Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Ashok Kumar , R. Nagarajan , R. Ilayaraja , S. Swaminathan , Ajay A. Desai

Abstract

Invasive species are regarded as one of the largest threats to biodiversity but little is known about the invasion of exotic plants into the tropical forest. The per cent grass availability in gaur (Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827) foraging areas in three different habitats namely dry deciduous forest, moist deciduous forest and thorn forest in relation to weed category areas viz., Lantana camara invasion areas, Chromolaena odorata invasion areas, 'both weeds invasion' and 'weed-free' areas were investigated in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve between November 2003 and April 2004. The overall mean per cent grass availability was 28.52±26.81/m² (n=7343). The overall mean density of L. camara and C. odorata were 2.2±5.75/50m² (n=8090) and 10.7±14.6/50m² (n=8090) respectively. Among the habitats, the dry deciduous forest had maximum availability of grass (%) followed by thorn forest and moist deciduous forest. The per cent availability of grass was highest in the weed free areas of dry deciduous forest (54.0227.28%) and lowest in L. camara areas of thorn forest (14.52±14.45%). In all the habitats there was a significant variation among the weed category areas with reference to the per cent availability of grass. The densities of L. camara and C. odorata negatively influenced the per cent grass availability. The Standardized Partial Regression Coefficients of multiple regression equation model indicated that the C. odorata had the primary influence on the grass growth followed by L. camara.

Keywords

Gaur, Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, grass availability

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R. Ilayaraja ¹, Radhamadhavan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, S.R.M. Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, S.R.M. University, Kattankulathur (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM University, Kattankulathur (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Breast milk is the primary food for an infant. Chief ingredients of breast milk include lactobacillus strains. Lactobacillus strains isolated from breast milk were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The antibacterial activity is attributed to bacteriocin secreted by Lactobacillus. Bacteriocin present in cell free supernatants of Lactobacillus reuteri exhibited inhibitory activity against microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Proteus spp. and Vibrio cholera by agar well diffusion method. Optimization of bacteriocin production and characterization of extra cellular bacteriocin were studied. The bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus reuteri was stable at 600C for 10 minutes, but inactivated by heating at 80°C for 10 minutes. It was stable at pH 4.0 to 7.0 but sensitive to pH 9.0. 1% and 2% sodium chloride enhanced the production of bacteriocin from 25% to 75% in MRS broth. Molecular weight of bacteriocin purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation method was 2.5 kDa. Thus, bacteriocin of Lactobacillus reuteri strains isolated from human milk exhibited antibacterial activity against common clinical pathogens. It also exhibited properties of a good probiotic.

Keywords

Bacteriocin, Antimicrobial Activity, Lactobacillus reuteri, Human Health.

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V. Srinivasan ¹, R. Ilayaraja ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Micrologist, Sree Renga Hospital, Chengalpattu (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Data mining refers to extracting or mining knowledge from large amounts of data. Data mining is multidisciplinary field, drawing work from area including data base technology, artificial intelligence machine learning neural network, statistical, pattern mining, knowledge based system, knowledge acquisition, information retrieval, high performance computing and data visualization. Data mining plays an important role in the knowledge discovery process in medical data base. Using data mining techniques Malaria diseases prevention of knowledge, attitude and practice we can be easily prediction from people attributes and various diseases of symptoms. Malaria remains one of the most causes of maternal and child morbidity and mortality in Tamilnadu population, despite the availability of effective interaction. This objective of this study was to learn the data mining knowledge discovery the techniques for prediction of KAP (knowledge attitude and practice) on fever diseases symptoms, prevention and awareness to develop the health care in our society. This study aims to describe the knowledge attitude, and practices towards malaria among rural, urban and sub urban peoples and to determine scoring predictors of urban people's of knowledge and practice. A multistage, stratified, random sample method was applied. A total of 1500 peoples, each group have 500 peoples completed confidential self administrated questioner. KAP towards malaria deficient among target populations, especially among urban, sub urban and rural peoples. Information, education and communication activity indicated to create awareness among the community.

Keywords

People Knowledge, Attitutde and Practice, Malaria Diseases, Data Mining.

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R. Ilayaraja ¹, Radhamadhavan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, S.R.M. Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram (T.N.), IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus reuteri isolated from human breast milk. The samples were inoculated with MRS medium and incubated for 48 hrs at 37°C under anaerobic incubation. The identification of the culture was based on characteristic of Lactobacilli as presented in the Bersey’s Mannual of Determinative Bacteriology, carrying out morphology, gram stain, catalase, oxidase and other biochemical tests, growth at 150, 37°C and 45°C and fermentation of different carbon sources. Selection of the strain included various criteria such as agreement with biosafety aspects, antibiotic susceptibility test, tolerance to low pH, bile and NaCl concentration, temperature, Hemolytic activity and antimicrobial activity. This result suggests that these two strains are favorable for use as probiotics. It should be suitable strains for probiotic use of human being and animals. L. fermentum had high probiotic activity when compared to L.reuteri.

Keywords

MRS Medium, Probiotic, Antimicrobial Therapy, Lactobacillus.

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