Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
- Bishnupriya Basak
- Sujit Dasgupta
- Anil Kumar
- S. N. Rajaguru
- D. K. Misra
- Randheer Singh
- Oshin Deepak
- Arjit M. Kumar
- Yogesh Ray
- R. Jayangondaperumal
- Binita Phartiyal
- Poonam Chahal
- Pankaj Sharma
- Rupa Ghosh
- Naresh Kumar
- Rajesh Agnihotri
- Han She Lim
- Robert Wasson
- Prasanta Sanyal
- Sharmila Bhattacharya
- Praveen K. Mishra
- Suryendu Dutta
- Rajarshi Chakravarti
- Niraj Rai
- Naveen Navani
- Anoop Ambili
- K. P. Karanth
- Jahanavi Joshi
- Sushmita Singh
- Senthil Kumar Sadasivam
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Srivastava, Pradeep
- Earliest Dates and Implications of Microlithic Industries of Late Pleistocene from Mahadebbera and Kana, Purulia District, West Bengal
Abstract Views :180 |
PDF Views:84
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Archaeology, Calcutta University, Kolkata 700 073, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248 001, IN
3 Formerly at Geological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 016, IN
4 Formerly at Deccan College, Yerwada, Pune 411 006, IN
1 Department of Archaeology, Calcutta University, Kolkata 700 073, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248 001, IN
3 Formerly at Geological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 016, IN
4 Formerly at Deccan College, Yerwada, Pune 411 006, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 7 (2014), Pagination: 1167-1171Abstract
Microlithic industries, a technology associated with modern humans, as defined by the production of microblades have been found in different parts of the Indian subcontinent with the earliest date being 48 ka. The present communication reports on recent archaeological excavations of these industries from a colluvial context located in the pediment surface of Precambrian hills in Purulia, West Bengal. These are dated to 34-25 ka by optically stimulated luminescence dating and are the earliest dates for microlithic industries in eastern India. To our knowledge such dating does not exist for any prehistoric site in Bengal. The context of the sites - hill-slope colluvium - is also unique and a rarity in the subcontinent. These findings add additional inputs to the knowledge of these industries, providing supporting evidence to their antiquity.Keywords
Colluvium, Excavation, Microlihic Industries, Modern Humans.- Response of the Rivers in Himalaya to Late Pleistocene-Holocene Climate and Neotectonic Evolution of the Orogeny
Abstract Views :177 |
PDF Views:106
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 542-542Abstract
Himalaya in its S-N transect is traversed by several roughly E-W trending thrusts namely the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT, the youngest), the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), the Main Central Thrust (MCT), the South Tibetan Detachment (STD), the Counter Thrust (CT) and apart from this there are several intra-formational thrusts located between HFT and MBT and also between CT and Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ). These thrusts are south verging between HFT and STD and most are north verging between STD and ITSZ (Thakur, 1981; Jamieson et al. 2004). There are several normal faults between STD and CT. The topography slopes southward from little north of STD to HFT and northward from north of STD to ITSZ. This suggests that the Himalayan prism may have evolved in a bivergent manner where both the halves of the prism deform to counter balance the stresses generated due to the northward movement of the Indian Plate. This structural pattern is not uniform and varies laterally. These thrusts/fault when interact with domes like Tso Morari behave as normal fault. This however still requires detailed structural studies, especially in the area north of STD.References
- JAMIESON, S.S.R., SINCLAIR, H.D., KIRSTIEN, L.A. and PURVES, R.S. (2004) Tectonic forcing of longitudinal valleys in the Himalaya: morphological analysis of the Ladakh Batholith, North India. Geomorphology, v.58, pp.49-65.
- RAY, Y. and SRIVASTAVA, P. (2010) Wide-spread aggradation in the mountainous catchment of the Alaknanda-Ganga River System: Timescales and implications to Hinterland-foreland relationships. Quaternary Sci. Rev., v.29, pp.2238-2260.
- SINHA, S., SURESH, N., KUMAR, R., DUTTA, S. and Arora, B.R. (2010) Sedimentologic and geomorphic studies on the Quaternary alluvial fan and terrace deposits along the Ganga exit. Quaternary Internat., v.227, pp.87-103.
- THAKUR, V.C. (1981) Regional framework and geodynamic evolution of the Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone in Laddakh Himalaya. Trans Royal Soc. Edinburgh: Earth Sci., v.72, pp.89-97.
- Optically Stimulated Luminescence Chronology of Terrace Sediments of Siang River, Higher NE Himalaya: Comparison of Quartz and Feldspar Chronometers
Abstract Views :205 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 252-258Abstract
Four levels of terraces located along Siang River, north of Main Central Thrust at Tuting, NE Himalaya are dated using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). The dating technique is applied using (1) Blue LED stimulation on Quartz (2) Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) stimulation on Feldspar at 50 °C and (3) Infrared Stimulated Luminescence stimulation on Feldspar at an elevated temperature of 225 °C. The results indicated that the later two protocols on feldspars yielded overestimated ages that suggested incomplete bleaching of luminescence signals in feldspar. The ages derived using quartz suggested a nearly continued valley aggradation from >21-8 ka with three phases of bedrock incision. The phase of aggradation coincides with a climatic transition from cold and dry Last Glacial phase to warm and wet Holocene Optimum. The bedrock incision phases centered at <21 ka, ∼11 ka and ∼8 ka indicate towards major episodes of tectonic uplift in the region around Tuting.Keywords
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating, Siang River, Terraces, NE Himalaya.References
- AITKEN, M.J. (1998) An Introduction to Optical Dating. Academic Press, London, 267p.
- AUCLAIR, M., LAMOTHE, M., LAGROIX, F. and BANERJEE, S.K. (2007) Luminescence investigations of loess and tephra from Halfway House section, Central Alaska. Quaternary Geochronology, v.2, pp.34-38.
- BLAIR, M.W., YUKIHARA, E.G. and MCKEEVER, S.W.S. (2005) Experiences with single-aliquot OSL procedures using coarsegrain feldspars. Radiation Measurement, v.39, pp.361-374.
- BUYLAERT, J.P., VANDENBERGHE, D., MURRAY, A.S., HUOT, S., DE CORTE, F. and VAN DEN HAUTE, P. (2007) Luminescence dating of old (>70 ka) Chinese loess: a comparison of single-aliquot OSL and IRSL techniques. Quaternary Geochronology, v.2, pp.9–14.
