Informatics Publishing Limited

Rashmi Sharma ¹, Ipshita Bansal ²

Affiliations
1 Senior Assistant Professor, Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, Dwarka, New Delhi, IN
2 Professor-Management, FMS-WISDOM, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

For any organisation, its human capital is the most unique asset as it helps in the actualisation of organisational mission, goals and objectives. Only a highly motivated workforce can help in achieving what all organisations strive for. Organisations have been searching for means and methods to keep employees motivated. Different researches in the area of motivation reveal that some people have a stronger desire to achieve their respective goals as compared to people who are not so concerned about goal achievement. Achievement motivation is the drive to attain success by choosing activities that can help in goal actualization. Achievement motivated people consistently try and find solution to a problem and remain focused on the goal. Tangible reward of success does not deter a person with high level of achievement motivation. Thus, organisations must find measures to keep such employees motivated. In studies conducted so far, the effect of managerial level on achievement motivation has not been studied. The present study was conducted to identify the effect of managerial level on the achievement motivation of E4 (Superintending Engineer)&E5 (Chief Engineer) level managers in India's leading PSU, Oil and Natural Gas Company (ONGC). The sample for the study was collected from ONGC's five regional offices. Of the total sample of 69 managers, 29 were at E4 (Superintending Engineer) managerial level and 40 were at E5 (Chief Engineer) managerial level. The target sample was only E4 and E5 level managers of ONGC since the turnover at these two levels was relatively higher than other managerial levels. A questionnaire having 52 questions was administered. For the present study, the variables considered were: achievement motivation (Dependent variable) and Management Level: E4&E5 (Independent variable). For the purpose of analysis SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical data analysis. Independent sample t-test, Factor Analysis, Descriptive and Reliability Analysis was applied keeping in mind the nature of hypotheses. According to the findings, E4 and E5 level managers are not significantly demotivated but lack sportsmanship; however, E5 level managers are significantly better in terms of attitude towards work. It may be concluded that E5 level managers do not have significantly higher level of achievement motivation than E4 level of managers. Thus, managerial level may not necessarily increase the achievement motivation significantly. The findings of the study were thought-provoking and implied that managers at level E4&E5 are significantly less achievement motivated and thus do not strive to take growth opportunities as a challenge and means to learn or gain knowledge. The study was conducted to provide recommendations to policy makers so as to bring about higher level of achievement motivation in ONGC managers particularly at level E4 & E5

Keywords

Achievement Motivation, Chief Engineer, Managers, Oil and Natural Gas Company, PSU Superintending Engineer

Full Text

     

Rashmi Sharma ¹, Shveta Acharya ¹, Arun Kumar Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, S.D. Government College, Beawar-305 901, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted to know about the effect of pH of sodium hydroxide solution and its temperature for absorption of SO₂ contained in flue gases. it was found that the pH of the solution should be alkaline for good absorption of SO₂. Because of the acidic nature of SO₂, the reaction is restricted in acidic solution. and maximum absorption of SO₂ was found in temperature range between 20-25°C. At higher temperature reversible reaction may take place and partially formed product may be changed back into initial reactants.

Keywords

Flue Gases, Sulphur Dioxide, Desulphurization, Shree Cement Ltd.

Full Text

   

Rashmi Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Govt. College, Ajmer-305 001, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

Human activity generates considerable amount of solid waste. The nature of waste varies depending upon the kind of activity. Municipal and biomedical wastes are the major solid wastes contributed from the urban centre, Ajmer. Ajmer has Dargah of Khwaja Mounuddin Chishty, a pilgrimage centre for muslims of the world, and Pushkar pilgrimage for the Hindus of the world. The study was carried out to understand the present status of solid waste management of the city. The total quantity of solid waste generated in the city is around 950 TPD (tons per day) with a per capita generation of 0.35 kg. Sporadic incineration is very common and no proper disposal facility has been provided for the municipal solid waste.

Keywords

Municipal Solid Waste, Biomedical Waste, SW Management, Ajmer City, Landfill.

Full Text

   

Rashmi Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Govt. College, Ajmer-305 001, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

Rain water samples were collected at roof level at Pushkar and Budha Pushkar during July, 2007. Water samples were also collected from 2 ponds around in Ajmer district. Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were analysed. Roof water was found to be pure and free from bacteriological contamination. Pond water is turbid and has high iron content with objectionable bacteriological pollution load. collection of roof water for drinking purpose was found to be encouraging. Pond water needs treatment before use.

Keywords

Rain Water Harvesting, Roof Water, Pond Water, Bacteriological Pollution, Drinking Water.

