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Rabindra, R. J.

• Biological Control of Aphids

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Authors

Sunil Joshi ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, T. P. Rajendran ²

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110 114, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 185-202

Abstract

Biological control of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is reviewed. A brief report on the history of biological control of aphids is given. Candidate natural enemies including parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens consisting of about 12 groups are listed. Brief information about viable multiplication technologies for important species in each group is provided. Finally biological control of aphids in open fields and in glasshouses by using different natural enemies is reviewed by analyzing different attempts made in India and elsewhere. It is concluded that parasitoids in general and aphidiids in particular possess greater potential than predators and entomopathogens both in open fields and in glasshouses.

Keywords

Aphids, Biological Control, Parasitoids, Predators, Pathogens.

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• Occurrence of Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink, in Pune Region of Maharashtra State

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Authors

D. S. Pokharkar ¹, R. V. Nakat ¹, N. D. Tamboli ¹, A. S. Dhane ¹, S. S. Jadhav ¹, A. G. Chandele ¹, R. J. Rabindra ²

Affiliations
1 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Pune 411 005, Maharashtra, IN
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 291

Abstract

Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) is grown over 2300 ha in Maharashtra and almost 50% of the crop is utilized for papain production. Recently, the papaya crop was found to be infested by the invasive papaya mealybug (PMB), Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink. The PMB was first noticed in Maharashtra in the papaya orchard at Regional Fruit Research Station (RFRS), Ganeshkhind, Pune on 14 ^th July, 2010 by a survey team of scientists of the All India Co-ordinated Research Programme on Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Pune.

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• Effect of Selected Fungicides onIn vitro Vegetative Growth of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, a Pathogen of Rice Leaf Folders

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Authors

V. Ambethgar ¹, M. Swamiappan ², R. J. Rabindra ³, R. Rabindran ²

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vridhachalam 606001, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 85-87

Abstract

The toxic effect of 10 fungicides on mycelial growth of Beauveria bassiana (isolate BbCm KKL 1100), a pathogen of rice leaf folders, was evaluated in vitro at three concentrations each: the normal field application rate (I.0X), 10-fold lower rate (0.1X) and 10-fold higher rate (10.0X) on agar plates. The fungicides tested were antagonistic to B. bassiana and inhibited the mycelial growth of either partially or completely depending on the concentration. At 10-fold higher concentration, all 10 fungicides caused total inhibition of mycelial growth. Two fungicides, viz., benomyl and hexaconazole, caused total inhibition of the fungus in all the three concentrations tested. Three fungicides viz., edifenphos, iprobenphos and mancozeb, appeared to be fungistatic at normal field dose (1.0X). Benomyl, carbendazim, hexaconazole, propiconazole and tricyclazole caused total inhibition of mycelial growth at 1.0X, while chlorothalonil, copper oxychloride and edifenphos were comparatively less toxic to B. bassiana causing 63.0, 72.6 and 76.3 per cent mycelial inhibition, respectively at 0.1X.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Fungicides, Mycelial Growth, Rice Leaf Folders.

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• Characterization and Identification of Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an Introduced Parasitoid of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink through DNA Barcode

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Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, Nesil Liz Baby ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, A. N. Shylesha ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 11–13

Abstract

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, is a serious invasive pest in India and causes severe yield loss. Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Encyrtidae) is one of the efficient parasitoids for the suppression of papaya mealybug in its native range. This parasitoid was introduced from Puerto Rico in 2010 through USDA-APHIS for use against the papaya mealybug. Subsequently, natural occurrence of the parasitoid was observed in mealybug infested papaya fields at Pune and the parasitoid was identified as A. papayae based on morphology based taxonomy at NBAII. The study was undertaken for the DNA barcoding of A. papayae, using CO1 region in order to supplement and confirm that the introduced and Pune populations belonged to the same species and the study revealed that the A. papayae populations from Pune and USA are one and the same having fragment size of ~673bp.

Keywords

Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus Marginatus, Acerophagus Papayaa, Cytochrome C Oxidase-I (CO1), DNA Barcode.

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References

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• Pokharkar, D. S., Nakat, R. V., Tamboli, N. D., Dhane, A. S., Jadhav, S. S., Chandele, A. G. and Rabindra, R. J. 2010. A new record of Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, in Pune region of Maharashtra state. Journal of Biological Control, 24: 291.
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• Biological Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Isolate with Different Insecticides and Neem Formulations Commonly Used in Rice Pest Management

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Authors

V. Ambethgar ¹, M. Swamiappan ², R. J. Rabindra ³, R. Rabindran ²

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, TNAU, Vridhachalam 606001, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Center for Plant Protection Studies, TNAU, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Biological Control, ICAR, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 11-15

Abstract

Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (isolate BbCm KKL 1100) with twelve insecticides and three neem formulations was examined on agar plate to develop suitable combinations for the management of insect pests in rice fields. All chemical and botanical insecticides inhibited mycelial growth of B. bassiana either partially or completely depending on their concentrations (10X, 1X and 0.1X, where X = treated concentration). Chemical insecticides completely inhibited the mycelial growth of B. bassiana, while the neem formulations inhibited 70-86% biomass production of the fungus at 10X concentration. At 1X concentration, carbofuran caused total inhibition, but all other insecticides caused 47.4-75.5% inhibition. However, at 0.1X concentration, only neem seed kernel extract, chlorpyriphos and dimethoate exhibited 22.2%, 27.3% and 32.6% mycelial inhibition, respectively, and these could be used with B. bassiana in the field condition.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Compatibility, Insecticides, Neem Products and Rice Pests.

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References

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• Management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using its Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) Formulations Applied by Different Methods on Tomato

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Authors

A. Mehrvar ¹, R. J. Rabindra ², K. Veenakumari ², G. B. Narabenchi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Protection, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, IR
2 Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Biocontrol Research Laboratories, Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 145-149

Abstract

Efficacy of some adjuvants against Helicoverpa armigera on tomato when applied with NPV formulations and sprayed by two different equipments (controlled droplet applicator and backpack hydraulic sprayer) was evaluated. Results showed that H. armigera populations could be effectively controlled by the virus on tomato. The data on larval population, fruit damage, and yield indicated that adjuvants could enhance significantly the efficacy of the virus preparations and there was no significant difference between application methods.

Keywords

Adjuvants, Field Efficacy, Helicoverpa armigera, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Sprayer and Tomato.

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References

• Dhandapani, N., Sundara Babu, P.C., Jayaraj, S. and Rabindra, R.J. 1993. Field efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus against Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) and Spodoptera litura (Fb.) on different host crops. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 70: 320-324.
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• Muthuswami, M., Rabindra, R.J. and Jayaraj, S. 1994. Evaluation of certain adjuvants as phagostimulants and UV protectants of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.). Journal of Biological Control, 8: 27-33.
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• Effect of Vegetable Oils on the Yield of Nucleopolyhedrovirus of Helicoverpa armigera (HearNPV)

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Authors

A. Mehrvar ¹, R. J. Rabindra ², K. Veenakumari ², G. B. Narabenchi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Protection, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518183111, IR
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Biocontrol Research Laboratories, Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 295-300

Abstract

Effect of dietary incorporation of three vegetable oils, viz., sunflower, soybean and coconut, on the yield productivity of seven geographic isolates of nucleopolyhedrovirus of Helicoverpa armigera at 1965.78 OB/mm² was evaluated to select the most efficient vegetable oil and the highly promising virus isolate(s). Among the seven isolates, Coimbatore isolate recorded the highest yield of 6.895 x 10⁹ OB/larva, followed by Negamum, Ooty, Parbhani, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Rahuri, when the larvae were fed with virus inoculated standard diet without vegetable oils. Among the different oils tested, sunflower oil enhanced the larval mortality (92.03-94.07% for different isolates tested). However, the yield of virus per larva was significantly increased when both sunflower oil and soybean oil were used as additives along with standard diet. The productivity ratio was also highest when both sunflower oil and soybean oil were used as additives in all the isolates tested. So it can be concluded that sunflower oil can be used as a dietary adjuvant in HearNPV production systems.