- BUYLAERT, J.P., MURRAY, A.S., THOMPSEN, K.J. and JAIN, M. (2009) Testing the potential of an elevated temperature IRSL signal from K-feldspar. Radiation Measurements, v.44, pp.560-565.
- DAS, A. K., BAKLIWAL, P. C. and DHOUNDIAL, D. P. (1975) A brief outline of the geology of parts of Kameng District, NEFA. Geol. Surv. India Misc. Publ., no.24(1), pp.15-27.
- DUTTA, S., SURESH, N. and KUMAR, R. (2012) Climatically controlled Late Quaternary terrace staircase development in the fold- and -thrust belt of the Sub Himalaya. Palaeogeography, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.006.
- HUOT, S. and LAMOTHE, M. (2003) Variability of infrared stimulated luminescence properties from fractured feldspar grains. Radiation Measurement, v.37, pp.499-503.
- HUNTLEY, D.J. and LAMOTHE, M. (2001) Ubiquity of anomalous fading in K-feldspars and the measurement and correction for it in optical dating. Can. Jour. Earth Sci., v.38, pp.1093-1106.
- JAIN, A. K., THAKUR, V. C. and TONDON, S. K. (1974) Stratigraphy and structure of the Siang District, Arunachal (NEFA) Himalaya. Himalayan Geol., v.4, pp.28-60.
- JAIN, M. and SINGHVI, A.K. (2001) Limits to depletion of bluegreen light stimulated luminescence in feldspars: Implications for quartz dating. Radiation Measurement, v.33, pp.883-892.
- JAISWAL, M.K., SRIVASTAVA, P., TRIPATHI, J.K. and ISLAM, R. (2008) Feasibility of the SAR technique on Quartz sand of terraces of NW Himalaya: a case study from Devprayag. Geochronometria, v.31, pp.45-52.
- JUYAL, N., SUNDRIYAL, Y.P., RANA, N., CHAUDHARY, S. and SINGHVI, A.K. (2010) Late Quaternary fluvial aggradation and in the incision in the monsoon dominated Alaknanda valley, Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. Jour. Quaternary Sci., v.26, pp.1293-1304.
- LAMOTHE, M., AUCLAIR, M., HAMZAOUI, C., and HUOT, S. (2003) Towards a prediction of longterm anomalous fading of feldspar IRSL. Radiation Measurement, v.37, pp.493-498.
- MISRA, D.K. and SRIVASTAVA, P., (2009). River response to continuing movements along the active faults in the Siang Valley, North-Eastern Himalaya, India. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, v.53(4), pp.455-468.
- MORTHEKAI, P., JAIN, M., MURRAY, A.S., THOMSEN, K.J. and BØTTER-JENSEN, L. (2008) Fading characteristics of martian analogue materials and the applicability of a correction procedure. Radiation Measurement, v.43, pp.672-678.
- MURRAY, A.S. and WINTLE, A.G. (2000) Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single aliquot re.generative-dose protocol. Radiation Measurement, v.32, pp.57-73.
- NANDY, D.R. (1973) Geology and structural lineaments of the Lohit Himalaya (Arunachal Pradesh) and adjoining area. In: H.K. Gupta (Ed.), Seminar on Geodynamics of the Himalayan Region, NGRI, Hyderabad, pp.167-172.
- OLLEY, J.M., CAITCHEON, G. and MURRAY, A. (1998). The distribution of apparent dose as determined by optically stimulated luminescence in small aliquots of fluvial quartz: implications for dating young sediments. Quaternary Sci. Rev., v.17, pp.1033-1040.
- PHARTIYAL, B., SHARMA, A., SRIVASTAVA, P. and RAY, Y. (2009). Chronology of relict lake deposits in the Spiti River, NW Trans Himalaya: Implications to Late Pleistocene-Holocene climate-tectonic perturbations. Geomorphology, v.108, pp. 264-272.
- PRELL, W.L. and KUTZBACH, J.E. (1987) Monsoon variability over the past 150,000 years. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.92, pp.8411– 8425.
- PREUSSER, F., CHITHAMBO, M.L., GÖTTE, T., MARTINI, M., RAMSEYER, K., SENDEZERA, E. J., SUSINO, G.J. and WINTLE, A.G. (2009) Quartz as a natural luminescence dosimeter. Earth Sci. Rev., v.97, pp.184-214.
- RAY, Y., and SRIVASTAVA, P. (2010) Widespread aggradation in the mountainous catchment of the Alaknanda-Ganga River System: timescales and implications to Hinterland-foreland relationships. Quaternary Sci. Rev., v.29, pp.2238-2260.
- SINGH, S. (1993) Geology and tectonics of the Eastern Syntaxial Bend, Arunachal Himalaya. Jour. Himalayan Geol., v.4(2), pp.149-163.
- SINHA, S., SURESH, N., KUMAR, R., DUTTA, S. and ARORA, B.R. (2010) Sedimentologic and geomorphic studies on the Quaternary alluvial fan and terrace deposits along the Ganga exit. Quaternary Internat., v.227, pp.87-113.
- SRIVASTAVA, P., BROOK, G.A., MARAIS, E., MORTHEKAI, P. and SINGHVI, A.K. (2006) Depositional environment and OSL chronology of the Homeb silt deposits, Kuiseb River, Namibia. Quaternary Res., v.65, pp.478-491.
- SRIVASTAVA, P., TRIPATHI, J.K., ISLAM, R. and JAISWAL, M.K. (2008) Fashion and phases of Late Pleistocene aggradation and incision in Alaknanda River, western Himalaya, India. Quaternary Res., v.70, pp.68-80.
- SRIVASTAVA, P., BHAKUNI, S.S., LUIREI, K. and MISRA, D.K. (2009) Fluvial records from the Brahmaputra River exit, NE Himalaya: climate-tectonic interplay during Late Pleistocene-Holocene. Jour. Quaternary Sci., v.24, pp.175-188.
- SRIVASTAVA, P., MISRA, D.K., AGARWAL, K.K., BHAKUNI, S.S. and LUIREI, K. (2009) Late Quaternary Evolution of Ziro intermontane Lake basin, NE Himalaya, India. Himalayan Geol., v.30, pp. 175-185.
- SRIVASTAVA, P and MISRA, D.K. (2008) Morpho-sedimentary records of active tectonics at the Kameng river exit, NE Himalaya. Geomorphology, v.96, pp. 187-198.
