Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Raina, Rajinder
- Effects on Oxidative Balance and Acetlycholinesterase in Liver and Brain of Rats Dermally Exposed to Bifenthrin
Abstract Views :321 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shere-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, (SKUAST)-Jammu, R. S. Pura, 181102, J&K, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shere-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, (SKUAST)-Jammu, R. S. Pura, 181102, J&K, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 244-248Abstract
The present study was aimed to appraise the oxidative stress potential of bifenthrin and its effects on acetylcholinesterase in liver and brain of wistar rats after its repeated dermal application for a period of 30 days. The rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group. Group I and III served as control and were applied with distilled water @ 1.8ml/Kg/day where as the animals of group II and IV were dermally applied with bifenthrin @ 45mg/Kg/day for 20 and 30 days respectively. Significant increase in MDA levels was observed in liver and brain homogenates after 20th and 30th day of dermal treatment. Significant decrease in SOD was observed both in liver and brain after 20th and 30th day. GPx decreased significantly after 30th day in liver and after 20th and 30th day in brain. The activities of GST and CAT decreased significantly in liver and brain both after 20th and 30th days of dermal application. Non-significant decrease in AchE was observed in liver and brain homogenates.Keywords
Bifenthrin, Liver, Brain, Oxidative Stress, Acetyl-Cholinesterase, Rats.
References
- Kakko I, Toimela T, Tahti H. The synaptosomal membrane bound ATPase as a target for neurotoxic effects of pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin. Chemosphere. 2003; 51: 475-480.
- Pesticide Manual. Tomlin CDS,ed. The Pesticide Manual. London: The British Crop Protection Council. 1997
- Dar MA,Raina R., Mir AH, Sultana M, Pankaj NP. Effect of dermal application of bifenthrin on acetlycholinesterase and oxidative stress indices in rat blood, lung and Kidney. ProcNatlAcadSci India Sect. B Biol Sci. 2014; DOI 10.1007/s40011-014-0390-z
- Yang L, Li L. Actions of the Pyrethroid Insecticide Bifenthrin on Sodium Channels Expressed in Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons. ToxicolMech Method. 2015; 25:63-69.
- Punareewattana K., Smith BJ, Blaylock BL, Longstreth J, Snodgrass HL, Gogal RM, Prater RM, Holladay SD. Topical permethrin exposure inhibits antibody production and macrophage function in C57B1/6N mice. Food ChemToxicol. 2001; 39: 133.
- Shafiq-ur-Rehman. Lead-induced regional lipid peroxidation in brain. ToxicolLett. 1984; 21(3): 333-337.
- Marklund S, Marklund M. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in auto-oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay of superoxide dismutase. European J Biochem. 1974; 47: 469-474.
- Aebi HE. Catalase. In Methods Enzymatic analysis (ed.HU. Bergmeyer, New York: Academic Press).1983.
- Hafeman DG, Sunde RA, Hoekstra WG. Effect of dietry selenium on erythrocyte and liver glutathione peroxidase in rat. J Nutr. 1974;104; 580-587.
- Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. Glutathione–S-transferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid foramtion. J BiolChem. 1974; 249:7130-7139.
- Voss G, Sachsse K.Red cell and plasma cholinesterase activities in microsamples of human and animal blood determined simultaneously by a modified acetylcholine/DTNB procedure. ToxicolAppl Pharm. 1970; 16: 764-842.
- Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. (6thed. Ames: Iowa State University Press). 1967.
- Dar MA, Khan AM, Raina R, Verma PK , Sultana M. Effect of repeated oral administration of bifenthrin on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant parameters in wistar rats. Bull Environ ContamToxicol. 2013;90: doi.10.1007/s00128-1022-7.
- Khan AM, Sultana M, Raina R., Dubey N, Dar SA. Effect of sub-acute toxicity of bifenthrin on antioxidant status and haematology after the oral exposure in goats. ProcNatlAcadSci India Sect B Biol Sci. 2013: doi:10.1007/s4001-013-0157-y.