Keywords

Helicoverpa armigera, Mass Production, Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Vegetable Oils.

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• Influence of Parasitoid-Host Density on the Behaviour Ecology of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a Parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker

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Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, T. V. Baskaran ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 255-264

Abstract

Since Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) is found to have strong parental care for its progeny, the influence of different densities of G. nephantidis and its host, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) on the behaviour ecology of the parasitoid was studied. Interaction between different densities of the host and parasitoid revealed that a ratio of 1:1 was significantly superior to all other ratios resulting in maximum parasitism (9.0 larvae / female), fecundity (93.2/female) and number of progenies (75.2/female). Exposing more than one C. cephalonica larva did not significantly increase the parasitizing efficiency, fecundity and progeny produced. Conversely, exposing a single C. cephalonica larva to several female parasitoids adversely affected the biological attributes of the parasitoid. Increasing the densities of either host insects or parasitoids had an inverse relationship with oviposition behaviour, parasitism efficiency and progeny production of the parasitoid establishing the important and significant role played by host-parasitoid density.

Keywords

Corcyra cephalonica, Density, Goniozus nephantidis, Opisina arenosella, Parasitizing Behaviour, Parental Care.

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• Additions to the Natural Enemy Complex of the Red Hairy Caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Abstract Views :187  |  PDF Views:117

Authors

K. Veenakumari ¹, S. Ramani ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 203-204

Abstract

Three species of Tachinidae, namely, Blepharipa zebina (Walker), Exorista xanthaspis (Wiedemann) and Carcelia sp., were found parasitising the larvae of Amsacta albistriga (Walker) in Pavagada taluk, Tumkur district, Karnataka. In addition to these parasites, two predators, viz., Rhynocoris sp. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and Anthia sexguttata (F.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were also found predating on these caterpillars.

Keywords

Amsacta albistriga, Anthia sexguttata, Blepharipa zebina, Carcelia sp., Exorista xanthaspis, Rhynocoris sp., Natural Enemies.

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• Efficacy of Nucleopolyhedrovirus against Spilarctia obliqua (Walker) on Mulberry

Abstract Views :171  |  PDF Views:104

Authors

K. Veenakumari ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, C. D. Srinivasa Naik ¹, M. R. Shubha ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 209-212

Abstract

Pot experiments carried out to study the efficacy of nucleopolyhedrovirus against the Bihar hairy caterpillar Spilarctia obliqua (Walker), at Bangalore indicated that a spray of NPV @ 1×10⁷ POB ml⁻¹ resulted in a larval mortality of 93.33% in third instar larvae and 87.5% in fourth instar larvae. Cent per cent larval mortality was obtained when the plants were sprayed with dichlorvos @ 2 ml l⁻¹. The leaf damage for viral treatments varied from 19.65 to 41.89 and 21.0 to 38.0 per cent for third and fourth instar larvae, respectively.

Keywords

Mulberry, SoNPV, Spilarctia obliqua.

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• Pathogenicity of Certain Indigenous Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee)

Abstract Views :231  |  PDF Views:111

Authors

V. Ambethgar ¹, M. Swamiappan ², R. J. Rabindra ³, R. Rabindran ⁴

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, TNAU, Vridhachalam - 606001, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Agriculture College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai - 625104, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Bangalore- 560024, Karnataka, IN
4 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 223-234

Abstract

The pathogenicity of 42 local isolates of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiaua (22), Metarlizium anisopliae (three), M. flavoriride (one), Nomuraea rileyi (four), Paecilomyces sp. (one), Aspergillus spp. (five), Fusarium spp. (three), Zoophthora radiants (two) and Entomoplithora sp. (one) originating from a range of insect species were evaluated against third instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. All the isolates tested were pathogenic to the pest at varying degrees. In single-dose (1 × 10⁷conidia/ml) time-mortality assay, only five isolates of B. bassiaua, viz., BbCm KKL 1100, BbCm TVR 0101, BbCm ADT 0101 (isolated from C. medinalis), BbMp KKL 1195 (isolated from Marasmia partialis) and BbOn KKL 0597 (isolated from Oxya nitidnla), were superior to all other isolates with BbCm KKL 1100 having the lowest LT₅₀ value of 7.81days. In the multiple dose assays (ranging from 1 × 10⁴ to 1 × 10⁹ conidia/ml), the Karaikal isolate of B. bassiaua (BbCm KKL 1100 isolated from C. medinalis) was found to be the most virulent. The LC₅₀ value estimated at 13 days post-inoculation from three independent bioassays for this isolate was 2.8 × 10³ conidia/ml. This was closely followed by BbOn KKL 0597 (isolated from Oxya uitidula) with a LC₅₀ of 2.2 × 10⁴ conidia/ml. Based on the time-dose mortality factor, the B. bassiaua isolate BbCm KKL 1100 has been selected as a potential microbial agent for further investigations in field conditions.

Keywords

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Entomopathogenic Fungi, Pathogenicity.

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• Effect of Natural Sunlight on the Activity of Different Geographic Isolates of Nucleopolyhedrovirus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

Abstract Views :227  |  PDF Views:109

Authors

A. Mehrvar ¹, R. J. Rabindra ², K. Veenakumari ², G. B. Narabenchi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Protection, M.H.E.C, University or Tabriz, Tabriz-5166616471, IR
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Pest Control India, Bangalore - 560064, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 235-239

Abstract

Susceptibility of seven geographic isolates of Helicoverpa armigera NPV to sunlight was evaluated by subjecting them to different exposure times (0, 3, 6. 12, 24 and 36 hours). The viral dose of exposure was 1 × 10⁷ POB/ml and bioassays were performed at a dose of l × 10⁵ POB/ml of each virus isolate. The study showed that exposure to natural sunlight affected the activity of the different HearNPV isolates. About six hours of exposure reduced the activity of the viral isolates by nearly 50 percent. By 36 hours, all the isolates had lost their activity by about 70 percent. There were no significant differences in the susceptibility of different isolates to natural sunlight. However, NGM isolate showed the lowest inactivation after 36 hours of exposure. Time-mortality response of HearNPV isolates indicated that exposure to natural sunlight beyond 12 hours declined the viral activity to the extent of 50 percent. The order of IT₅₀ values for the isolates was Negamum > Ooty > Coimbature > Mumbai > Parbhani > Hyderabad > Rahuri.

Keywords

Geographic Isolates, Helicoverpa armigera, Natural Sunlight, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Persistence.

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• Mass Production of Dipha aphidivora (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae), a Potential Predator of Sugarcane Woolly Aphid, in Shade Nets

Abstract Views :196  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

S. A. Ghorpade ¹, D. S. Pokharkar ¹, R. J. Rabindra ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Pune-411005, Maharashtra, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 297-300

Abstract

Mass production of Dipha aphidivora (Meyrick), a potential predator of sugarcane woolly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner, was attempted in 'makeshift' type green shade nets of 40 and 50% mesh with temporarily installed bamboo frames by covering 6 and 7 months old sugarcane crop on small scale (25 m²). Seven-month-old sugarcane crop with 60-70% SWA infestation covered by 50% green shade net in bamboo frame of 5 × 5 m size yielded a maximum of 2700 larvae and pupae of D. aphidivora within 75 days.