- THAKUR, V.C. and JAIN, A.K. (1975) Some observations of deformation and metamorphism in the rocks of some parts of Mishmi Hills, Lohit district, (NEFA), Arunachal Pradesh. Himalayan Geol., v.5, pp.339-364.
- THOMSEN, K.J., MURRAY, A.S., JAIN, M., and BØTTER-JENSEN, L. (2008) Laboratory fading rates of various luminescence signals from feldspar-rich sediment extracts. Radiation Measurement, v.43, pp.1474-1486.
- VERMA, P.K. and TANDON, S.K. (1976) Geologic observations in a part of the Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh (NEFA). Himalayan Geol., v.6, pp.257-287.
- WALLINGA, J. (2002) Optically stimulated luminescence dating of fluvial deposits: a review. Boreas, v.31, pp.303-322.
- WALLINGA, J., BOS, A.J.J., DORENBOS, P., MURRAY, A.S. and SCHOKKER, J. (2007) A test case for anomalous fading correction in IRSL dating. Quaternary Geochronology, v.2, pp.216-221.
- Rapid Lake Level Fall in Pangong Tso (lake) in Ladakh, NW Himalaya: A Response of Late Holocene Aridity
Abstract Views :247 |
PDF Views:85
Authors
Pradeep Srivastava
1,
Anil Kumar
1,
Randheer Singh
2,
Oshin Deepak
3,
Arjit M. Kumar
3,
Yogesh Ray
4,
R. Jayangondaperumal
1,
Binita Phartiyal
2,
Poonam Chahal
1,
Pankaj Sharma
1,
Rupa Ghosh
1,
Naresh Kumar
5,
Rajesh Agnihotri
2
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248 001, IN
2 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, IN
3 Department of Geology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 007, IN
4 National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Goa 403 802, IN
5 Department of Geology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar 249 161, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248 001, IN
2 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, IN
3 Department of Geology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 007, IN
4 National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Goa 403 802, IN
5 Department of Geology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar 249 161, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 219-231Abstract
Pangong Tso is a brackish water lake that lies along Pangong strand of the Karakoram strike–slip fault in arid Trans Himalayan region. The geomorphic mapping along the periphery of the lake suggested the presence of four palaeolake level strands located at 6, 4.8, 3.8 and 1.25 m above the present lake level. The gullied periphery expose relict deltaic sediments where sedimentological study enabled us to identify four deltaic lobes that make a classic Gilbert-type delta with well-developed top-set, fore-set and bottom-set. The top-set of the stratigraphically oldest delta lobe that corresponds to the highest lake level shows the presence of freshwater molluscs identified as Radix and a burnt sediment layer (hearth). The charcoal derived from this layer yielded 14C date as 1.7 ka BP and six luminescence ages from different delta lobes suggested that delta evolution and lake level fall of ~6 m took place between ~2–1 ka. Review of palaeoclimate record available from NW Himalaya and Pangong Tso suggests that late Holocene aridity might be responsible for this rapid lake level fall. Sclerochronological analysis carried out on 54 subsamples from three Radix specimens suggested that the modern type of seasonal conditions may have prevailed at ~1.7 ka BP.Keywords
Ladakh Himalaya, Lake-Delta, Late Holocene Aridity, Pangong Tso, Sclerochronological Analysis.References
- Cohen, A. S., Paleolimnology: the History and Evolution of Lake Systems, Oxford University Press, 2003.
- Coulthard, T. J., Lewin, J. and Macklin, M. G., Modelling differential catchment response to environmental change. Geomorphology, 2005, 69(1–4), 222–241.
- Dietze, E. et al., Basin morphology and seismic stratigraphy of Lake DonggiCona, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Quaternary Int., 2010, 218(1–2), 31–142.
- Zhang, Y., Wünnemann, B., Bezrukova, E. V., Ivanov, E. V., Shchetnikov, A. A., Nourgaliev, D. and Levina, O. V., Basin morphology and seismic stratigraphy of Lake Kotokel, Baikal region, Russia. Quaternary Int., 2013, 290, 57–67.
- Ghimire, S. and Higaki, D., Dynamic river morphology due to land use change and erosion mitigation measures in a degrading catchment in the Siwalik Hills, Nepal. Int. J. River Basin Manage., 2015, 13(1), 27–39.
- Ma, R. et al., China’s lakes at present: number, area and spatial distribution. Sci. China Earth Sci., 2011, 54(2), 283–289.
- Negi, S. S., Cold Deserts of India, Indus Publishing, New Delhi, 2002, 2nd edn, p. 248.
- Bhat, F. A., Yousuf, A. R., Aftab, A., Arshid, J., Mahdi, M. D. and Balkhi, M. H., Ecology and Biodiversity in Pangong Tso (lake) and Its Inlet Stream in Ladakh, India. Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv., 2011, 3, 501–511.
- Chang, W. Y., Large lakes of China. J. Great Lakes Res., 1987, 13(3), 235–249.
- Boominathan, M. and Ramachandra, T. V., Molluscs of Pangong Tso, a high altitude brackish water lake in Ladakh, 2010.
- Klimes, L., Life-forms and clonality of vascular plants along an altitudinal gradient in E Ladakh (NW Himalayas). Basic Appl. Ecol., 2003, 4(4), 317–328.
- Bookhagen, B., Thiede, R. C. and Strecker, M. R., Late Quaternary intensified monsoon phases control landscape evolution in the northwest Himalaya. Geology, 2005, 33(2), 149–152.
- Weiers, S., ZurKlimatologie des NW Karakoram und AngrenzenderGebiete. Bonner Geogr. Abh., Bonn, Germany, 1994, p. 169.
- Staubwasser, M. and Weiss, H., Holocene climate and cultural evolution in late prehistoric–early historic West Asia. Quaternary Res., 2006, 66(3), 372–387.
- Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Environment and social management framework for Participatory Watershed Management Project (PWMP) J&K, IWDP-Hills II, 2007, Annex, p. 130.
- Hartmann, H., Zur Flora und Vegetation der Halbwüsten, Steppen und RasengesellschaftenimsüdöstlichenLadakh (Indien). Jahrbuch des VereinszumSchutz der Bergwelt, 1997, 62, 129–188.
- Hartmann, H., Studienzur Flora und Vegetation imöstlichenTranshimalaya von Ladakh (Indien). Candollea, 1999, 54, 171–230.
