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Charan Singh , Surinder Kumar , Ranjeet Singh , V. P. Pandey

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Shailendra Kumar , Surinder Kumar , K. S. Kapoor , Ranjeet Singh , S. Chakrabarti

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Ranjeet Singh , Charan Singh , V. P. Pandey , Surinder Kumar

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Ranjeet Singh , K. R. Sashidharan , A. M. Salarkhan , R. Mahalakshmi

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Ranjeet Singh , G. S. Goraya , Charan Singh , Shalindra Kumar , Surinder Kumar

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Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) is a very important indigenous conifer species of lower hills of Himalayas and the Shiwalik mountain range. A request to study the causes of mortality of Chir pine in Morni Forest Range under the Pinjore Forest Division in Haryana was received from the Conservator of Forests and the same have been investigated. It has been observed that the forest tract has been badly abused in past due to high biotic pressure , recurrent fires and heavy resin tapping by French Cup and Lip method. The resin tapping in the said forest has been stopped since 1983. However , the scars of the past injuries have left a permanent mark on these trees , which have over the years and due to recurrent fires lost their viability and have become prone to heavy insect borers infestation. So the immediate cause of current mortality in this area has been found to be the heavy infestation of insect borers. The study showed that these affected trees were severely attacked by four types of insect borers viz. Shpaenoptera aterrima , Cryptorhynchus rufescens , Platypus biformis and Polygrphus longifolia , which badly damaged the bark and bast and girdled the tree. Various insect pest management strategies including the insecticidal application were recommended for protecting the trees from the insect borers and their by protect them from mortality.

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J. D. Jain , R. D. Guru , Ranjeet Singh

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Based on the tests carried out on small clear specimens, the physical and mechanical properties of Mangifera indica, Dehra Dun (U.P.) and Syzygium spp., Dehra Dun (U.P.) are presented. Nail/screw withdrawal resistance, safe working stresses for structural purposes and suitability indices for different industrial and engineering uses of both the species have also been reported alongwith the corresponding values of Mangifera indica, Puri (Orissa) and Syzygium spp., Cachar (Assam) and also Tectona grandis (Malabar, Nilambur and Coimbatore) for comparison. The results have indicated that properties of both the species viz. Mangifera indica and Syzygium spp. tested from Dehra Dun (U.P.) are inferior in almost all the properties as compared to Mangifera indica, Puri (Orissa) and Syzygium spp., Cachar (Assam).

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Ashok Kumar , Surinder Kumar , Ranjeet Singh , Shailendra Kumar

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Acacia catechu is a very important and preferred tree species in afforestation programmes in the lower sub-tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh. It is valued for its heartwood, which is used for extracting katha and cutch, ingredients of a number of Ayurvedic and Unani medicines. It suffers serious disease problem in the form of ischolar_main rot by Ganoderma lucidum causing great economic losses. Present paper discusses incidence of Ganoderma ischolar_main rot disease in a khair plantation in lower Siwaliks of Himachal Pradesh. 4.45 per cent tree mortality was recorded which indicated towards an alarming situation. The trees are showing early symptoms of discoloured foliage, trees with stag horn branches and gaps in lines due to removal of dead trees. The inoculum builds up very fast in the area where the sporophores were seen on dead trees, stumps and wood chips in the infected area. Incidence of drying and wilting was more severe in the cultivated portion than the unmanaged part of the land.

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R. C. Sharma , Mohinder Pal , Ranjeet Singh

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Forty provenances of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) were screened against Ganoderma ischolar_main rot under the natural conditions in a randomized block design. Variations to the extent of mortality and plants showing initial ischolar_main rot symptoms were recorded. None of the provenance remained disease free. However, least mortality (2.0%) was recorded in Barielly provenance followed by 4.2 per cent in Rampur provenance and rated as resistant to Ganoderma ischolar_main rot. In the plantation of Rampur and Barielly provenances, 4.2 and 10.4 per cent plants, respectively showed initial symptoms of ischolar_main rot. Highest mortality (33.4%) was recorded in Banaras provenance followed by 29.2 per cent in each Nazibabad and Etawah provenances. In terms of height and diameter, Kankai provenance was rated as best but it was moderately susceptible (14.6% tree mortality) to Ganoderma ischolar_main rot. Provenance Rampur, which was rated as resistant with 2.0 per cent tree mortality, was fifth best in terms of plant height and diameter at breast height