Full Text

   

Rashmi Sharma ¹, Smitha Ratheesh ¹, Sujit Basu ¹

Affiliations
1 Oceanic Sciences Division, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Group, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN

Abstract

A statistical emulator technique, namely polynomial chaos, has been used to estimate two time-dependent biological parameters of a coupled physical-biological model of the Indian Ocean. This has been achieved by minimizing a distance function representing misfit between model simulated and satellite-derived surface chlorophyll. First, the parameters have been assumed to be constant in time and optimized values have been found by minimizing a time-averaged distance function. Since no significant improvement in model simulation has been found using a fixed set of optimum parameters, minimization has been carried out daily, assuming the parameters to be time-dependent. Emulation with this set of parameters has led to a significant improvement in the simulated surface chlorophyll. Smoothing of the parameters with singular spectrum analysis has caused less noisy simulations, at the cost of increasing the model data misfit. Time-varying parameters have been found to be more suitable for the hindcast of daily averaged chlorophyll both in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

Keywords

Coupled Physical–Biological Model, Distance Function, Polynomial Chaos, Surface Chlorophyll.

Full Text

   

K. Sonu Sharma ¹, Rashmi Sharma ², G. Vidya Sagar ³

Affiliations
1 Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IN
3 Veerayatan institute of Pharmacy, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Tablet swallowing difficulty primarily affects the geriatric and pediatric populations whereas unpalatable taste of drugs leads to patient noncompliance. To reduce these problems, a new dosage form known as Fast-Dissolving Tablet (FDT), is a tablet that dissolves or disintrigrants in the oral cavity without the need of water or chewing. It has been developed for oral administration, also called as fast-melt, rapimelts, porous tablets ,or fast disintegrating or orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). In April 2007, the FDA issued a draft guidance, Guidance for Industry: Orally Disintegrating Tablets. Fast dissolving tablets can be prepared by various conventional methods like direct compression, wet granulation, moulding, spray drying, freeze drying, Cotton Candy Process and sublimation. In 1986, the first lyophilized fast-dissolving technology Zydis® was introduced (By Cardinal formerly R. P. Scherer) after that there was a continuous growth in names by different companies, now a number of fast-dissolving formulations are in market and the technology is still improving. Present review focuses on the need of FDTs, their advantages and comparative evaluation of latest technologies.

Keywords

Fast Dissolving Tablet, Orasolv, Durasolv, Patents.

Full Text

     

Rashmi Sharma ¹, T. R. Baggi ², A. K. Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Forensic Science Laboratory, Rohini, GNCT of Delhi-110085, IN
2 Forensic Science Unit, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, A.P. 500007, IN
3 Department of Forensic Science, SHIATS, Allahabad, U.P.-211007, IN

Abstract

The UV-Visible absorbance profile of cyan, magenta, yellow and black coloured inkjet printer inks for the differentiation and comparison was obtained by scanning the ink extracts under the wavelength range of 200-800 nm. The various parameters of absorption studies of extracts of different components of printer ink formulations in the visible and UV region enables to differentiate and distinguish different colour print document samples of distinct composition by their characteristic absorbance spectra and profile pattern.

Keywords

UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Inkjet Printer Inks, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black.

Full Text

     

Rashmi Sharma ¹, Rekha Agarwal ¹, Ashwani Kumar Dubey ², Anil Arora ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Commuication, Amity School of Engineering & Technology Bijwasan – 110061, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication, Amity University, Noida – 201303, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication, Thapar University, Patiala – 147004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The objective of the paper is to design a Microelectronic Mechanical Systems(MEMS) based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) which has been found to be superior in terms of bandwidth, transduction efficiency and array fabrication as compared to conventional piezoelectric transducers. With the years CMUT has been shown with different element geometries and fabrication techniques, however the optimization techniques and the application areas for the device persist. In this paper CMUT is simulated in COMSOL with Square and Circular diaphragm. FEM analysis is being carried out considering the same area for both the geometries in 3D.CMUT dynamics have been modeled by combining the Electrostatic module, Solid Mechanics Module and Mesh modules in COMSOL. The distributed stress and electric field are measured as function of time. This gives the exact comparison for the Eigen frequency, pull in voltage, deflection with applied DC bias and deflection of the diaphragm with AC superimposed on DC considering the isotropic Silicon as the diaphragm material. This simulation work provides results for the researcher to conclude on the geometry of the device prior to fabrication.