Keywords

Dipha aphidivora, Mass Production, Shade Net, Sugarcane Woolly Aphid.

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• Sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera:Aphididae)

Abstract Views :201  |  PDF Views:111

Authors

G. Ashok Kumar ¹, C. D. Srinivas Naik ¹, Prashanth Mohanraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 301-303

Abstract

The woolly aphid, Ceratovacuua lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera:Aphididae), assumed an epidemic proportion in Maharashtra and Karnataka in the year 2002. Presently this pest is prevalent in India in major sugarcane growing areas and it is important to find out the population differences to assess their epidemic potential. Molecular markers such as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) play an important role to bring out the population differences at the molecular level. Hence, ITS 2 region of C. lanigera was sequenced using specific primers (product size 448 bp) and the sequence was submitted to GenBank (DQ 825651).

Keywords

Bangalore Population, Ceratovacuma lanigera, ITS-2, Sequencing.

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• Effect of Entomofungal Pathogens on Mortality of Three Aphid Species

Abstract Views :202  |  PDF Views:119

Authors

R. Nirmala ¹, B. Ramanujam ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, N. S. Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (leAR) Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 89-94

Abstract

The pathogenicity of twelve fungal isolates belonging to Beauveria basiana (Bals.) Vuill., Metarhizium allisopliae (Metschinikoff) Sorokin and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) against Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover and Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch was studied using detached leaf bioassay technique. All twelve isolates of thc three fungi were found to be pathogenic to A. craccivora and A. gossypii at a concentration of 1x107 spores/ml. All isolates except Bb3 and Bb4 of B. bassiana were pathogenic to R. maidis. The mortality ranged from 2 to 74 per cent in A. craccivora, 14 to 80.8 percent in A. gossypii and 6 to 50 per cent in R. maidis. Bb5a isolate of B. bassiana caused highest per cent mortality in A. gossypii (80.8%.) and R. maidis (50%) indicating its broad spectrum action. VII isolate of V. lecanii recorded maximum mortality (80.8%) of A. craccivora. R. maidis was relatively less susceptible to the three fungi than A. craccivora and A. gossypii. The LC50 of Bb5a for three days old nymphs of A. gossypii was 6.57x105 spores/ml. The LT₅₀ of Bb5a for three days old nymphs of A. gossypii was highest (9.67 days) for the lowest dose of 106 spores/ml, which decreased with increasing concentration. The highest dose 109 spores/ml recorded the lowest LT₅₀ of 1.76 days.

Keywords

Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopiiac, Rhopalosiphum maidi, Verticillium lecanii.

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• First report of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on Amsacta albistriga Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) from Karnataka, India

Abstract Views :173  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

K. Veenakumari ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, C. D. Srinivasanaik ¹, M. R. Shuba ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P. B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 95-96

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, a fungal pathogen was for the First time found infecting the red hairy caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga Walker in the groundnut crop at Pavagada taluk in Tumkur district, Karnataka. This opens up the scope for utilizing this pathogen as a component of IPM of this pest.

Keywords

Amsacta albistriga, Beauveria bassiana, Groundnut Crop.

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• Effect of Combinations of Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) with Antibiotics on the Susceptibility of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

Abstract Views :154  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

S. Manimegalai ¹, N. Sathiah ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, G. Santharam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil NaduAgricultural University Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 97-100

Abstract

Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) was combined with different antibiotics to increase its pathogenicity. It was administered to third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions by diet surface treatment and the mortality and spore yield was studied. Reproductive spores of V.necatrix at 10⁶ spores/ml were mixed with 100 ppm of antibiotics viz. gentamycin, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, kana mycin and chloramphenicol. The results showed that the larval mortality due to various Vairimorpha antibiotic combinations ranged from 10 to 62.07 per cent and it was high compared to prepupal and pupal stages. Assessment of spore yield in the infected larvae, pre-pupae and pupae revealed that larval stages recorded higher production of spores which ranged from 0.23 to 2.36 x 10¹⁰ spores for larva, 2.26 to 5.28 x 10⁹ spores for pre pupa and 0.28 to 2.23 x 10⁹ spores for pupa. Among the various combinations, Vairimorpha-gentamycin combination produced higher mortality and spore yield of V. necatrix.

Keywords

Antibiotics, Mortality, Spodoptera litura, Spore Yield, Vairimorpha necatrix.

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• Economics of Production of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), an Important Parasitoid of Coconut Black-Headed Caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) for Bio-Factories

Abstract Views :277  |  PDF Views:121

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Srinivasamurthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, C. Bharathi Dasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P. B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 53-58

Abstract

Black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker), is a serious pest of coconut palms causing severe defoliation and yield loss. Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), one of the dominant and effective parasitoids of O. arenosella, is being widely used in the biological control programme. Technology for the production and cost economies of G. nephantidis were worked out for the first time. The production of 3,25,000 parasitoids within a period of 6 months required charging of 225 wooden Corcyra boxes @ 75 nos./batch three times. Coreyra cephalonica (Stainton) was used as a laboratory host for rearing the parasitoid. Exposure of 2500 matured C. cephalonica larvae, was required in order to get I lakh parasitoids per month. The cost of production of 100,000 G. nephantidis cocoons was Rs. 27,600. The commercial cost of cocoon in India is Rs. 40,000 per 100,000 parasitoids and the profit would be Rs. 12,400 for producing 100,000 parasitoids. Benefit-Cost of the production of parasitoid was 1:1.45. Employment generated during the production process was four. Hence, this technology is highly feasible and can he adopted for the production and use against the pest. This mass production technology would be suitable for promoting localized production of G. nephantidis at village or district level especially for farmers, unemployed graduates, private and public sector units and NGOs.

Keywords

Black-Headed Caterpillar, Coreyra cephalonica, Cost of Production, Fixed Cost, Goniozus nephantidis, Opisina arenosella, Variable Cost.

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• Efficacy of Different Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) at Different Temperatures and Humidities

Abstract Views :219  |  PDF Views:117

Authors

A. Derakhshan ¹, R. J. Rabindra ², B. Ramanujam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Shahrood, Shahrood, IR
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P.B. No, 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 65-72

Abstract

The virulence of twenty-five isolates of entomopathogenic fungi consisting of ten belonging to Beauveria bassiana (Bills.) Vuill., seven to Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman), five to Metarhizium anisopliae (Mctschinikoff) Sorokin, two to Nomnraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson and one to Paecilomyces fumosorosens (Wize) Brown and Smith originating from a wide range of insect species was investigated in laboratory bioassays on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) at different regimes of temperature (20, 25 and 30°C) and relative humidity (75, 85, 90 and 95%). All fungal isolates except N. rileyi isolates were pathogenic to the aphid, but in varying degrees. Among three levels of temperature tested, aphid mortality was significantly higher at 25°C than 20 and 30°C. Aphid mortality decreased with decreasing relative humidity. Among all isolates in all combinations of temperature and relative humidity, four isolates of V. lecanii, V.I-l, V.I-2, V.l-6, and V.I-7.showed higher virulence to B. brassicae. In multiple dose bioassays, lowest LT₅₀ was obtained from V.1-7 isolate. The highest virulence of V.1-7 isolate of V. lecanii to B. brassicae suggests that the isolate would be a potential candidate as a microbial control agent for the cabbage aphid.