- Dar MA, Khan AM,Raina R,Beigh, SA, Sultana M. Effect of repeated oral administration of bifenthrin antioxidant status and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain of rats. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2015; http//dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.1070160.
- Raina R, Verma PK, Kusum, Vinay Kant. Effect of repeated dermal application of α-cypermethrin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in rats. Toxicol. Int. 2009;16: 27-30.
- Dubey N, Raina R, Khan AM. Toxic effects of deltamethrin and fluoride on antioxidant parameters in rats. Fluoride. 2012; 45: 242-246.
- Singh AK, Saxena PN, Sharma HN. Stress induced by beta-cyfluthrin, a type-2 pyrethoid, on brain biochemistry of Albino rat (Rattusnorvegicus). Biol med. 2009;1:74.
- Singh AK, Tiwari MN, Upadhyay G. Long term exposure to cypermethrin induces nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in adult rats: Postnatal exposure enhances the susceptibility during adulthood. Neurobiol Aging. 2012; 33: 404-415.
- Rao GV,Rao K S. Modulation in acetylcholinesterase of rat brain by pyrethroids in vivo and an in vitro kinetic Study. J Neurochem. 1995; 65: 2259-2266.
- Shah MAA, Gupta PK P. Influence of permethrina synthetic pyrethoids insecticide on cholinesterase activities in erythrocytes, plasma, brain and liver of rats. Indian J Toxicol. 2001; 8: 169-172
- Piner P, Unerb N. Oxidative and apoptotic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin modulated by piperonylbutoxide in the liver of Oreochromisniloticus. Environ ToxicolPharmacol. 2012; 33:414-420.
- Bond CE and GreenfieldSA. Multiple cascade effects of oxidative stress on Astroglia. Glia. 2007; 55: 1348-1361.
- Effect of repeated dermal application of α-cypermethrin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in rats
Abstract Views :173 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology – Jammu. R. S. Pura, Jammu- 181102, IN
2 Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology – Jammu. R. S. Pura, Jammu- 181102
1 Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology – Jammu. R. S. Pura, Jammu- 181102, IN
2 Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology – Jammu. R. S. Pura, Jammu- 181102
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 16, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 27-30Abstract
α-Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide has a wide use for crop protection and ectoparasitic control in domestic animals. Excessive dermal exposure due to environmental contamination or inadvertent use may result in hazardous effects in man and animals. In present study the various biomarkers for the oxidative stress have been studied in Wister rats. SOD and catalase activities in erythrocytes were significantly decreased after 30 day of dermal exposure although these were initially over expressed. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood GSH level and GPx activities in all the three groups. Enzymatic activity of GST was not significantly affected on any day of the exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane from 10 days onwards exposure was also observed. The evaluated enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the cell suggest that dermal exposure of ?-cypermethrin produces oxidative stress in rats.Keywords
α-cypermethrin, antioxidant system, dermal application, lipid peroxidation- Isoprenaline Induced Hepatic Alterations and Modulation by Hydroalcoholic Extract of Juglans regia hull in Wistar Rats
Abstract Views :212 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Priyanka Sharma
1,
Pawan Kumar Verma
1,
Rajinder Raina
1,
Shilpa Sood
2,
Shahid Prawez
3,
Lenesha Manhas
1
Affiliations
1 Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura – 181102, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura – 181102, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur – 231001, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura – 181102, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura – 181102, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur – 231001, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 27, No 1&2 (2020), Pagination: 58-69Abstract