Keywords

Circular, Deflection, Diaphragm, Eigen Frequency, FEM Analysis, Square, Ultrasonic Transducer

Full Text

   

Arun Kumar Sharma ¹, Meenakshi Saxena ², Rashmi Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, S.P.C. Govt. College Ajmer-305001, IN
2 Department of Chemistyr, S.D. Govt. College Beawar-305901, IN

Abstract

Ultrasonic speed have been measured in pure and binary mixtures containing copper soaps derived from groundnut and sesame oils in 20 % and 40% methanol benzene mixture. From these values, the specific acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, apparent molar compressibility, molar sound velocity, primary solvation number have been calculated. The results have been fitted to Masson equation. The results have been explained on the basis of intermolecular interactions.

Keywords

Copper Soaps, Methanol, Groundnut Oil, Sesame Oil, Ultrasonic Speed.

Full Text

   

Renu Bhutra ¹, Rashmi Sharma ², Arun Kumar Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Rajesh Pilot Government Polytechnic College, Dausa-303303, IN
2 S.P.C. Government College, Ajmer-305001, IN
3 Government P.G. College, Jhalawar-326001, IN

Abstract

Colloid chemical behavior and micellar characteristics of Cu (II) soaps derived from sesame and soyabean oils, (fresh oils and treated for 15 and 60 min.) at high temperature in benzene have been investigated and verified by ultrasonic velocity measurement. From these values, the specific acoustic impedance Z, adiabatic compressibility β_ad, intermolecular free length L_f, apparent molar compressibility Ø_k, molar sound velocity R, primary solvation number S_n have been calculated. The results have been analyzed in terms of Masson's equation. The results have been explained on the basis of solute-solvent interactions. The decrease in β and L_f with increasing concentration of the complex is indicating that there is sufficient solute- solvent interaction due to which micellar alignment is considerably affected.

Keywords

Copper Surfactants, Benzene, Sesame Oil, Soyabean Oil, Ultrasonic, Solute-Solvent Interaction.

Full Text

   

Smitha Ratheesh ¹, Rashmi Sharma ¹, K. V. S. R. Prasad ², Neeraj Agarwal ¹, Rashmi Sharma ¹, V. S. R. Prasad ²

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Oceanic Sciences Division, Ahmedabad 380 058, IN
2 Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, IN

Abstract

Any Change In Precipitation, Evaporation And River Discharge, By Virtue Of Its Impact On The Distribution Of Ocean Salinity, Leaves Its Inevitable Signature On The Freshwater Content (fwc) In The Oceans. In This Study, Synergistic Use Of Satellite Data And Numerical Ocean Circulation Model Is Explored To Examine The Seasonality Of Fwc Of The Upper 30 M Water Column Of The Bay Of Bengal (bob). For This Purpose, First The Sea Surface Salinity (sss) From Aquarius Is Assimilated Into A Model Of The Indian Ocean. Strength Of Assimilation Is Judged By Comparing Simulated Sss With Satellite And Argo Datasets. An Overall Improvement Of 39% Is Observed In Sss Over Free Run Of The Model Without Data Assimilation. Next, The Focus Is Shifted To The Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Fwc Of The Upper 30 M Of Bob In Relation To The Different Components Of Freshwater Forcing. A Delay Of Three Months In The Peak Of Fwc Is Observed With Respect To The Peak Of Net Freshwater Influx For Bob As A Whole. However, The Nature Of The Response Of Fwc To The Total Freshwater Input Forcing In The Major River-dominated Regions Of Bob Is Different From That For The Whole Bob. The Relative Role Of River Influx In Controlling Fwc In These Regions Is Well Brought Out In The Study. For The Ganga–brahmaputra Region, River Run-off Is Observed To Be A Crucial Parameter In Regulating Fwc, Whereas For Both Irrawaddy River Region And Central Bob, Precipitation Dominates The Response. The Response Of Salinity In The Uppermost Part Of The Northern Bob To The Total Freshwater Input Is Much More Rapid Than In The Other Regions.

Keywords

Freshwater Content, Sea Surface Salinity, Seasonal Variability, Upper Ocean Region.

Full Text

   

Rashmi Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Army College of Nursing, Jalandhar Cantt, IN

Abstract

Karyotype is number of chromosomes and its appearance in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell³. And the study of karyotype is called Karyotyping or chromosomal analysis. It provides insight to the genes in order to detect any genetic and chromosomal problems. A small sample of individual’s cells is sufficient to rule out ischolar_main cause of genetic disorder. In this, chromosomes of an organism are paired and ordered by using standardised staining procedure, enables to analyze its characteristics and structural features². It reveals chromosomal deletions, translocations, duplication and inversions². Karyotyping in the present scenario indeed act as a boon and ensure wellbeing of foetus.