Keywords

Brevicoryne brassicae, Entomopathogenic Fungi, Humidity, Temperature, Verticillium lecanii.

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• Susceptibility of Crude and Semi-Purified Extracts of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolates of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) to Simulated Sunlight

Abstract Views :225  |  PDF Views:108

Authors

Ali Mehrvar ¹, R. J. Rabindra ², K. Veenakumari ², G. B. Narabenchi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Protection, M. H. E. C, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 516661647, IR
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P.B.No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd. Division: Bio-Control Research Laboratories, Bangalore-560064, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 91-96

Abstract

The stability of both crude and semi-purified extracts of different HaNPV isolates under simulated sunlight was studied. It was realized that the persistence of both crude and semi-purified suspensions of Negamum isolate collected from Tamil Nadu was most tolerant to simulated sunlight among all the isolates tested in this study. The highest larval mortality (70.12%) was obtained from crude extract of the Negamum isolate as compared with that of semi-purified suspension (54.44%). The order of inhibition of crude viral extracts of HaNPV isolates under simulated sunlight irradiation at 500 W/m² for 90 minutes was Negamum < Ooty < Coimbatore < Mumbai < Hyderabad < Parbhani < Rahuri, which was similar with that of the semi-purified suspensions with the exception of Parbhani < Hyderabad.

Keywords

Geographic Isolates, Helicoverpa armigera, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Persistence, Simulated Sunlight.

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• Growth Parameters of some Isolates of Entomofungal Pathogens and Production of Dust-Free Spores on Rice Medium

Abstract Views :206  |  PDF Views:133

Authors

R. Nirmala ¹, B. Ramanujam ², R. J. Rabindra ², N. S. Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Entomology section, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore-641007, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 121-128

Abstract

Four isolates in each of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinikoff) Sorokin and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas, pathogenic to key pests of crops like, coffee berry borer, coconut rhinoceros beetle, cashew stem borer, citrus and coffee green scale etc. were assessed for the colony growth on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), biomass and spore production in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and dry spore production in rice grown through di-phasic production system. The isolates Bb5a (B. bassiana), Ma4 (M. anisopliae) and V15 (V. lecanii) were found fast growing with the colony diameter of 6.3, 8.1 and 5.7cm, respectively on PDA after 15 days of incubation. Biomass production in PDB was comparatively higher in shake cultures than in stationary cultures for all isolates except Bb4, BbSa, and V13a. Among the B. bassiana isolates, biomass production in stationary cultures was highest in Bb4 isolate (0.78 g/100ml) and in shake culture in Bb3 isolate (1.02g/100ml). Ma2 in stationary eulture (0.8g/100ml) and Ma3 isolate in shake cultures produced maximum biomass (l.09g/100ml). V1 2a isolate among V. lecanii isolates produced maximum biomass in stationary culture and shake culture (0.77 and 1.03g/100ml, respectively). M. anisopliae isolates formed mycelial pellets of various sizes under shake culture condition in PDB, In two-stage system of mass production, the maximum spore production on rice was observed in BbSa, Ma4 and V15 isolates (96.0, 49.8 and 17.5 x 10⁸ spores g⁻¹) and maximum spores per gram of rice were harvested in Bb5a, Ma2 and V12a isolates (28.00, 45.50 and 15.60 mg g⁻¹). Maximum viable spores per gram of spore dust were recorded in Bb5a, Ma4 and V15 isolates (4.7 x 10¹⁰, 2.5 x 10¹⁰ and 1.7 x 10⁹g⁻¹). Taking into consideration of quantity of spore dust production and viable spores in the spore dust, Bb5a, Ma2 and V12a were identified as potential isolates for large-scale production of dry conidial powder.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Biomass, Metarhizium anisopliae, Radial Growth, Spore Production, Verticillium lecanii.

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• Field Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus against the Red Hairy Caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on Groundnut in Karnataka

Abstract Views :239  |  PDF Views:129

Authors

K. Veenakumari ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, C. D. Srinivasa Naik ¹, M. R. Shubha ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 141-144

Abstract

Field experiments at Pavagada, Karnataka during August 2003, indicated that Amsacta albistriga NPV @ 1.5 x 10¹² POB/ha was as effective as chlorpyriphos @ 20g a. i./ha against red hairy caterpillar. For an environmentally friendly approach AaNPV can be used as an effective component of IPM packages for the control of red hairy caterpillars in the endemic areas of Karnataka.

Keywords

Amsacta albistriga, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Groundnut Ecosystem.

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• Standardization of Laboratory Mass Production of Amsacta albistriga Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Abstract Views :215  |  PDF Views:111

Authors

K. Veenakumari ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, C. D. Srinivasa Naik ¹, M. R. Shubha ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control (ICAR), P. B. No. 2491, H. A, Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 2 (2006), Pagination: 183-190

Abstract

Five experiments were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of temperature, humidity, host plant, viral dosage and age of the larvae on the yield of the nucleopolyhedrovirus that could be produced in the red hairy caterpillar, Amsacta albistrigu (Walker). It was concluded that inoculating early sixth instar larvae with a virus inoculum of 5 x 10⁸ POBs/ml, fed with castor leaves, and incubated at 30 ± l°C with a relative humidity of 80–90 per cent gave maximum yield of AaNPV. This forms the basis for mass-producing the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the red hairy caterpillar in the laboratory, which could be used as one of the major components of IPM practices for controlling A. albistriga.

Keywords

Amsacta albistriga, Host Plants, Humidity, Laboratory Mass Production, Larval Age, Temperature.

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• Screening and Selection of Potential Trichoderma Isolates for the Control of Cotton Seed Rot and Damping-off

Abstract Views :193  |  PDF Views:102

Authors

C. Gopalakrishnan ¹, B. Ramanujam ¹, R. D. Prasad ¹, N. S. Rao ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 2 (2003), Pagination: 161-165

Abstract

Out of twelve Trichoderma isolates tested, cotton isolate T. viride (97) exhibited the fastest growth rate and strong antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani in vitro recording 56.2 per cent inhibition in dual culture. All the isolates tested enhanced cotton seed germination when treated with mycelial suspensions of bioagents in vivo. The disease incidence in bioagent treatments ranged between 14.8 to 32.4 per cent, while pathogen treatment recorded 82 per cent. Three isolates have recorded seedling vigour index above 2000, which was much better than fungicide treatment (1471) in blotter tests (Roll Towel Method). T. viride (32) recorded the maximum seed germination (86.4 per cent) and no incidence of post -emergence mortality under green house conditions. The seedling vigour index in bioagent treatments ranged between 1004 and 1866.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Cotton, Damping-off, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma.

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• Use of Brewery Waste Amended Spent Malt as Substrate for Mass Production of Trichoderma

Abstract Views :211  |  PDF Views:115

Authors

C. Gopalakrishnan ¹, B. Ramanujam ¹, R. D. Prasad ¹, N. S. Rao ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 2 (2003), Pagination: 167-170

Abstract

Among four different levels of brewers' yeast tested, 3g/100 g of spent malt was found to be optimum for the growth of Trichoderma harzianum in solid-state fermentation. Spent malt brewers' yeast medium supported all the species namely, T. harzianum, T. viride and T. virens. T. harzianum recorded the highest number of viable propagules after twelve days of incubation. All the treatments recorded more number of viable propagules after twelve days of incubation than after seven days of incubation.

Keywords

Brewers' Yeast, Solid State, Spent Malt, Trichoderma harzianum.

