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Ghosh, Priyanka
- E-Commerce: ‘Click and Buy’ – An Easy Way of Shopping (with Respect to Indian Market)
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 3, No 12 (2014), Pagination:Abstract
This research paper has discussed about the e-commerce business in India and its prosperity. The research paper also conferred about the current market of e-commerce in India as well as the business of India’s major e-commerce companies like Snapdeal, Makemytrip, and IRCTC etc. Currently Indian e-commerce business is contributing 1.8% of the global Online sales. At present Indian e-commerce industry is having 20 million consumers which is expected to be doubled within 2018. The research also found that most of the customers are fall in to the age group of 26-35 and most of them are male. The research paper has also talked about some serious issues (like high delivery cost, sharing financial information online, product quality etc.) related to the e-commerce business as well as its future in Indian market.
Keywords
e-commerce, m-commerce, online sales, online customers, contribution, consumersFull Text
- Synergistic Interplay of Hyperandrogenism and Hyperinsulinism on Primary Culture of Luteinized Granulosa Cells – an “in-vitro” Model Mimicking Ovarian Microenvironment of Poly-Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
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1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390002, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390002, IN
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390002, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390002, IN
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Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 24, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 53-65Abstract
Poly-Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder, characterized by hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia, both at systemic and ovarian level. This study investigated the synergistic effect of hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism on the regulatory mechanism of ovarian steroidogenesis using Luteinized Granulosa Cells (LGCs). LGCs were isolated from 40 weaning female Charles Foster rats by superovulation by PMSG and characterized for purity and stability in modified DMEM: F12 media. The isolated cells were divided into following groups- control, hyperinsulinic group (0.1-2 mIU/ mL of insulin), excess androgen (10-100 ng/mL of DHT) and combination of both. One-way ANOVA was performed with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results demonstrate that the LGCs exhibit reduced expression of FSHR and CYP19A and increased expression of LHR, StAR and CYP17A1 at 72 hours. There was reduction in cell viability of LGCs when induced with hyperinsulin and hyperandrogen doses individually or in combination.0.1 mIU/mL of insulin and 50 ng/mL of DHT in combination were the minimum effective dose in inducing PCO like ovarian microenvironment in the primary culture of LGCs. There was exaggerated androgen biosynthesis, reduced progesterone secretion and non-significant change is estradiol levels in the LGCs. The abnormal steroidogenesis can be attributed to upregulation of key genes such as StAR, CYP17A1, AMH and SREBP1-c and down-regulation of genes like CYP19A1, HSD3B2, IGFBP1 and SHBG. This model can be used to study downstream signaling pathways involved with dysregulated ovarian microenvironment as observed in PCOS at cellular level and for screening of drug targets for such pathological conditions.Keywords
Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperandrogenemia, Luteinized Granulosa Cells, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Primary Culture, Steroidogenesis
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