Keywords

Karyotype, Congenital Anomalies, Foetus, Genetic Mutations, Chromosome and Genes.

Full Text

     

Arun Kumar Sharma ¹, Rashmi Sharma ², Antima Gangwal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Government P.G. College, Jhalawar-326001, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, S.P.C. Government College, Ajmer-305001, IN

Abstract

Ultrasonic speed and density parameters have been measured in binary and ternary systems containing complexes of copper surfactants (caprylate, caprate, and laurate) with substituted 2-amino-6-chloro benzothiazole in 80% and 40% benzene-methanol mixture at constant temperature using thermostatic water bath. From these values, the specific acoustic impedance Z, adiabatic compressibility , intermolecular free length L_f, apparent molar compressibility φk, have been calculated. The results have been explained on the basis of intermolecular interactions and indicate that there is sufficient solute-solvent interaction due to which micellar alignment is considerably affected. The decrease in adiabatic compressibility β and intermolecular free length L_f of the copper surfactant complex solution with increasing concentration of copper surfactant complex in 80% and 40% benzene methanol has been observed which suggest that the non-polar long chains or lypophilic segment of the molecule in the solution are enveloped by a layer of solvent molecules bound and oriented towards lypophilic end. The orientation of the solvent molecules around the solutes may be due to the influence of electrostatic fields of solutes and results in the increase in the internal pressure and in lowering the compressibility of the solution i.e. the solution becomes harder to compress.

Keywords

Acoustic Parameters, Benzothiazole, Copper, Surfactants.

Full Text

   

Neeraj Agarwal ¹, Rashmi Sharma ¹, Pradeep Thapliyal ¹, Rishi Gangwar ¹, Prateek Kumar ¹, Raj Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere and Planetary Sciences Area, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN

Abstract

The study presents assessment and potential oceanographic applications of sea-surface temperature (SST), ocean net shortwave radiation (SWR) and chlorophyll concentration (CC) observations obtained from various geostationary platforms. SST and SWR from imager on-board Indian National Satellite (INSAT- 3D) and CC from Global Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) on-board communication ocean and meteorological satellite (COMS) have been used in the analysis. Relative advantages of high temporal resolution obtained from the geostationary platform compared to polar orbiting platforms are demonstrated. Comparison of INSAT-3D SST with observations gives a correlation of 0.85 and RMSE of 0.81 K. These platforms definitely provide a highly reliable source of continuous observations, which is useful in monitoring dynamic oceanic features such as thermal fronts, chlorophyll blooms, air–sea exchange fluxes, etc. on diurnal to daily timescales.

Keywords

Chlorophyll Concentration, Geostationary Satellites, INSAT-3D, Sea-surface Temperature, Shortwave Radiation.

Full Text

   

Smitha Ratheesh ¹, Aditya Chaudhary ¹, Neeraj Agarwal ¹, Rashmi Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Oceanic Sciences Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN

Abstract

Role of ocean dynamics on vertical velocity of Ekman pumping (VVE) is analysed using simulations from very high resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) configured for the Bay of Bengal (BoB). For this purpose, OGCM is forced with SCATSAT-1 scatterometer wind fields for 2017. Three mechanisms which modify VVE in the ocean are addressed in this study; the first results from the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on wind field, and the other two arise from the influence of ocean surface currents (OSCs) on the wind field. Analysis for different length scales ranging from mesoscale to sub-mesoscale is also carried out. The results suggest a significant role of ocean dynamics on VVE, especially over submesoscale range (spatial scales of the order of 2– 10 km). Relative vorticity of OSC-induced Ekman pumping is found to be quite high (~3 m/day) at 2 km length scale, especially along the periphery of mesoscale eddies and along the filament structures. Impact of SST on VVE is least amongst the three factors and is observed to be significant only up to the length scales of 30 km. For length scales less than 10 km, relative vorticity-induced Ekman pumping increases drastically and the total Ekman pumping vertical velocity is predominantly controlled by the relative vorticity of OSC-induced Ekman pumping only.

Keywords

Ekman Pumping, Ocean Dynamics, Scatterometers, Vertical Velocity, Wind Field.

Full Text

   

Rashmi Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Oceanic Sciences Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN

Abstract

Comprehensive Remote Sensing is a series of nine volumes comprising allinclusive discussions across various disciplines of the earth system in the context of remote sensing. The editor-inchief, Shunlin Liang, has done a commendable job in bringing together more than 100 authors to contribute nearly 120 chapters in these series. Volume 8 of the series is specifically dedicated to the oceans. This volume comprises 11 chapters covering various aspects of ocean remote sensing.

