Informatics Publishing Limited

P. Pavan Kumar , S. R. Reddy , S. M. Reddy

Abstract

Mycorrhizal Dependency (MD) of twenty nine agroforestry tree species saplings was investigated. Highest MD was exhibited by Azadirachta indica followed by Albizia lebbek, Diospyros melanoxylon, Mangifera indica, Murraya koenigii, Polyalthia longifolia, Psidium guava, Saraha indica and Zizyphus mauritiana have not shown any mycorrhizal dependency. No correlation was observed between the percent of infection and MD. Based on the MD, the present agroforestry tree species are categorized into three types viz., highly dependent, moderately dependent and non-dependent.

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M. P. Singh ¹, P. P. Bhojvaid ¹, S. R. Reddy ¹, Jawaid Ashraf ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

The shift from decrease to a trend of increasing forest cover associated with economic development of a nation or to a geographical region is referred to as forest transition. Studies indicate that earlier stage of human development is marked by high forest cover and low deforestation but increase in incomes accelerate the rate of deforestation leading to loss of forest cover; but at incomes beyond a certain level, the rate of deforestation reduces; then the trend reverses and a slow increase in forest cover is seen. Evidences of Indian forest transition were tried to be traced from the Land Use and Land Cover Change for the period 1880-1980. Supplementing this data with the recent forest cover data of FSI from 1990 onwards, an attempt has been made to characterize forest transition in India. Deforestation was the dominating aspect in the initial temporal phase (till 1980), large scale afforestation/rehabilitation, social forestry and agro-forestry programmes of the state and central governments dominated the temporal phase of forest transition in India during the period of 1980-2000. Conservation and sustainable management of forests dominated the later phase 3 (Beyond 2000). Timber production from government forests gradually declined about 2 million m from the forests (excluding trees outside forests) in 2010 while most of the wood produced in the country come from trees outside forests (TOF) grown in private lands under agro-forestry, along the roads, canal, homesteads, etc. It's predicted that in a business as usual scenario, the forest transition in India will follow the trend as established in the last three decades and it is projected that the forest cover will increase to 71.34 million hectare in 2020. Forest transition trajectory in the forest transition curve indeed serves an easy instrument for testing the effectiveness of government interventions and policy implications.

Keywords

Afforestation, Conservation, Forest Cover Change, Forest Transition, Deforestation, Forest Degradation, Policy Implications

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M. P. Singh ¹, S. R. Reddy ¹, Jawaid Ashraf ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

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Keywords

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Ashish Kute ¹, Prakash Goudanavar ¹, Doddayya Hiremath ¹, S. R. Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, NET Pharmacy College, Raichur-584 103, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The present work deals with the preparation of perindopril erbumine proniosomal gel by coaservation phase separation method by using different surfactants in different ratios. The prepared proniosomal formulation were evaluated for Vesicle size analysis, Surface morphological studies, Rate of spontaneity, encapsulation efficiency, In vitro release Stability studies kinetic data analysis. The vesicle of proniosome varied between 15.13±4.65μm to24.05±2.10μm (without agitation) from 4.65±5.89μm to 9.7±0.15μm (with agitation), Rate of spontaneity between 9.10±0.65mm³×1000 to 15.26±5.35mm³×1000, % encapsulation efficiency between 70.72±0.39% to 76.43±5.56%. In vitro release profile indicated that, increases in liphophilicity of surfactants decreases release of perindopril erbumine from proniosomal formulations. Among the various formulation studied, proniosomal gel with T20:T60 in ratio of 900:100showed the highest % of drug release (80.03%) over period of 24 hrs. Cumulative amount of drug permeated through rat abdominal skin for optimized formulation was found to be 75.263%. The mechanism of drug release was Non-Fickin diffusion controlled zero order kinetics for optimized formulations PNG3, PNG6, PNG9, PNG12. Stability studies indicated that, the prepared proniosomal gel remained more stable at room refrigeration temperature than oven temperature.

Keywords

Perindopril Erbumine, Spans Tweens, Cholesterol In vitro release.