- Pant, R. K., Phadtare, N. R., Chamyal, L. S. and Juyal, N., Quaternary deposits in Ladakh and Karakoram Himalaya: a treasure trove of the palaeoclimate records. Curr. Sci., 2005, 88(11), 1789–1798.
- Trinkler, E., The ice-age on the Tibetan Plateau and in the adjacent regions. Geographical J., 1930, 75(3), 225–232.
- Srikantia, S. V., Ganesan, T. M. and Wangdus, C., A note on the tectonic framework and geologic set-up of the Pangong–Chushul sector, Ladakh Himalaya. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1982, 23(7), 354–357.
- Jain, A. K. and Singh, S., Tectonics of the southern Asian Plate margin along the Karakoram Shear Zone: constraints from field observations and U–Pb SHRIMP ages. Tectonophysics, 2008, 451(1–4), 186–205.
- Srivastava, P., Brook, G. A., Marais, E., Morthekai, P. and Singhvi, A. K., Depositional environment and OSL chronology of the Homeb silt deposits, Kuiseb River, Namibia. Quaternary Res., 2006, 65(3), 478–491.
- Srivastava, P., Tripathi, J. K., Islam, R. and Jaiswal, M. K., Fashion and phases of late Pleistocene aggradation and incision in the Alaknanda River Valley, western Himalaya, India. Quaternary Res., 2008, 70(1), 68–80.
- Murray, A. S. and Wintle, A. G., Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiat. Measur., 2000, 32(1), 57–73.
- Aitken, M. J., Introduction to optical dating: the dating of Quaternary sediments by the use of photon-stimulated luminescence, Clarendon Press, 1998.
- Prescott, J. R. and Stephan, L. G., The contribution of cosmic radiation to the environmental dose for thermoluminescence dating. Latitude, altitude and depth dependences. PACT, 1982, 6, 17–25.
- Gupta, S. K. and Polach, H. A., Radiocarbon Dating Practices at ANU, 1985.
- Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J., Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon, 1993, 35(1), 215–230.
- Anderson, R., An annotated list of the non-marine Mollusca of Britain and Ireland. J. Conchol., 2005, 38(6), 607–638.
- Hutchinson, G. E., Limnological studies in Indian Tibet. Int. Hydrobiol., 1937, 35, 134–177.
- Brown, E. T., Bendick, R., Bourles, D. L., Gaur, V., Molnar, P., Raisbeck, G. M. and Yiou, F., Early Holocene climate recorded in geomorphological features in Western Tibet. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2003, 199(1–2), 141–151.
- Ou, Y. X. and Liu, D. S., Hydrologic characteristics of the east Bangong Lake. In Geological and Ecological Studies of QinghaiXizang Plateau. Proceedings of Symposium on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, Beijing, China, Science Press and Gordon and Breach, Beijing, 1981, pp. 1713–1717.
- Drew, F., Alluvial and lacustrine deposits and glacial records of the Upper-Indus Basin. Quarterly J. Geol. Soc., 1873, 29(1–2), 441–471.
- Fontes, J. C., Gasse, F. and Gibert, E., Holocene environmental changes in Lake Bangong basin (Western Tibet). Part 1: chronology and stable isotopes of carbonates of a Holocene lacustrine core. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 1996, 120(1–2), 25– 47.
- Huang, C. X., A preliminary study of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the later period of late Pleistocene in Bangongcuo Lake region of Xizang. J. Nat. Res., 1989, 4, 247–253.
- Shi, Y., Yu, G., Liu, X., Li, B. and Yao, T., Reconstruction of the 30–40 ka BP enhanced Indian monsoon climate based on geological records from the Tibetan Plateau. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2001, 169(1–2), 69–83.
- Nemec, W., Aspects of sediment movement on steep delta slopes. In Coarse-Grained Deltas, 1990, vol. 10, pp. 29–73.
- Bristow, C. S., Holmes, J. A., Mattey, D., Salzmann, U. and Sloane, H. J., A late Holocene palaeoenvironmental ‘snapshot’ of the Angamma Delta, Lake Megachad at the end of the African Humid Period. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2018, 202, 182–196.
- Mordan, P. and Wade, C., Heterobranchia-II. Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca, 2008, p. 409.
- Röpstorf, P. and Riedel, F., Deep-water gastropods endemic to Lake Baikal – an SEM study on protoconchs and radulae. J. Conchol., 2004, 38, 253.
- Taft, L., Wiechert, U., Riedel, F., Weynell, M. and Zhang, H., Sub-seasonal oxygen and carbon isotope variations in shells of modern Radix sp. (Gastropoda) from the Tibetan Plateau: potential of a new archive for palaeoclimatic studies. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2012, 34, 44–56.
- Gaten, E., Life cycle of Lymnaeaperegra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in the Leicester canal, UK, with an estimate of annual production. Hydrobiologia, 1986, 135(1–2), 45–54.
- Huntington, E., Pangong: a glacial lake in the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geol., 1906, 14(7), 599–617.
- Philip, G. and Mazari, R. K., Shrinking lake basins in the proximity of the Indus Suture Zone of northwestern Himalaya: a case study of Tso Kar and Startsapuk Tso, using 1RS-1C data. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2000, 21, 2973–2984.
- Sangode, S. J., Meshram, D. C., Rawat, S., Suresh, N. and Srivastava, P., Sedimentary and geomorphic observations along Pangong strand of the Karakorum Fault (NW Himalaya) depicting Holocene Uplift. Himalayan Geol., 2017, 38(2), 111–128.
- Walker, M. J. et al., Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch: a discussion paper by a working group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice–core, marine and terrestrial records) and the subcommission on quaternary stratigraphy (International Commission on Stratigraphy). J. Quaternary Sci., 2012, 27(7), 649–659.
- Rawat, S., Gupta, A. K., Sangode, S. J., Srivastava, P. and Nainwal, H. C., Late Pleistocene–Holocene vegetation and Indian summer monsoon record from the Lahaul, northwest Himalaya, India. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2015, 114, 167–181.
- Owen, L. A., Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Himalaya and Tibet. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2009, 28(21–22), 2150–2164.
- Mehta, M., Majeed, Z., Dobhal, D. P. and Srivastava, P., Geomorphological evidences of post-LGM glacial advancements in the Himalaya: a study from Chorabari Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2012, 121(1), 149–163.
- Mehta, M., Dobhal, D. P., Pratap, B., Majeed, Z., Gupta, A. K. and Srivastava, P., Late quaternary glacial advances in the tons river valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India and regional synchronicity. The Holocene, 2014, 24(10), 1336–1350.