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• Influence of Dietary Vegetable Oils on the Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and its Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Production

Abstract Views :225  |  PDF Views:115

Authors

C. M. Senthil Kumar ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, Tamilnadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 57-61

Abstract

Investigations were-carried out on the impact of certain vegetable oils, viz., castor, coconut, cottonseed, groundnut, mustard, safflower, sesamum, soybean, sunflower and linseed added at the rate of 0.6 per cent in the semi-synthetic diet on the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). The results revealed that the vegetable oils (0.6 %) did not have any effect on larval and pupal duration, fecundity and egg period of the insect. However, the yield of NPV was significantly increased by the addition of mustard and coconut oils to the standard diet. When early fifth instar larvae were inoculated with a dose of 1966.18 POB/mm² of diet surface, diet incorporated with 0.6 per cent coconut oil yielded the highest number of 8.7xl0⁹ POB/larva which was significantly higher than that obtained from larvae fed on standard diet. At the higher inoculum level of 3932.96 POB/mm², mustard oil recorded the highest virus yield of 7.4xl0⁹ POB per larva. But incorporation of mustard oil in the diet reduced the fecundity in S. litura moths significantly and hence mustard oil cannot be used in host culture. Also, by incurring an additional cost of Rs. 0.30/- by adding 0.6 per cent of coconut oil, to the diet, an increase in yield upto 12.9x10¹¹ POB/200 larvae (4.3 fold increase) was obtained. The results indicate that the insects can be mass produced in the standard diet, and for virus production mustard and coconut oils can be used as dietary adjuvant at 0.6 per cent to the standard diet.

Keywords

NPV, Semi-Synthetic Diet, Spodoptera litura, Vegetable Oils.

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• A Novel Method of Field Release of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), an Important Primary Parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker on Coconut

Abstract Views :274  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, N. S. Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 79-80

Abstract

Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) is an important primary parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker in coconut eco-system. The method of release of G. nephantidis was standardized for the first time. It was found that 90-100 per cent of the parasitoids released at the trunk (1.2 m from the ground level) reached the crown of the palm irrespective of the height of the tree. The mean time taken by each batch of the parasitoids to reach the crown varied from 13 to 22 minutes. It was also found that the parasitoids preferred to crawl on the tree rather than flying. Hence it is suggested that G. nephantidis adults may be released at the trunk (1.2 m height from the ground level) of the coconut palm for the management of O. arenosella instead of releasing at the crown region of the palm or arbitrarily on unit area basis.

Keywords

Goniozus nephantidis Method of Release, Opisina arenosella.

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• Role of Egg Parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja alone and in Combination with Dicblorovos in the Management of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) on Cabbage

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:105

Authors

K. I. Singh ¹, S. K. Jalali ², R. J. Rabindra ², N. S. Rao ², Y. Lalitha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, lmphul 795 004, Manipur, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR), Post Bag no. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 2 (2004), Pagination: 135-139

Abstract

The optimum release dosage of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja and its comparative efficacy alone and in combination with dichlorvos against diamondback moth (DBl\1), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) on cabbage was worked out. Results of the study on the percentage parasitization under different host-parasitoid ratios revealed that the maximum DBM egg parasitization (83.0%) was recorded in the ratio 100 (eggs): 5 (females), which was on par with other higher ratios of 100:10 to 100:20. The release of T. bactrae twice (2 and 5 days after DBM moth release) proved as the most effective treatment in significantly reducing the larval population (4.89 larvae per plant) in comparison to two sprays of dichlorvos (0.05%) (14.54 larvae per plant). The results indicated the efficacy of T. bactrae in suppressing DBM on cabbage and calls for further evaluation in field trials.

Keywords

Cabbage, Dichlorvos, Efficacy, Plutella xylostella, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae.

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• Parasitising Efficiency of the Pupal Parasitoid, Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) at Different Exposure Periods

Abstract Views :247  |  PDF Views:117

Authors

Arun Baitha ¹, S. K. Jalali ², R. J. Rabindra ², T. Venkatesan ², N. S. Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop protection, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Rae Bareli Road, Dilkusha, P.O., Lucknow 226 002, UP, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag NO.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 65-68

Abstract

Pupae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were exposed to one-day-old mated females of Tetrastichus howard(OlIifO) for different periods to determine optimum period of exposure for laboratory production. The percentage parasitism varied significantly from 20 to 80 with different exposure periods. The number of parasitoids obtained per pupa (138.0) and females (71 %) were significantly higher when pupae were exposure for 12 hours and it decreased significantly on increasing exposure period. Though the per cent parasitism was vlry low when the pupae were exposed for 12 hours, the number of parasitoids obtained/ 100 pupae was highest (2760). However, considering progeny production and per cent females obtained, 12 hours exposure period is most suitable for avoiding superparasitism in the lahoratory production of the parasitoid.

Keywords

Chilo partellus, Exposure Period, Superparasitism, Tetrastichus howardi.

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• Mass Production of Trichoderma spp. on Spent Meals of Parasitoid Hosts Reared in Laboratory

Abstract Views :194  |  PDF Views:96

Authors

V. K. Razdan ¹, B. Ramanujam ², R. J. Rabindra ², N. S. Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Plant Pathology, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu 180 002, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR), H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 91-96

Abstract

Suitability of the spent meals of laboratory reared insect parasitoid hosts, namely, Corcyra cephalonica and Sitotroga cerealella for the rnass production of Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and T. virens was studied. Assessment of optimum moisture level required in C. cephaionica spent rneal for rnass production of Trichoderma spp. was done. Approximately 45 per cent rnoisture yielded rnaximum sporulation of Trichoderma spp. While investigating the utilization of spent meals of C. cephalonica and S. cerealella, it was observed that S. cerealella spent rneal supported maximurn sporulation and viable propagules ill all the three species of Trichoderma and was on par with sorghum as a substrate. However, C. cephalonica meal yielded lowest sporUlation and viable propagules.

Keywords

Corcyra, Mass Production, Sitotroga, Trichoderma harzianum, T. Viride, T. Virens.

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• Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera:Aphididae) a Serious Pest of Sugarcane in Maharashtra and Attempts at its Management by Biological Means

Abstract Views :441  |  PDF Views:198

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, Prashanth Mohanraj ¹, J. Poorani ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, S. Joshi ¹, S. Ramani ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 171-172

Abstract

Serious and unprecedented infestations by the sugarcane woolly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner were witnessed on the leaves of 4·9 month old sugarcane crop in Kolhapur and Pune districts of Maharashtra during September-October, 2002. During surveys for natural enemies, seven predators were recorded in Kolhapur, of which Dipha?aphidivora (Meyrick) was observed to be the most promising. In Pune district, only Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) was recorded. Limited field releases of the coccinellid, Synonycha grandis (Thunberg) collected from the bamboo woolly aphids at Bangalore and the chrysopid, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) were made in a small area at Kolhapur. S. grandis adults and C. carnea eggs were recovered 2 to 3 weeks after release, indicating their survival in the field.

Keywords

Biological Control, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Sugarcane, Synonycha grandis.

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• Combined Action of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and Neem Bitter against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Larvae

Abstract Views :244  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, B. Rajasekaran ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 11, No 1&2 (1997), Pagination: 5-9

Abstract

Laboratory experiments showed that neem bitter (0.1%), an ethanol-soluble concentrate of neem oil cake when combined with nuclear polyhedrosis virus [5×10⁵ polyhedral occlusion bodies (POBs/ml)] along with crude sugar (1%) caused a significantly higher mortality of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae. The NPV-neem bitter-crude sugar combination recorded the shortest LT_50. The enhanced action was seen even at a lower dose of neem bitter (0.025%) with NPV (1×10⁵ POBs/ml) and crude sugar (1%). Without crude sugar, the NPV-neem bitter combination was not effective in increasing the mortality. The larval weight and growth rate were significantly reduced in NPV-neem combination.