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Md Sarfaraz ¹, K. Arshad Ahmed Khan ¹, H. Doddayya ¹, S. R. Reddy ¹, R. H. Udupi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Raichur-584103, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The purpose of present research was to obtain aceclofenac-disintegrant agglomerates with improved solubility, flow and compression characteristics by a novel crystallo-co-agglomeration (CCA) technique. Aceclofenac agglomerates were prepared by using a three solvent system comprising of acetone: DCM: water. Acetone-water containing PEG 6000, HPC and disintegrants like sodiumstarch glycolate (SSG), crospovidone (CP) and croscarmellose sodium (CCS) in different concentrations were used as the crystallization medium. The agglomerates were characterized by FTIR, DSC, PXRD, SEM studies and were evaluated for flow, packing and tableting properties and drug release. The growth of particle size and the spherical form of the agglomerates resulted in formation of products with good flow and packing properties. The improved compaction properties of the agglomerated crystals were due to their fragmentation occurred during compression. DSC and XRPD studies showed that aceclofenac particles, crystallized in the presence of HPC, PEG 6000 and disintegrant did not undergo structural modifications. The dissolution rate of aceclofenac from the agglomerates could be controlled by the amount of included disintegrant, being enhanced as the latter was increased. This was attributed to an increase in the surface area of the practically water insoluble drug is exposed to the dissolution medium. Among all the formulations studied, F-9 prepared by incorporation of CP (18.43%) had shown short disintegration time (18.03 sec) and maximum drug release.

Keywords

Aceclofenac-Disintegrant Agglomerates, Crystallo-Co-Agglomeration, Direct Tableting, Disintegration Time, Dissolution.

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Md. Sarfaraz ¹, Y. Prasad ¹, S. R. Reddy ¹, H. Doddayya ¹, R. H. Udupi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Mantralayam Road, Raichur-584103, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The aim of the study was to develop press coated time release tablets of nifedipine, from which the drug is released in a controlled manner to suite the Chronotherapeutics of the disease i.e., hypertension. The tablets, each consisting of a core and a coat, were prepared using compression coating technique. Core tablet was immediate-release formulation containing nifedipine soild dispersion of 1: 2 ratio with mannitol to enhance its solubility. The core tablet was then coated with a mixture of rate controlling polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K100M) in different ratios to produce time release tablets of nifedipine. The core and press-coated tablets were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties, in-vitro release and stability studies. The in vitro drug release pattern indicated that type of polymer and its concentration had marked influence on the drug release from tablets. The drug release decreased with increasing amounts of HPMC K100M in the formulation. A lag time of 2 to 6 hrs was achieved with the polymers used. 2% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was added as dissolution enhancer for dissolution study. The mechanism of drug release from all the press-coated tablets followed Higuchi model release kinetics with r² value 0.983 to 0.997. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used.

Keywords

Chronopharmacotherapy, Nifedipine, Time-Release, Press-Coated Tablets, Lag Time.

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Prakash Goudanavar ¹, Doddayya Hiremath ¹, D. Spandana ¹, S. R. Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Mantralayam Road, Raichur-584103, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The present study was aimed at developing and evaluating fast disintegrating tablets of Granisetron HCl using natural superdisintegrants like Plantago ovata, gum karaya and agar and synthetic superdisintegrants like Indion 234, croscaramellose sodium and crospovidone in different concentration. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Effect of superdisintegrants on wetting, disintegration and dissolution parameters were studied. Fast disintegrating tablets were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Preformulation studies were found as per literature limits. Drug was compatible with superdisintegrants. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time, in vitro disintegration time, drug content and in vitro drug release. Results revealed that Formulation F2 containing 5% of Plantago ovata shown disintegration time of 17.10 sec and the drug release was up to 99.66% in 3 minutes. In vitro disintegration time decreases with increase in concentration of all superdisintegrants. Hence the present study revealed that this natural super disintegrants like Plantago ovata, gum karaya and agar showed better release than the most widely used synthetic superdisintegrants like Indion 234, crospovidone, Croscaramellose sodium in the formulations of FDTs.

Keywords

Fast Disintegrating Tablets, Granisetron HCl, Direct Compression, Superdisintegrants.

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S. R. Reddy ¹, P. V. Prasad ², G. N. Srinivas ³

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, GNITC, Ibrahimpatnam Hyderabad – 501506, Telangana, IN
2 Department of EEE, CBIT, Gandipet, Hyderabad – 500075, Telangana, IN
3 Department of EEE, JNTU, Hyderabad – 500085, Telangana, IN

Abstract

The paper presents the compensation of harmonic, reactive power, dc voltage regulation and power factor improvement under nonlinear load condition is achieved by using Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM). The synchronous reference frame control algorithm is developed for generating switching reference control signals. The dc link voltage is regulating with PI and PSO-PI controller. The attain control algorithm reference switching signals compared in hysteresis signal for better switching of D-STATCOM. The behaviour of DSTATCOM with PI and PSO-PI controller is also study and measure in terms of for DC link voltage, harmonic distortion, power factor correction and reactive power mitigation by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Keywords

DSTATCOM, Harmonic Compensation, Non llinear Load, PI Controller, PSO-PI Controller, Power Factor Synchronous Reference Frame Theory, Reactive Power.

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