- Shukla, T., Mehta, M., Jaiswal, M. K., Srivastava, P., Dobhal, D. P., Nainwal, H. C. and Singh, A. K., Late Quaternary glaciation history of monsoon-dominated Dingad basin, central Himalaya, India. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2018, 181, 43–64.
- Kumar, A., Srivastava, P. and Meena, N. K., Late Pleistocene aeolian activity in the cold desert of Ladakh: a record from sand ramps. Quaternary Int., 2017, 443, 13–28.
- Srivastava, P. et al., Paleofloods records in Himalaya. Geomorphology, 2017, 284, 17–30.
- Demske, D., Tarasov, P. E., Wünnemann, B. and Riedel, F., Late glacial and Holocene vegetation, Indian monsoon and westerly circulation in the Trans-Himalaya recorded in the lacustrine pollen sequence from Tso Kar, Ladakh, NW India. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2009, 279(3), 172–185.
- Leipe, C., Demske, D., Tarasov, P. E., Wünnemann, B., Riedel, F. and Members, H. P., Potential of pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records from TsoMoriri (Trans-Himalaya, NW India) for reconstructing Holocene limnology and human–environmental interactions. Quaternary Int., 2014, 348, 113–129.
- Mishra, P. K. et al., Carbonate isotopes from high altitude TsoMoriri Lake (NW Himalayas) provide clues to late glacial and Holocene moisture source and atmospheric circulation changes. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2015, 425, 76–83.
- Wünnemann, B. et al., Hydrological evolution during the last 15 kyr in the Tso Kar lake basin (Ladakh, India), derived from geomorphological, sedimentological and palynological records. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2010, 29(9–10), 1138–1155.
- Phartiyal, B., Singh, R. and Kothyari, G. C., Late-quaternary geomorphic scenario due to changing depositional regimes in the Tangtse Valley, Trans-Himalaya, NW India. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2015, 422, 11–24.
- Dortch, J. M., Owen, L. A., Caffee, M. W. and Kamp, U., Catastrophic partial drainage of Pangong Tso, northern India and Tibet. Geomorphology, 2011, 125(1), 109–121.
- Hou, J., D’Andrea, W. J., Wang, M., He, Y. and Liang, J., Influence of the Indian monsoon and the subtropical jet on climate change on the Tibetan Plateau since the late Pleistocene. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2017, 163, 84–94.
- Mishra, P. K. et al., Reconstructed late quaternary hydrological changes from Lake TsoMoriri, NW Himalaya. Quaternary Int., 2015, 371, 76–86.
- Dutt, S., Gupta, A. K., Wünnemann, B. and Yan, D., A long arid interlude in the Indian summer monsoon during? 4350 to 3450 cal. yr BP contemporaneous to displacement of the Indus valley civilization. Quaternary Int., 2018, 482, 83–92.
- Chakraborty, S., Bhattacharya, S. K., Ranhotra, P. S., Bhattacharyya, A. and Bhushan, R., Palaeoclimatic scenario during Holocene around Sangla valley, Kinnaur northwest Himalaya based on multi proxy records. Curr. Sci., 2006, 91(6), 777–782.
- Yadav, R. R., Gupta, A. K., Kotlia, B. S., Singh, V., Misra, K. G., Yadava, A. K. and Singh, A. K., Recent wetting and glacier expansion in the northwest Himalaya and Karakoram. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 6139.
- Why are the Builders and Operators of Dams and Hydels in The Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya so Poorly Prepared for Hydroclimatic Hazards?
Abstract Views :190 |
PDF Views:88
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, AU
3 Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, AU
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, AU
3 Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 12 (2021), Pagination: 1549-1552Abstract
The large and apparently increasing magnitude of losses of lives and property due to hydroclimatic hazards in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya (HKH), exemplified by the recent February, 2021 Rishiganga and 2013 Kedarnath floods, shows that risk assessment and planning are inadequate. In the Anthropocene, where climate change is a real and present danger, the frequency of such events is likely to increase along with the damage. Based on our present understanding of the hydroclimatic risks in the HKH, we appeal for a more comprehensive plan for improving our understanding and monitoring. The scheme suggests expansion of mapping and assessment of the factors that contribute to risk. Further development of the archives of extreme events as one of the basis for risk assessment, developing real time monitoring of hazard elements such as the potential for lake outbursts and landslides is essential. Artificial intelligence (AI) should be employed to provide early warning. In India a taskforce of the earth scientists, hydrologists, historians and engineers (civil and AI) should be established to chart a course for the creation of this understanding and monitoring. Similar action may be taken up in other HKH countries.Keywords
Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya, Hydroclimatic Hazards, Risk Assessment, Monitoring.References
- Sain, K. et al. A Perspective on Rishiganga–Dhauliganga flash flood in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Garhwal Himalaya, India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2021, 97, 335–338.
- Rana, N. et al., A preliminary assessment of the 7 February 2021 flash flood in lower Dhauli Ganga valley, Central Himalaya, India. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2021, 130, 78.
- Bhambri, R., Mehta, M., Singh, S., Jayangondaperumal, R., Gupta, A. K. and Srivastava, P., Landslide inventory and damage assessment in the Bhagirathi Valley, Uttarakhand, during June 2013 flood. Himalayan Geol., 2017, 38(2), 193–205.
- Ballesteros-Cánovas, J. A., Allen, S. and Stoffel, M., The importance of robust baseline data on past flood events for regional risk assessment: a study case from the Indian Himalayas. Contributing paper to GAR 2019. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2019, p. 22; https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/66405 5. Vaidya, R. A. et al., Disaster risk reduction and increasing resilience.
- In The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment. Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People (eds Wester, P. et al.), Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 389–419; https://www.springer.com/in/book/9783319922874.
- Kumari, S. et al., Return period of extreme rainfall substantially decrease under 1.5°C and 2.0°C warming: a case study for Uttarakhand, India. Environ. Res. Lett., 2019, 14, 044033.
- Ali, H., Modi, P. and Mishra, V., Increased flood risk in Indian sub-continent under the warming climate. Weather Climate Extremes, 2019, 25, 100212.
- Jasanoff, S., Humility in the anthropocene. Globalizations, 2021, pp. 1–15.
- Sah, S. and Prasad, J., Flood frequency analysis of River Kosi, Uttarakhand, India using statistical approach. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 2015, 4(8), 312–315.