Keywords

Ganoderma Root Rot, Performance, Dalbergia sissoo, Provenances, Relative Resistance

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Ranjeet Singh ¹, S. K. Giri ¹, S. D. Kulkarni ¹, R. Ahirwar ¹

Affiliations
1 Agro-Produce Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

Accurate measurement of respiration rate is an important aspect in designing and operating systems such as controlled and modified atmosphere storage that will extend the shelf life of the perishable produce. The respiration rate and respiratory quotient of fresh mature green mango CV. Mallika were determined under closed system at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 33°C (ambient) temperatures. The respiration rate based on carbon dioxide production in aerobic condition decreased about 20 per cent relative to air atmosphere. However, the oxygen consumption sharply reduced to 25-30 per cent relative to air atmosphere at 25°C temperature. The results suggest that, the respiration rate of mango increased with temperature and decrease with storage time. Results of the study can be applied to the MAP design for extending shelf life of mango.

Keywords

Mango Fruit, Physico-Chemical Properties, Respiration Rate, Respiratory Quotient.

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Ranjeet Singh ¹, Manoj Kumar Gaur ¹, Chandra Shekhar Malvi ¹

Affiliations
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, MITS, Gwalior-474005, M.P., IN

Abstract

A large amount of research on solar energy operated hybrid mild cars and solar cars have been considering the recent 10 year development. An overview of this research is presented;both in terms of an historic overview of research projects, book, and journal paper addressing the different research issues for mild car are discussed. In this paper, a study on past, present and future solar energy applications, has been presented to the main issue of solar car, technical parameters and the model structure have been discussed, on the basis of this we have collected various research work and the work has been noticed. The objective of this work is to estimate the potential of energies, solar energy and IC engine power. Both powers will be utilized in near future work.

Keywords

Hybrid Solar Car, Solar Energy, IC Engine, Electrical Car.

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Shruti Singh ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹, Jagvir Singh ², Ranjeet Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida-201306, IN
2 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Earth System Science Organization (ESSO), Prithvi Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003, IN
3 Earth System Science Organization-National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, A-50 Sector-62, Noida-301307, U.P., IN

Abstract

Keeping the issue of global warming in mind, renewable energy is vital as this has an attractive attribute that the fuel is free from emission. The market based mechanisms like Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a process which assist the development of renewable energy. The objective of this paper is to describe the pros and cons of this mechanism which support the renewable energy projects and make them attractive in terms of investment.

Keywords

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Climate Change, Renewable Energy.

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Parmanand Kumar ¹, Ranjeet Singh ¹, Hukum Singh ¹, Tara Chand ¹, N. Bala ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 006, IN

Abstract

In this study, the soil CO₂ efflux was measured by closed dynamic system method along with soil and meteorological parameters at 1600, 1700 and 1800 m elevations along different directional-aspects over a period of one year. The annual CO₂ efflux rate (F_c) varied from 1.02 to 22.57 μmol m^–2 sec^–1, which was highest in the rainy season. The annual average F_c was maximum (8.67 μmol m^–2 sec^–1) at east facing slope followed by 7.58 and 7.32 μmol m^–2 sec^–1 at south facing slope and north facing slope respectively. Temperature (T_s), moisture (S_m) and evaporation of soil were found to be significant variables and selected to develop the regression model with R² value of 0.85. The effect of soil moisture on F_c above 15°C T_s exhibited a better relationship with R² value of 0.48 and temperature sensitivity (Q10) was found 3.25. This study reveals that the key controlling factors of CO₂ efflux rate are soil moisture and soil temperature, which explains 66% variation in soil CO₂ efflux.

Keywords

Seasonal Variation, Soil CO₂ Efflux, Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature, Spatial Variation, West Himalayas.

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