Centre, Rajendernagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, IN
4 49/3, Grainger Avenue, Ashfield-2131, NSW, AU
5 Agricultural Experimental Station, At and Post Paria-396145, Valsad, Gujarat, IN
6 Harnathpura, Post-Jorpura-303328, Via Jobner, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

The incidence of egg and larval parasitoids of Chilo partellus was monitored in insecticide free maize fields at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for three Kharif seasons of 2013 to 2015. The hymenopteran parasitoid, Trichogramma sp. was recorded to be the only egg parasitoid in this area, while a good number of larvae were parasitized by braconid, Cotesia flavipes. The egg parasitism was recorded on the freshly laid eggs of stem borer obtained by artificially releasing the adults of C. partellus on maize cultivars, HQPM1 and PMH1, at 12 days after germination. There was no egg parasitism recorded during Kharif 2013 and 2014, whereas 5.6 percent egg-mass parasitism by Trichogramma sp. was recorded during Kharif, 2015. The larval parasitoids were monitored by artificially infesting the maize plants with neonates of laboratory reared C. partellus. The larvae were allowed to develop on maize plants under field conditions for 20 days. The plants showing stem borer damage were cut and brought to the laboratory. The larvae collected from infested maize plants were reared in the laboratory. The maggots of C. flavipes recovered from parasitized larvae ranged from 29-100, 41-50 and 20-80 percent during Kharif 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The result of this study indicated that parasitism by Cotesia was influenced by age of plants damaged by C. partellus. The young maize plants seemed to be more attractive to the foraging of Cotesia and more stem borer larvae were parasitized on these plants as the maximum (58 percent) parasitism was observed at 40-day-old crop. The parasitoid was found to be active on maize from 40-60 days after germination and the incidence decreased thereafter. Insecticides should not be used during this period. The current studies also revealed that host densities had no significant effect on percentage parasitism by Cotesia.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Chilo partellus, Cotesia, Maize, Trichogramma.

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