- Wasson, R. J., Flood forecasting under deep uncertainty and ambiguity: alternative approaches. Policy Soc., 2016, 35, 125–136.
- Nandargi, S., Gaur, A. and Mulye, S. S., Hydrological analysis of extreme rainfall events and severe rainstorms over Uttarakhand, India. Hydrol. Sci. J., 2016, 61(12), 2145–2163.
- Kumar, V. and Jahangeer, S., Statistical distribution of rainfall in Uttarakhand, India. Appl. Water Sci., 2017, 7, 4765–4776.
- Wasson, R. J., Sundriyal, Y. P., Chaudhary, S., Jaiswal, M., Morthekai, P., Sati, S. P. and Juyal, N. A., 1000-year history of floods in the Upper Ganga catchment, central Himalaya, India. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2013, 77, 156–166.
- Srivastava, P. et al., Paleofloods records in Himalaya. Geomorphology, 2017, 284, 17–30.
- Bhat, M. S., Ahmad, B., Alam, A., Farooq, H. and Ahmad, S., Flood hazard assessment of the Kashmir Valley using historical hydrology. J. Flood Risk Manage., 2019, 12(Suppl. 1), e12521.
- Taleb, N., The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, Penguin, London, UK, 2007.
- Sornette, D. and Ouillon, G., Dragon-kings: mechanisms, statistical methods and empirical evidence. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Topics, 2012, 205(1), 1–26.
- Shepherd, T. G. et al., Storylines: an alternative approach to representing uncertainty in physical aspects of climate change. Climatic Change, 2018, 151(3), 555–571.
- Kay, J. and King, M., Radical Uncertainty. Decision Making for an Unknowable Future, The Bridge Street Press, London, UK, 2020, p. 528.
- Zapata, M. A. and Kaza, N., Radical uncertainty: scenario planning for futures. Environ. Plann. B, 2015, 42(4), 754–770.
- Woo, G. and Johnson, N. F., Stochastic modeling of possible pasts to illuminate future risk. In Oxford Handbook of Complex Disaster Risks (eds Shultz, J., Reckhemmer, A. and Johnson, N. F.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2018.
- Clarke, L., Thinking possibilistically in a probabilistic world. Significance, 2007, 4(4), 190–192.
- Panda, S., Kumar, A., Das, S., Devrani, R., Rai, S., Prakash, K. and Srivastava, P., Chronology and sediment provenance of extreme floods of Siang River (Tsangpo–Brahmaputra River valley), northeast Himalaya. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 2020, 45(11), 2495–2511.
- Costa, J. E., Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash-flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1983, 94, 986–1004.
- Woo, G., Downward counterfactual search for extreme events. Front. Earth Sci., 2019, 7, 340; doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00340.
- Shukla, T. and Sen, I. S., Preparing for floods on the Third Pole. Science, 2021, 372(6539), 232–234.
- Rao, N. P., Rekapalli, R., Srinagesh, D., Tiwari, V. M., Hovius, N., Cook, K. L. and Dietze, M., Seismological rockslide warnings in the Himalaya. Science, 2021, 372(6539), 247.
- A need to integrate metagenomics and metabolomics in geosciences and develop the deep-time digital earth-biome database of India
Abstract Views :125 |
PDF Views:69
Authors
Pradeep Srivastava
1,
Prasanta Sanyal
2,
Sharmila Bhattacharya
3,
Praveen K. Mishra
4,
Suryendu Dutta
5,
Rajarshi Chakravarti
1,
Niraj Rai
6,
Naveen Navani
7,
Anoop Ambili
3,
K. P. Karanth
8,
Jahanavi Joshi
9,
Sushmita Singh
1,
Senthil Kumar Sadasivam
10
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741 246, India, IN
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali 140 306, India, IN
4 Department of Geology, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Jammu 180 001, India, IN
5 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India, IN
6 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India, IN
7 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
8 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN
9 CSIR Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India, IN
10 Geobiotechnology Laboratory/PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, India, IN
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741 246, India, IN
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali 140 306, India, IN
4 Department of Geology, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Jammu 180 001, India, IN
5 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India, IN
6 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India, IN
7 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
8 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN
9 CSIR Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India, IN
10 Geobiotechnology Laboratory/PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, India, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 26-37Abstract
This article presents applications of metagenomics and metabolomics in geosciences. It emphasizes the significance of biomolecular proxies in palaeoclimatology, the evolution of life, the genesis of hydrocarbons and the role of biological processes in metallogeny. Several examples of breakthroughs with respect using these methods in earth sciences exist, such as the estimating resilience time of landscapes against invasive species. It is unfortunate that scientific programmes using bioproxies have not yet taken root in Indian institutions. Now is the appropriate time to delineate the critical role of biology in geology and establish it as a thrust area of research in India. A molecular geobiology programme would deal with the understanding of varied issues such as microbial heat production and its role in soil processes, the role of biology in mineralization, the use of biomarkers (metabolites) and ancient DNA studies in understanding feedbacks in climate change, evolution of life, etc. This article focuses on the use of metagenomics and metabolomics in palaeo-sciences and the potential intellectual dividends they could provideReferences
- Ficetola, G. F. et al., DNA from lake sediments reveals long-term ecosystem changes after a biological invasion. Sci. Adv., 2018, 4(5), 4292.
- National Research Council, Landscapes on the Edge: New Hori-zons for Research on Earth’s Surface, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2010.
- Corenblit, D. et al., Feedbacks between geomorphology and biota controlling Earth surface processes and landforms: a review of foun-dation concepts and current understandings. Earth-Sci. Rev., 2011, 106(3–4), 307–331.
- Eglinton, T. I. and Eglinton, G., Molecular proxies for paleoclima-tology. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2008, 275, 1–16.
- Cooper, A. et al., Abrupt warming events drove Late Pleistocene Holarctic megafaunal turnover. Science, 2015, 349(6248), 602– 606.
- Singh, B. K. et al., Microorganisms and climate change: terrestrial feedbacks and mitigation options. Nature Rev. Microbiol., 2010, 8(11), 779–790.
- Rawlence, N. J. et al., Using palaeoenvironmental DNA to recon-struct past environments: progress and prospects. J. Quarter. Sci., 2014, 29(7), 610–626.
- Wang, M. et al., A universal molecular clock of protein folds and its power in tracing the early history of aerobic metabolism and planet oxygenation. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2011, 28(1), 567–582.