The present study aimed at determining isoprenaline (ISO) induced hepatic alterations and effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia hull supplementation in modulating those alterations in Wistar rats. Various biochemical, histopathological and antioxidant biomarkers in hepatic tissue viz. transferases (aspartate and alanine aminotransferases), Total Plasma Proteins (TPP), Albumins (ALB), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Thiols (TTH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Arylesterase (AE), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Glutathione Reductase (GR), and cellular damage indicators viz. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Advanced Oxidation Protein Product (AOPP) were assessed. Intra-peritoneal administration of ISO produced significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, AChE, MDA and AOPP levels and reduced TPP, ALB, TTH, TAS, AE and GPX, activities in hepatic tissue of rats. Histopathologically, the liver sections of ISO treated rats revealed congestion, vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of liver parenchyma, bile duct hyperplasia and edema along with cellular infiltration in portal triad areas. Pretreatment with hull extract restored TAS, AOPP, AChE, CAT, AE activities and significantly reduced severity of histomorphological changes in hepatic tissue of ISO treated rats. The protective effect may be attributed to phytochemical constituents present in hull. Overall, our results show that hydroalcoholic extract of J. regia hull confers partial protection to hepatic tissue against ISO induced oxidative changes in Wistar rats.Keywords
Hepatic Tissue, Isoprenaline, Juglans Regia, Oxidative Damage.References
- Sanchez-valle V, Chavez-tapia NC, Uribe M, Mendezsanchez N. Role of oxidative stress and molecular changes in liver fibrosis: A review. Curr Med Chem. 2012; 19(28):4850–60. PMid: 22709007. https://doi. org/10.2174/092986712803341520
- Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases. Int J Mol Sci .2015; 16(11):26087–124. PMid: 26540040 PMCid: PMC4661801. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125942
- Peng HJ, Dai DZ, Ji H, Dai Y. The separate roles of endothelin receptors participate in remodeling of matrix metalloproteinase and connexin 43 of cardiac fibroblasts in maladaptive response to isoproterenol. Eur J Pharmacol .2010; 634(1-3):101–6. PMid: 20167215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.001
- Barni S, Speziali M, De piceis polver P, Fenoglio C. Effects of isoprenaline treatment on the rat liver parenchyma. Ultrastructural investigations. Acta Anat (Basel). 1981; 109(2):184–96. PMid: 7248036. https://doi. org/10.1159/000145382
- Ghosh PM, Shu ZJ, Zhu B, Lu Z, Ikeno Y, Barnes JL, Yeh C.K, Zhang BX, Katz MS, Kamat A. Role of β-adrenergic receptors in regulation of hepatic fat accumulation during aging. J Endocrinol. 2012; 213(3):251–61. PMid: 22457517 PMCid: PMC3539306. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0406
- Hasanzadeh-moghadam M, Khadem-ansari MH, Farjah GH, Rasmi Y. Hepatoprotective effects of betaine on liver damages followed by myocardial infarction. Vet Res Forum. 2018; 9(2):129–35.
- Rasool MK, Sabina EP, Ramya SR, Preety P, Patel S, Mandal N, Mishra PP, Samuel J. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of gallic acid in paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010; 62(5):638–43. PMid: 20609067. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.62.05.0012
- Verma PK, Raina R, Sultana M, Prawez S, Jamwal N. Hepatoprotective mechanisms of Ageratum conyzoides L. on oxidative damage induced by acetaminophen in Wistar rats. Free Radic Antioxidants. 2013; 3(2):73–6. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fra.2013.05.009
- Eapen CE. The liver: Oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants. Ind J Med Res. 2019; 149(10):81. PMCid: PMC6507547. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2098_18
- Lin EY, Chagnaadorj A, Huang SJ, Wang CC, Chiang YH, Cheng CW. Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of thunb. against oxidative stress-induced liver injury. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med .2018:4130307. PMid: 30416531 PMCid: PMC6207887. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4130307
- Lakshmi T, Sri Renukadevi B, Senthilkumar S, Haribalan P, Parameshwari R, Vijayaraghavan R, Rajeshkumar S. Seed and bark extracts of Acacia catechu protects liver from acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and liver function enzymes in Wistar rat model. Biomed Pharmacother .2018; 108:838–44. PMid: 30372895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biopha.2018.08.077
- Tian Z, Jia H, Jin Y, Wang M, Kou J, Wang C, Rong X, Xie X, Han G, Pang, X. Chrysanthemum extract attenuates hepatotoxicity via inhibiting oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Food Nutr Res. 2019: 63. PMid: 31024225 PMCid: PMC6475127. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v63.1667
- Almeida IF, Fernandes E, Lima JLFC, Costa PC, Bahia MF. Walnut (Juglans regia) leaf extracts are strong scavenger of pro-oxidant reactive species. Food Chem. 2008; 106(3):1014–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foodchem.2007.07.017
- Eidi A, Moghadam JZ, Mortazavi P, Rezazadeh S, Olamafar S. Hepatoprotective effects of Juglans regia extract against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. Pharm Biol. 2013; 51(5):558–65. PMid: 23373712. https://doi.org/10.3109/13 880209.2012.749920