Keywords

Neem Bitter, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Spodoptera litura.

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• Biotechnology and Integrated Pest Management

Abstract Views :236  |  PDF Views:113

Authors

R. J. Rabindra

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 137

Abstract

This book highlights the need to exploit the full potential of modern biotechnological approaches in IPM so as to reduce over reliance on chemical pesticides. The potential for integration of biotechnology with IPM, the current trends in biotechnology for pest management, their implications and future prospects are neatly analysed with particular reference to genetic engineering of natural enemies and transgenic plants for IPM, particularly in developing countries. Biotechnology in biosystematics, improved natural enemy culture and production, and improved evaluation of natural enemies have been discussed as propositions for sound IPM programmes.

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• Management of Helicoverpa armigera with Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus on Cotton Using Different Spray Equipment and Adjuvants

Abstract Views :231  |  PDF Views:116

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 34-36

Abstract

Results of a field experiment on the control of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. on cotton with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) at a dose of 3×10¹² polyhedral occlusion bodies/ha using different spray equipment revealed that significant control of the pest and its damage to squares and bolls could be achieved in an the treatments. Seed cotton yields in plots sprayed with the virus by all the three spray equipment were significantly higher than in control and the difference between the treatments were not significant showing that for the control of H. armigera on cotton with NPV, anyone of the spray equipment can be used. In another experiment which evaluated the efficacy of NPV applied with certain adjuvants by a mist blower, it was found that a combination of NPV with cotton seed kernel extract (2.5 kg/ha) and crude sugar (2.5 kg/ha) recorded significantly lower boll damage than NPV applied alone. The seed cotton yield in the different treatments as well as in the control however did not differ significantly.

Keywords

Helicoverpa armigera, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Spray Equipment, Adjuvants.

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• Evaluation of Certain Botanicals as Stressors of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera

Abstract Views :222  |  PDF Views:105

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Arivudai Nambi ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 2 (1994), Pagination: 129-130

Abstract

The gram caterpillar Helicoverpa (=Heliothis armigera) is attacked by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) (Rabindra and Subramanian, 1974). NPV is transmitted to the offsprings of host insects by vertical transmission (Hamm and Young, 1974) and often the virus can exist in the host population in occult form (Podgwaite and Mazzone, 1986). Such latent infections or occult viruses are some times activated by stress, both biotic and abiotic, resulting in the outbreak of the disease in the host insect populations (Aruga, 1963).

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• Evaluation of Certain Adjuvants as Phagostimulants and UV - Protectants of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.)

Abstract Views :217  |  PDF Views:142

Authors

M. Muthuswami ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 27-32

Abstract

Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain adjuvants possessing phagostimulant and UV-protectant properties in increasing the efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) against Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera (Hbn.), An adjuvant - mix consisting of Frenchbean/cotton seed kernel extract 10% + crude sugar 10% + glycerol 1% + egg white 1% + whitening agent (Tinopal)0.1 % was the most effective in increasing mortality due to NPV in larvae of H. armigera. Crude sugar 10% along with either Frenchbean extract 10% or cotton seed kernel extract 10% also significantly increased the NPV mortality but these were not as effective as the treatments with adjuvant - mix with full complements of the different components. Either Frenchbean or cotton seed kernel extract - based adjuvant-mix recorded significantly lower LT₅₀ values than NPV used alone. Frenchbean/cotton seed kernel extract 10% + crude sugar 10% also recorded lower LT₅₀ values than NPV alone but were higher than those recorded by NPV + full complements of adjuvant - mix. Frechbean or cotton seed kernel extract-based adjuvantmixes were able to protect the virus from UV light. The differences in mortalities between UV -exposed and unexposed were not significant in virus treatment with adjuvants.

Keywords

Adjuvants, Phagostimulants, UV - Protectants, NPV, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Influence of Lablab Bean Varieties on the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Mortality in Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.))

Abstract Views :207  |  PDF Views:113

Authors

M. Muthuswami ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 59-60

Abstract

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) has heen found to be effective in the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) on several crops (Jayaraj et al., 1989) including lablab been (Jayaraj et al., 1987). Studies on the influence of varieties of host plants on the activity of NPV are rather limited. Rabindra et al. (1992) studied the effect of different chickpea varieties on the NPV - control of H. armigera. The present study was carried out to find out the influence of lablab bean Dolichos lab lab (L.) varieties on the mortality caused by NPV in larvae of H.armigera.

Keywords

Lablab Bean, NPV, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Effect of Certain Botanicals on the Incidence of Vairimorphasp. in Helicoverpa armigeralarvae

Abstract Views :230  |  PDF Views:141

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 61-63

Abstract

The gram pod borer Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera (Hbn) is a serious pest on crops like chickpea, pigeonpea and cotton. Recently, laboratory colonies of H.armigera were found to be infected with a microsporidian which was identified as Vairimorpha sp. (Ha strain) by Dr.W.M.Brooks of North Carolina University, U.S.A.

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• Biologicalcontrol with Egg Parasitoids

Abstract Views :252  |  PDF Views:143

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University CBE 3, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 

Abstract

The egg parasitoids particularly Trichogramma spp. have undoubtedly had a significant role in boosting the status of biological control of crop pests. Destroying the pests in their egg stages, the egg parasitoids give no opportunity for the pest to hatch and damage the crop. Though Trichogramma is extensively used in many countries; sound knowledge of the egg parasitoids is urgently needed as rightly pointed out by the editors in the preface.

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• Influence of Temperature on the Growth, Sporulation and Infectivity of Mycopathogens Against Termites

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:112

Authors

H. Khader Khan ¹, M. Gopalan ², R. J. Rabindra ²

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension, UAS, Hebbal, Bangalore - S60 024, IN
2 Department of Entomology, TamilNadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 20-23

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill and Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorkin when grown at temperatures of 25 and 30°C recorded maximum biomass, mycelial growth, conidial count and conidia. At these temperature they were highly Infective against Odontotermes brunneus Hagen. At temperatures below 25°C and above 30°C there was marked and significant reduction in the biometric characteristics and infectivity.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Odontotermes brunneus Infectivity, Temperature Effects.

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• Microbial Control of Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera on Chickpea

Abstract Views :215  |  PDF Views:127

Authors

G. Santharam ¹, D. Rose Victoria ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 44-46

Abstract

Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) armigera (Hubner) is a serious pest of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in most parts of India. The larvae infest the crop almost throughout its growth phase, being low at the vegetative and flowering stages and high at the grain development stage (Yadava and Lal, 1988). In the state of Tamil Nadu, the loss caused by H.armigera to chickpea was 40 per cent in 1987-88 (Jayaraj, 1990). Rawat et al. (1979) reported 50-100 per cent loss in yield under field conditions. Several attempts have been made in the past to control the pest with chemical insecticides and also microbials. In . the present study, an attempt was made to assess the efficacy. of microbials, Bacillus thuringiensis and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of H.armigera and a chemical insecticide, endosulfan and their combinations.

Keywords

Microbial Control, Helicoverpa armigera, Chickpea, Bacillus thuringiensis var., kurstaki, Endosulfan, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.