- Singhvi, A. K. and Kale, V. S., Paleoclimate Studies in India: Last Ice Age to the Present, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 2010.
- Barker, C., Organic geochemistry as a geologic tool. AAPG Bull., 1981, 65(5), 894.
- Reed, W. E., Molecular compositions of weathered petroleum and comparison with its possible source. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1977, 41(2), 237–247.
- Seifert, W. K. and Moldowan, J. M., Applications of steranes, ter-panes and monoaromatics to the maturation, migration and source of crude oils. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1978, 42(1), 77–95.
- Seifert, W. K. and Moldowan, J. M., Paleoreconstruction by biological markers. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1981, 45, 783– 794.
- Schopf, J. W., New evidence of the antiquity of life. Origin. Life Evol. Biosphere, 1994, 24(2), 263–282.
- Brocks, J. J. et al., Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes. Science, 1999, 285(5430), 1033–1036.
- Knoll, A. H., A new molecular window on early life. Science, 1999, 285(5430), 1025–1026.
- Smith, D. J. et al., Occurrence of long‐chain alkan‐diols and alkan‐15‐one‐1‐ols in a Quaternary sapropel from the Eastern Mediterranean. Lipids, 1983, 18(12), 902–905.
- Meyers, P. A. and Benson, L. V., Sedimentary biomarker and iso-topic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada. Org. Geochem., 1988, 13(4–6), 807–813.
- Siebenthal, C. E., Origin of the lead and zinc deposits of the Joplin region. US Geol. Surv. Bull., 1915, 606, 283.
- Berger, W., The geochemical role of organisms. Mineral. Petrol. Mitteilung, 1950, 2, 136–140.
- Barton, P. B., Possible role of organic matter in the precipitation of the Mississippi Valley ores. Econ. Geol. Monogr., 1967, 3, 371–378.
- Skinner, B. J., Precipitation of Mississippi Valley-type ores: a pos-sible mechanism. Econ. Geol. Monogr., 1967, 3, 363–370.
- Haering, T. C., Organic geochemistry of Precambrian rocks. In Researches in Geochemistry (ed. Abelson, P. H.), Wiley, New York, USA, 1967, vol. 2, pp. 287–111.
- Shucheng, X. et al., Biomarkers in fluid inclusions of polymetallic deposit of Qixiashan, Nanjing. Chin. Sci. Bull., 1967, 42(14), 1206–1209.
- Spangenberg, J. E. and Frimmel, H. E., Basin-internal derivation of hydrocarbons in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: evidence from bulk and molecular δ 13 C data. Chem. Geol., 2001, 173(4), 339–355.
- Frimmel, H. E. and Hennigh, Q., First whiffs of atmospheric oxygen triggered onset of crustal gold cycle. Miner. Deposita, 2015, 50, 5–23.
- Johnston, C. W. et al., Gold biomineralization by a metallophore from a gold-associated microbe. Nature Chem. Biol., 2013, 9, 241.
- Reith, F. et al., Geogenic factors as drivers of microbial community diversity in soils overlying polymetallic deposits. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2015, 81, 7822–7832.
- Bissett, A. et al., Introducing BASE – the Biomes of Australian soil environments soil microbial diversity database. GigaScience, 2016, 5, 10–21.
- Sanyal, S. S., Shuster, J. and Reith, F., Cycling of biogenic ele-ments drives biogeochemical gold cycling. Earth Sci. Rev., 2019, 190, 131–147.
- Herazo, A. et al., Assessing the role of bitumen in the formation of stratabound Cu-(Ag) deposits: insights from the Lorena deposit, Las Luces district, northern Chile. Ore Geol. Rev., 2020, 124, 103639.
- Poetz, S. et al., Assessing the role of bitumen in the formation of stratabound Cu–(Ag) deposits: insights from the Lorena deposit, Las Luces district, northern Chile. Org. Geochem., 2022, 169, 104421.
- Higuchi, R. et al., DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family. Nature, 1984, 312, 282–284.
- Nielsen-Marsh, C., Biomolecules in fossil remains: multidiscipli-nary approach to endurance. Biochemist, 2002, 24, 12–14.
- Pääbo, S., Ancient DNA: extraction, characterization, molecular cloning, and enzymatic amplification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989, 86(6), 1939–1943.
- Pääbo, S. et al., Mitochondrial DNA sequences from a 7000-year old brain. Nucleic Acids Res., 1988, 16(20), 9775–9787.
- Green, R. E. et al., A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome. Science, 2010, 328, 710–722.
- Donoghue, H. D., Insights gained from ancient biomolecules into past and present tuberculosis – a personal perspective. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2017, 56, 176–180.
- Orlando, L. et al., Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse. Nature, 2013, 499, 74–78.
- Parducci, L. et al., Ancient plant DNA in lake sediments. New Phytol., 2017, 214(3), 24–42.
- Orlando, L. et al., Ancient DNA analysis. Nature Rev. Methods Primers, 2021, 1(1), 1–26.
- Goodwin, S. et al., Coming of age: ten years of next-generation sequencing technologies. Nature Rev. Genet., 2016, 17, 333–351.
- Willerslev, E. et al., Fifty thousand years of Arctic vegetation and megafaunal diet. Nature, 2014, 506, 47–51.
- Thomas, S. P. et al., Legacy of a Pleistocene bacterial community: patterns in community dynamics through changing ecosystems. Geomicrobiol. J., 2019, 35(9), 798–803.
- Capo, E. et al., Lake sedimentary DNA research on past terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity: overview and recommendations. Quater-nary, 2021, 4(1), 6.
- Walker, J. J. and Pace, N. R., Endolithic microbial ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 2007, 61, 331–347.
- Pei, R. et al., Effect of river landscape on the sediment concentra-tions of antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Water Res., 2006, 40(12), 2427–2435.
- D’Costa, V. M. et al., Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature, 2011, 477(7365), 457–461.
- Li, H. et al., Responses of soil microbial functional genes to global changes are indirectly influenced by aboveground plant biomass variation. Soil Biol. Biochem., 2017, 104, 18–29.
- Dutta, S. et al., Biomarker signatures from Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian oil, western India. Org. Geochem., 2013, 56, 68–80.
- Bhattacharya, S. and Dutta, S., Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian biota and ancient niche: a synthesis from molecular markers and palynomorphs from Bikaner–Nagaur Basin, western India. Pre-cambrian Res., 2015, 266, 361–374.
