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Kumaresan, R.
- Metabolic Influx and Energy Investment in Macrotermes convulsionarius (könig)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-500 007, IN
2 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-500 007, IN
1 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-500 007, IN
2 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-500 007, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 1, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 1-8Abstract
Although a considerable amount of information is available on termite caste differentiation, much less is known about metabolic influx and energy investment among castes, those would presumably play a pivotal role in termite physiology. In this study, nutritional metabolites among the major castes of Macrotermes were compared and the data illustrated that the worker caste holds considerable amount of energy, whereas the soldier caste enjoys huge reserves. Reproductive alates also showed higher metabolic turn over but we have concluded that energy allocation to reproduction is secondary and the energy investment in colony defense seems primary. Higher levels of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, and fatty acids were observed in soldier caste, suggesting colony defense is an energydemanding phenomenon. Since Uric acid formation without xanthine oxidase (XO) is unlikely, exogenous uric acid source from other nest mates may be possible, because negligible XO activity and considerable amount of uric acid content is observed in soldier caste. Observed uric acid content and xanthine oxidase activity both were descending in the order of female, male, worker, and soldier castes. Alates have huge reserves of ATP, triglyceride, fatty acids, and uric acid. Maximum fatty acids reserve was observed in male alates and predominant gross fatty acids measured by GC-MS were stearic and oleic.Keywords
Colony Defense, Energy Investment, Fatty Acids, Macrotermes castes, Xanthine Oxidase,Uric AcidFull Text
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- Detecting of Routing Misbehaving in Hybrid Wireless Networks Used an Acknowledgment Based Approach
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PDF Views:1
Authors
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 4, No 3 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
The succeeding wireless network is Hybrid Wireless Networks. It can provide Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in real time transmission for wireless application. But it stream including critical mission application like military use or emergency recovery. Hybrid wireless networks is unified mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) and wireless infrastructure networks. It inherits invalid reservation and race condition problem in Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). Whereas open medium and wide distribution of node make vulnerable to malicious attackers in Hybrid wireless networks. How to secure routing in Hybrid wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a Enhanced Adaptive ACKnowledgment (EAACK)-implement a new intrusion-detection system for Hybrid wireless networks. It protect Hybrid wireless networks from attacks that have higher malicious behavior detection rate. Analytical and simulation result based on the real human mobility mode. EAACK can provide high secure performance in terms of Intrusion-detection, overhead, transmission delay.
Keywords
Hybrid wireless networks, Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgment (EAACK)Full Text