- Croitoru A, Ficai D, Craciun L, Ficai A, Andronescu E. Evaluation and exploitation of bioactive compounds of walnut, Juglans regia. Curr Pharm Des. 2019; 25(2):119–31. PMid: 30931854. https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128256661 90329150825
- Oliveira I, Sousa A, Ferreira IC, Bento A, Estevinho L, Pereira JA. Total phenols, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008; 46(7):2326–31. PMid: 18448225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.017
- Delaviz H, Mohammadi J, Ghalamfarsa G, Mohammadi B, Farhadi N. A review study on phytochemistry and pharmacology applications of plant. Pharmacogn Rev. 2017; 11(22):145–52. PMid: 28989250 PMCid: PMC5628521. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_10_17
- Carvalho M, Ferreira PJ, Mendes VS, Silva R, Pereira JA, Jeronimo C, Silva BM. Human cancer cell antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Juglans regia L. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(1):441–7. PMid: 19883717. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.043
- Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents, nutritional, pharmacological and therapeutic importance of Juglans regia-A review. IOSR J Pharmacy. 2018; 8(11):1–21.
- Gupta A, Behl T, Panichayupakaranan P. A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology profile of Juglans regia. Obesity Med. 2019; 16:100142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. obmed.2019.100142
- Fukuda T, Ito H, Yoshida T. Antioxidative polyphenols from walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Phytochem. 2003; 63(7):795– 801. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00333-9
- Voss G, Sachsse K. Red cell and plasma cholinesterase activities in microsamples of human and animal blood determined simultaneously by a modified acetylthiocholine-DTNB procedure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1970; 16(3):764–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(70)90082-7
- Burlina A, Michielin E, Galzigna L. Characteristics and behaviour of arylesterase in human serum and liver. Eur J Clin Invest. 1977; 7(1):17–20. PMid: 402272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1977.tb01564.x
- Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999; 26(9-10):1231–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
- Motchnik PA, Frei B, Ames BN. Measurement of antioxidants in human blood plasma. Meth Enzymo.l 1994; 234:269–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(94)34094-3
- Aebi HE. Catalase, Bergmeyer HU, eds. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. New York: Academic Press; 1983. p. 276–86.
- Hafeman DG, Sunde RA, Hoekstra WG. Effect of dietary selenium on erythrocyte and liver glutathione peroxidase in the rat. J Nutr. 1974; 104(5):580–7. PMid: 4823943. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/104.5.580
- Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974; 47:469–74. PMid: 4215654. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974. tb03714.x
- Carlberg I, Mannervik B. Purification and characterization of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase from rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1975; 250(14):5475–80.
- Shafiq-ur-rehman. Lead-induced regional lipid peroxidation in brain. Toxicol Lett. 1984; 21:333–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(84)90093-6
- Witko-sarsat V, Friedlander M, Capeillere-blandin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J. Jungers P. Descamps-Latscha B. Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney Int. 1996; 49(5):1304–13. PMid: 8731095. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1996.186
- Ha KT, Yoon SJ, Choi D.Y, Kim DW, Kim JK, Kim CH. Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 96(3):529–35. PMid: 15619574. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.054
- Lad H, Bhatnagar D. Modulation of oxidative stress mediators in the liver of adjuvant induced arthritic rats by Nyctanthes arbor tristis. Clin Phytosci. 2017; 3(1): https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-016-0041-4
- Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li J, Sun W. Black sesame seeds ethanol extract ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in fructoseinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Agric Food Chem. 2018; 66(40):10458–69. PMid: 30244573. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04210
- Xiang Q, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wu W, Xiao C, Liu X. Carnosic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats via fortifying cellular antioxidant defense system. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013; 53:1–9. PMid: 23200889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.001
- Murad S, Arain AQ, Saif S, Shaikh DM, Ghaffar A, Murad JS, Shekhzaid, Tufail S. Juglans regia contain polyunsaturated fats, and essential fatty acid Omega-3. Austin J Pharmacol Ther. 2019; 7(2):1115.