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• Use of a Baculovirus Mixture for the Control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) and Spodoptera litura F. on Groundnut

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

M. Muthuswami ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 105-108

Abstract

The groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L. is known to be attacked by nearly 52 species of insect pests including the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) and the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura F. (Singh et al., 1990). These two species of insects feed on leaves and cause considerable damage by defoliation. Since insecticide resistance has been reported in both H. armigera and S. litura In India (Mehrotra, 1989), baculoviruses, particularly the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) have been tried as microbial insecticides for the control of these pests. The NPV of H. armigera (HaNPV) has been found to control H.armigera on crops like chickpea (Rabindra and Jayaraj, 1988), pigeonpea (Muthiah and Rabindra, 1991), cotton (Dhandapani et 01., 1987) and sunflower (Rabindra et 01.1986). Similarly, successful control of S. litura with its NPV (SINPV) has been reported on tobacco (Ramakrishnan et 01., 1981), banana (Santharam et 01., 1988), cauliflower (Chaudhari and Ramakrishnan, 1980) and cotton (Jayaraj etal., 1981). But so far, the virus control of these pests has not been attempted on groundnut.

Keywords

Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Control, Groundnut.

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• Efficacy of Entomogenous Fungi and Botanical Insecticides against the Mango leafhopper, Amritodus atkinsoni Lethierry

Abstract Views :227  |  PDF Views:108

Authors

S. Venkatesan ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 50-51

Abstract

Srivastava and Tandon (1986) during the course of survey for natural enemies of major insect pests of mango at Lucknow, found two entomogenous fungi i.e. Verticillium lecanii Zimm. and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill parasitising the mango leafhopper, Idioscopus clypealis Lethierry. Kumar et al. (1983) recorded an entomogenous fungi, Isaria tax parasitising I. clypealis. Nirvan and Upadhyaya (1976), reported V. lecanii to be pathogenic to Amritodus atkinsoni Lethierry. In the present investigations, B. bassiana and V. lecanii and some botanical insecticides were evaluated for the control of A. atkinsoni in a field cage experiment on a Mango (Neelum) tree.

Keywords

Amritodus atkinsoni, Verticillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana, Botanicals.

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• Evaluation of Mycopathogens against the Sweet Potato Weevil Cylas formicarius (F.)

Abstract Views :173  |  PDF Views:113

Authors

H. Khader Khan ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, TNGDNAU, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 109-111

Abstract

The entomopathogenic fungi viz., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin var. anisopliae, M. flavoviride Gams & Rozsypal var. minus Rombach, Humber and Roberts., Verticillium lecanii Zimm., Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson., and P. fumosoroseus (Wlze) Brown & Smith were pathogenic to the sweet potato weevil eylas jormicarius (F.), Among these, the first three mycopathogens, listed above, were highly virulent and V. lecanii, P. lilacinus and P. fumosoroseus proved to be weak pathogens against this pest. B. bassiana was the most effective recording the lowest LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ values followed by M. anisopliae and M. flavoviride.

Keywords

Cylas formicarius Mycopathogens, Laboratory Evaluation.

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• Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Formulations against Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) on Sunflower

Abstract Views :188  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Ethiraju ¹, S. Jayaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu G.D. Naidu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu G.D. Naidu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 130-131

Abstract

Several attempts have been made to control the gram pod borer Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) on different crops with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in India (Jayaraj and Rabindra, 1989). On sunflower, two applications of NPV at 250 LE/ha could effectively control H. armigera (Rabindra et al., 1986). Recently, the NPV of H. armigera was formulated into wettable powders and dusts and found effective against H. armigera larvae in the laboratory (Ethiraju et al., 1988). This communication deals with a pot culture study on the efficacy of NPV formulations against H. armigera larvae on sunflower heads.

Keywords

NPV, Formulations, Heliothis armigera, Sunflower.

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• Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Formulations against Spodoptera litura F. Larvae

Abstract Views :165  |  PDF Views:116

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Ethiraju ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 96-98

Abstract

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Spodoptera litura F. was formulated into wettable powders and dusts and their efficacy was tested against second instar larvae of S. litura in the laboratory. The results showed that wettable powder formulations were as effective as the unformulated virus. Wettable powder prepared with dedenol as the wetting and dispersing agent was better than dust formulations. When water was used instead of acetone in the preparation of the formulations particularly the dusts, the efficacy was increased. The WP formulation began to loose its virulence from the third month onwards of storage.

Keywords

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Formulations, Wettable Powder, Dusts, Spodoptera litura.

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• Effect of Certain Botanicals on the Conidial Germination in Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill

Abstract Views :148  |  PDF Views:96

Authors

V. Deva Prasad ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 133-133

Abstract

The use of botanicals for pest management is gaining importance and there is a possibility of integrating the use of botanical pesticides with entomopathogens (Jayaraj, 1980). Information on the compatibility of entomopathogens with insecticies of plant origin is scanty. Earlier, Dirimanov and Angelova (1962) reported that nicotine sulphate, an insecticide of plant origin, at 0.2 per cent was highly inhibitory to the growth of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. in in vitro tests. The present study was carried out with a view to find out the effect of certain botanicals, viz., Ocimum sanctum L., Allium sativum L ., Acorus calamus L., Tribulus terrestris L. as well as neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernel extract and neem oil on the coni dial germination of the entomofungal pathogen, B. bassinana.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Conidial Germination, Botanicals.

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• Controlled Droplet Application of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus with Adjuvants and UV Protectants for the Control of Heliothis armigera Hbn. on Chickpea

Abstract Views :202  |  PDF Views:122

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, N. Sathiah ¹, C. Muthiah ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 37-39

Abstract

In a field experiment, addition of whole milk 20 percent, whole egg homogenate 10 percent, Ranipal 0.5 percent, RobinbIue 0.5 percent and cotton seed oil 5 percent to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in ULV sprays effectively controlled the gram pod borer Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) on chickpea, reduced the damage to pods and increased the yield significantly. The virus was applied three times with a controlled droplet applicator. Addition of crude sugar to NPV gave the highest yield; milk, whole egg homogenate and cotton seed oil being equally effective. In two other experiments, the different adjuvants tested could not Improve the efficacy of the virus and prevent the damage and loss in yield since the larval population at the time of spraying consisted mostly of grownup stages.

Keywords

NPV, Controlled Droplet Application, Adjuvants, UV Protectants, Heliothis armigera, Chickpea.

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• Pot Culture Studies on the Efficacy of NPV Formulations against the Tobacco Cut Worm Spodoptera litura (F.) Larvae on Groundnut

Abstract Views :185  |  PDF Views:119

Authors

S. Sachithanandam ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 44-46

Abstract

Wettable powder and dust fonnulations of nuclear polyhedrosis virus @ 4.6 × 10⁶ POB/pot were as effective as chlorpyriphos 0.04% spray or carbaryl 5% dust against thIrd Instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (F.) on groundnut plants in pots. The virus formulations however were inferior to the unformulated virus. At higher doses, the wettable powder (0.8 × 10³ POB/pot) and dust (1.2 × 10⁸ POB/pot) formulations gave control equivalent to unformulated virus (0.8 × 10⁸ POB/pot). The leaf damage could be significantly reduced in all the treatments.

Keywords

NPV, Wettable Powder, Dust, Spodoptera litura, Groundnut.