Full Text

   

Surisetty V. V. Arun Kumar ¹, Rakesh Kumar Luhar ², Rashmi Sharma ¹, Raj Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Systems Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015,, IN

Abstract

Lagrangian drifters are analogues of particles that are relevant to flow-field characterization and therefore they represent realistic surface currents compared to Eulerian techniques. The use of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in such drifters with Differential Global Positioning System mode at high frequency (5–10 Hz) sampling and post-processing kinematic results in position estimates with centimeter-level accuracy. In the complex nearshore zone, deploying expensive instruments is a risk due to greater chances of loss. To avoid this, two drifters have been designed and developed using a low-cost Emlid Reach® GNSS receivers, antennae and ‘off-the-shelf’ PVC components to measure the surface currents. The dimensions of the drifters were optimally chosen to minimize the wind and wave impacts and to increase the subsurface current drag. An analysis of relative position and velocity errors from stationary observations indicates that the drifter can resolve motion accurately with minimal errors of ±1 cm and ±2 cm/s respectively. These drifters were used to measure surf zone currents at the RK Beach, Visakhapatnam during May 2018 and to successfully identify dangerous rip current zones. This study presents the design, development aspects, error analysis and testing of GNSS drifters. Although these drifters are primarily developed to measure the rip current velocities and trajectories in the nearshore zone, they can also be operated in any marine environment like rivers, lakes, estuaries, etc. without change in the design. An extensive study using a fleet of such drifters is required to understand the complex physical processes in the marine environment.

Keywords

Drifter, Error Estimation, Rip Currents, Relative Position and Velocity.

Full Text

   

Surisetty V. V. Arun Kumar ¹, Ch. Venkateswarlu ², B. Sivaiah ², K. V. S. R. Prasad ², Rashmi Sharma ¹, Raj Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 004, IN

Abstract

Determining nearshore bathymetry by traditional surveying methods is a challenging task as it involves huge costs and efforts. Most of the coastal shallowwater zones worldwide either remain unmapped or not updated. Bathymetry estimations from optical satellite imageries have been increasingly implemented as an alternative tool for traditional bathymetry surveys. In this study, we examine the usefulness of freely available, five-day revisit and relatively highresolution Multi Spectral Instruments (MSI) on-board Sentinel-2A and 2B twin satellites. A process workflow has been developed which automatically incorporates a robust atmospheric correction through ACOLITE software and multi-scene compositing of several scenes to improve the reliability and no data gaps. Two study sites in India are explored owing to their variability in submarine morphology. High-resolution bathymetry maps are generated through a log-ratio transform model calibrated with minimal in situ data from the jet ski soundings. The satellite-derived bathymetry obtained has an overall bias of –0.01 and 0.02 m, and ischolar_main mean square error of 1.09 and 0.93 m respectively, at two study sites up to 15 m depth. The consistency in bathymetry retrieval indicates a potential for automated application for the benefit of operational and scientific studies. These high-resolution maps capture small-scale nearshore features like sandbars and rip channels, which are of prime importance for coastal and beach managers.

Keywords

Optical Remote Sensing, Multispectral Imagers, Nearshore Bathymetry Maps, Rip Channel, Twin Satellites.

Full Text

   

Suchandra A. Bhowmick ¹, Neeraj Agarwal ¹, Rashmi Sharma ¹, R. Sundar ², R. Venkatesan ², C. Anoopa Prasad ¹, K. N. Navaneeth ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 National Institute of Ocean Technology, MOES, Chennai 600 100, IN

Abstract

Amphan, a category-5 tropical cyclone, originated over Bay of Bengal (BoB) and had a landfall in West Bengal, India on 20 May, causing havoc in the region. In this study, in-situ buoy and various satellite measurements are used to analyse the ocean condition before and after the storm, primarily from the air–sea interaction perspective. Widespread anomalous warming was observed in BoB before the event, due to high net surface insolation received by the ocean. The warm SST anomalies in the central BoB were coincident with anti-cyclonic warm core eddies, implying availability of higher oceanic heat content. Observations from BD13 buoy, close to the cyclone track showed heating of the overlying atmosphere due to this ocean warming. Strong surface cooling was observed after passage of the cyclone due to wind induced upper-ocean mixing that is stimulated by low stratification in BoB.

Keywords

Air–Sea Interaction, Oceanic Conditions, Satellite and In situ Observations, Tropical Cyclones.

Full Text