- Fink A, Rufer CE, Le Grandois J, Roth A, Aoude-Werner D, Marchioni E, Bub A, Barth S.W. Dietary walnut oil modulates liver steatosis in the obese Zucker rat. Eur J Nutr. 2014; 53(2):645–60. PMid: 23942585 PMCid: PMC3925294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-013-0573-z
- Aydın S, Gokce Z, Yılmaz O. The effects of Juglans regia L. (walnut) extract on certain biochemical parameters and in the prevention of tissue damage in brain, kidney and liver in CCl4 applied Wistar rats. Turk J Biochem. 2015; 40(3):241–50. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2015-0009
- Hosseini SA, Mohammadi J, Delaviz H, Shariati M. Effect of Juglans regia and Nasturtum officinalis on biochemical parameters following toxicity of kidney by CCl4 in Wistar rats. Electron J Gen Med. 2018; 15(3):em30. https://doi. org/10.29333/ejgm/86193
- Prince PS, Sathya B. Pretreatment with quercetin ameliorates lipids, lipoproteins and marker enzymes of lipid metabolism in isoproterenol treated cardiotoxic male Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010; 635(1-3):142–8. PMid: 20206157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.019
- Rahmathulla SBM, Maruthi E, Bheemewsaraiah K, Manjunatha S, Devi KL. Effect of Tribulus terrestris (L.) on liver in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Int J Res Biochem Biophy. 2012; 2(4):10–2.
- Feng Y, Wang N, Ye X, Li H, Feng Y, Cheung F, Nagamatsu T. Hepatoprotective effect and its possible mechanism of Coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver hepatotoxicity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 138(3):683–90. PMid: 21963555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.032
- Mahajan L, Verma PK, Raina R, Sood S. Toxic effects of imidacloprid combined with arsenic: Oxidative stress in rat liver. Toxicol Ind Health. 2018; 34(10):726–35. PMid: 30033815. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233718778993
- Ekam VS, Udosen EO. Total protein, albumin and globulin levels following the administration the administration of activity directed fractions of Vernonia amygdalina during acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Global J Pure Applied Sci. 2012; 18(1/2):25–9.
- García-ayllon MS, Millan C, Serra-basante C, Bataller R, Saez-valero J. Read through acetylcholinesterase is increased in human liver cirrhosis. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7(9):e44598. PMid: 23028565 PMCid: PMC3441564. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044598
- Liao F, Zhu XY, Wang YM, Zhao YS, Zhu LP, Zuo YP. Correlation of serum arylesterase activity on phenylacetate estimated by the integrated method to common classical biochemical indexes of liver damage. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2007; 8(4):237–41. PMid: 17444597 PMCid: PMC1838837. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.B0237
- Kilic SS, Aydin S, Kilic N, Erman F, Aydin S, Celik I. Serum arylesterase and paraoxonase activity in patients with chronic hepatitis. World J Gastroenter. 2005; 11(46):7351–4. PMid: 16437641 PMCid: PMC4725136. https://doi. org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i46.7351
- Aslan M, Horoz M, Nazligul Y, Bolukbas C, Bolukbas FF, Selek S, Akson N, Erel O. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities for the evaluation of patients with chronic hepatitis. Int J Clin Pract. 2008; 62(7):1050–5. PMid: 17887991. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01206..x
- Oguz S, Kanter M, Erboga M, Erenoglu C. Protective effects of thymoquinone against cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after biliary obstruction in rats. J Mol Histol. 2012; 43(2):151–9. PMid: 22270828. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10735-011-9390-y
- Dusek J, Ostadal B. Isoproterenol-induced damage to the liver of chick embryos. Physiol Bohemoslov. 1984; 33(1):67–73.