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• Susceptibility of Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera) to Certain Entomogenous Fungi

Abstract Views :178  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

V. Deva Prasad ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 53-55

Abstract

Five isolates of three entomogenous fungi were bioassayed for their infectivity to second instar larvae of Spodoptera litura Fab. by spraying the host larvae with the conidial suspension in the laboratory. Of them, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Bapatla isolate) was found to be the most virulent recording the lowest LC₅₀ of 19.90 × 10⁵ conidia ml^-1. Tbe LC₅₀ values of the Bangalore and New Delhi isolates of B. bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith and P. farinosus (Holm ex Gray) Brown and Smith ranged from 5.55 × l0⁸ to 5.58 × 10⁹ conidia ml^-1, Bioassay of second, third and fourth instar larvae of S. litura for their susceptibility to Bapatla isolate or B. bassiana showed that susceptibility decreased with increase in age of the larvae in terms of both LC₅₀ and LT₅₀.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces farinosus, Spodoptera litura, Susceptibility.

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• Effect of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infection on the Insecticide Susceptibility of Heliothis armigera and Spodoptera litura Larvae

Abstract Views :194  |  PDF Views:109

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 31-34

Abstract

Laboratory bioassay studies revealed that nuclear polyhedrosis virus Infection, in late stage larvae of Heliothis armigera and Spodoptera litura increased their susceptibility to insecticides. The virus infection increased the susceptibility of final instar larvae of H. armigera to fenvalerate, cypermethrin, endosulfan and monocrotophos. The enhanced susceptibility was maximum in cypermethrin followed by endosulfan. The susceptlblllty of final instar larvae of S. litura to fenvalerate, cypermethrin, endosulfan, phenthoate and chlorpyriphos was also substantially increased.

Keywords

NPV Infection, Heliothis armigera, Spodoptera litura, Insecticide Susceptibility.

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• Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Some Insecticides against the Diamond-Back Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) on Cauliflower

Abstract Views :435  |  PDF Views:152

Authors

C. Gailce Leo Justin ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 40-43

Abstract

In field trials on the control of the diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella on cauliflower, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bactospeine^R) gave better control of the pest than all the chemical insecticides tested. Its combination with endosulfan, fenvalerate or diflubenzuron did not improve the efficacy of the pathogen. Yield was significantly higher in B.t. - treated plots in both the trials.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Diflubenzuron, Neem Seed Kernel Extract, Insecticides, Plutella xylostella, Field Efficacy.

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• Susceptibility of Gram Caterpillar, Heliothis armigera Hbn. (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera) to Certain Entomogenous Fungi

Abstract Views :208  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

V. DevaPrasad ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 44-47

Abstract

Five entomogenous fungi were bioassayed for their Infectivity to second instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hbn, by spraying them with the conidial suspension in the laboratory. Of them, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Bapatla isolate) was found to be the most virulent recording the lowest LC₅₀ of 2.17 × 10⁵ conidia ml^-1. The LC₅₀ values of the Bangalore and New Delhi Isolates of B. bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith and P. farinosus (Holm ex Gray) Brown and Smith ranged from 4.19 × 10⁸ to 5.22 × 10⁹ conidia ml^-1. Bioassay of second, third and fourth Instar larvae of H. armigera for their susceptibllity to Bapatla Isolate of B. bassiana showed that susceptibility decreased with age of the larvae in terms of both LC₅₀ and LT₅₀.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces farinosus, P. fumosoroseus, Heliothis armigera, Susceptibility.

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• Efficacy of Extracts of Certain Host Plants as Adjuvants for Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. and its Dust Formulation

Abstract Views :197  |  PDF Views:131

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 80-83

Abstract

Laboratory studies revealed that 10% water extracts of sorghum and pearl millet grains and sunRower seeds (all at dough stage), cotton bolls and squares, and tomato fruits (both green and ripe) when added to nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) (HaNPV) significantly Increased the mortality due to virus in second instar larvae of H. armigera. Probit analysis of time-mortality response showed that the LT_50s were also reduced in these treatments. Dust formulations of HaNPV containing extracts of sorghum grain, cotton seed kernel, chickpea flour and sunflower seed kernel were significantly more effective alalnst H. armigera larvae than the virus formulation without any adjuvant. Sorbic acid and methyl parahydroxy benzoate which Were used in the formulations were not responsible for the enhanced efficacy of the virus.

Keywords

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Dust Formulations, Adjuvants, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Efficacy of Fenvalerate-Treated Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and Fluvalinate-Virus Combination in the Control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) on Chickpea

Abstract Views :204  |  PDF Views:117

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, M. Muthuswami ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 104-105

Abstract

The usefulness of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in the management of Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera Hbn. on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has been demonstrated through several field experiments (Rabindra and Jayaraj, 1988a ; Rabindra et al., 1989; Rabindra et al., 1992). The virus has been applied along with half the recommended doses of insecticides like endosulfan (Rabindra and Jayaraj, 1988b) and fenvalerate (Sathiah, 1987). Probit analysis of dosage-mortality responses of H. armigera larvae to fenvalerate-treated and untreated NPV showed that the activity of the virus was enhanced due to exposure to fenvalerate (Rabindra et al., 1991). This paper reports the results of a field experiment on the field performance of fenvalerate-treated NPV as well as NPV -fluvalinate combinations in the control of H. armigera on chickpea.

Keywords

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate, Helicoverpa armigera.

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• Larval Extracts and Other Adjuvants for Increased Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Against Heliothis armigera Larvae

Abstract Views :211  |  PDF Views:174

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 102-105

Abstract

Laboratory experiments have revealed that 4% larval extracts of Heliothis armigera, Spodoptera litura and Corcyra cephalonica, 20% whole milk, 10% whole egg homogenate, 10% yellow of egg, 10% egg white, 20% tender coconut water and 20% crude sugar increased the efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus against second instar larvae of H. armigera. Measurement of leaf area consumed showed that these adjuvants had acted as phagostimulants and increased the feeding by larvae leading to acquisition of more virus resulting in increased mortality and shorter LT₅₀ values. Pot culture study showed that even though Robin blue and Tinopal both at 1% were not as effective as the other adjuvants in increasing the mortality, they increased the persistence of the virus as seen by the higher percentages of original activity remaining.

Keywords

Larval Extracts, Egg, Milk, Tender Coconut Water, Robin Blue, Tinopal, Adjuvants, Persistence, NPV, Heliothis armigera.

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• Laboratory Evaluation of Comparative Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Subspecies to Larvae of Plutella xylostella and Bombyx mori

Abstract Views :235  |  PDF Views:108

Authors

C. Gailce Leo Justin ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, M. Rangarajan ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 109-111

Abstract

Laboratory bioassay tests on the comparative efficacy of eight Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies against third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. as well as its safety to second lnstar larvae of Bombyx mori L. revealed that B.t. subsp. kurstaki (Bactospeine) was the most toxic to larvae of P. xylostella followed by B.t. subsp. thuringiensis and B.t. subsp. kurstaki (lab culture). The B.t.t. and B.t.k. (Bactospeine) were found to be less toxic to the larvae of Bombyx mori than the other species.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Subspecies, Toxicity, Plutella xylostella, Bombyx mori.

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• Compatibility of NPV of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) With Certain Fungicides

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:139

Authors

S. Sachithanandam ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 137-138

Abstract

From time to time. it has been suggested that microbial insecticides might be combined with chemical pesticides used in agriculture and forestry. Jaques (1985) suggested that the compatibility of insect viruses with pesticide chemicals especially fungicides and insecticides is important because viruses may have to be mixed with other chemicals during practical use in the field to avoid duplication of application operation. Relationships of viruses and pesticides have been reviewed by Benz (1971) and Jaques and Morris (1981).In the present study, the compatibility of S. litura NPV with mancozeb, copper oxychloride and carbendazim was studied with a view to imd out if NPV and fungicides could be applied together to manage both S. litura and foliar diseases.

Keywords

Spodoptera litura, NPV, Fungicides, Compatibility.

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