- Bhattacharya, S. et al., A distinctive biomarker assemblage in an Infracambrian oil and source rock from western India: molecular signatures of eukaryotic sterols and prokaryotic carotenoids. Pre-cambrian Res., 2017, 290, 101–112.
- Bhattacharya, S. et al., Biotic response to environmental shift dur-ing the late Permian–Early Triassic transition: assessment from organic geochemical proxies and palynomorphs in terrestrial sediments from Raniganj Sub-basin, India. Palaeogeogr., Palaeo-climatol., Palaeoecol., 2021, 576, 110483.
- Mallick, M. et al., Pyrolytic and spectroscopic studies of Eocene resin from Vastan lignite mine, Cambay Basin, western India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2009, 74, 16–22.
- Dutta, S. et al., Petrology, palynology and organic geochemistry of Eocene lignite of Matanomadh, Kutch Basin, western India: impli-cations to depositional environment and hydrocarbon source po-tential. Int. J. Coal Geol., 2011, 81, 91–102.
- Mathews, R. P. et al., Palynology, palaeoecology and palaeodepo-sitional environment of Eocene lignites and associated sediments from Matanomadh Mine, Kutch Basin, Western India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2013, 82, 236–248.
- Paul, S. and Dutta, S., Biomarker signatures of Early Cretaceous coal-bearing sediments of Kutch Basin, western India. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108, 211–217.
- Venkatachala, B. S. et al., Archaean microbiota from the Donimalai formation, Dharwar supergroup, India. Precambr. Res., 1990, 47(1–2), 27–34.
- Das Sharma, S. and Srinivasan, R., Stable isotope evidence for ca. 2.7-Ga-old Archean cap carbonates from the Dharwar Supergroup, southern India. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108(12), 2223–2229.
- Umamaheswaran, R. et al., Biomarker signatures in Triassic cop-rolites. Palaios, 2019, 34, 458–467.
- Dutta, S. et al., Chemical evidence of preserved collagen in 54-million-year-old fish vertebrae. Palaeontology, 2020, 63, 195–202.
- Dhiman, H. et al., Discovery of proteinaceous moieties in Late Cretaceous dinosaur eggshells. Palaeontology, 2021, 64(5), 585–595.
- Dutta, S. et al., Remarkable preservation of terpenoids and record of volatile signalling in plant-animal interactions from Miocene amber. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7, 1–6.
- Bhattacharya, S. et al., Amber embalms essential oils: a rare preservation of monoterpenoids in fossil resins from eastern Hima-laya. Palaios, 2018, 33, 218–227.
- Zheng, D. et al., A Late Cretaceous amber biota from central My-anmar. Nature Commun., 2018, 9, 3170.
- Paul, S. et al., Preservation of monoterpenoids in Oligocene resin: insights into the evolution of chemical defence mechanism of plants in deep-time. Int. J. Coal Geol., 2020, 217, 103326.
- Singh, S. et al., A holistic approach on the gold metallogeny of the Singhbhum crustal province: implications from tectono-meta-morphic events during the Archean–Proterozoic regime. Precambr. Res., 2021, 365, 106376.
- Kaur, H. et al., Marine microbe as nano-factories for copper bio-mineralization. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., 2015, 20, 51–57.
- Sarkar, S. et al., Spatial heterogeneity in lipid biomarker distribu-tions in the catchment and sediments of a crater lake in central India. Org. Geochem., 2014, 66, 125–136.
- Basu, S. et al., Response of grassland ecosystem to monsoonal precipitation variability during the Mid–Late Holocene: inferences based on molecular isotopic records from Banni grassland, western India. PLoS ONE, 2019, 14, 1–24.
- Ghosh, S. et al., Early Holocene Indian summer monsoon and its impact on vegetation in the Central Himalaya: insight from δD and δ 13 C values of leaf wax lipid. Holocene, 2020, 30, 1063– 1074.
- Ankit, Y. et al., Long-term natural and anthropogenic forcing on aquatic system – evidence based on biogeochemical and pollen proxies from lake sediments in Kashmir Himalaya, India. Appl. Geochem., 2021, 131, 105046.
- Ankit, Y. et al., Apportioning sedimentary organic matter sources and its degradation state: inferences based on aliphatic hydrocar-bons, amino acids and δ 15 N. Environ. Res., 2022, 205, 112409.
- Bhattacharya, S. et al., Vegetation history in a peat succession over the past 8000 years in the ISM-controlled Kedarnath region, Garhwal Himalaya: reconstruction using molecular fossils. Front. Earth Sci., 2021, 9, 703362.
- Misra, S. et al., Vegetational responses to monsoon variability during Late Holocene: Inferences based on carbon isotope and pol-len record from the sedimentary sequence in Dzukou valley, NE India. Catena, 2020, 194, 104697.
- Basu, S., Ghosh, S. and Sanyal, P., Spatial heterogeneity in the relationship between precipitation and carbon isotopic discrimina-tion in C3 plants: inferences from a global compilation. Global Planet. Change, 2019, 176, 123–131.
- Agrawal, S. et al., C4 plant expansion in the Ganga Plain during the last glacial cycle: insights from isotopic composition of vascu-lar plant biomarkers. Org. Geochem., 2014, 67, 58–71.
- Jha, D. K., Sanyal, P. and Philippe, A., Multi-proxy evidence of Late Quaternary climate and vegetational history of north-central India: implication for the Paleolithic to Neolithic phases. Quater-nary Sci. Rev., 2020, 229, 106121.
- Sarangi, V., Kumar, A. and Sanyal, P., Effect of pedogenesis on the stable isotopic composition of calcretes and n‐alkanes: impli-cations for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Sedimentology, 2019, 66(5), 1560–1579.
- Castañeda, I. S. and Schouten, S., A review of molecular organic proxies for examining modern and ancient lacustrine environ-ments. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2011, 30(21–22), 2851–2891.
- Basu, S. et al., Lipid distribution in the Lake Ennamangalam, South India: indicators of organic matter sources and paleoclimatic history. Quaternary Int., 2017, 443, 238–247.
- Roy, B. et al., Morpho-tectonic control on the distribution of C3–C4 plants in the central Himalayan Siwaliks during Late Plio-Pleisto-cene. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2020, 535, 116119.
- Roy, S., Ghosh, S. and Sanyal, P., Carbon reservoir perturbations induced by Deccan volcanism: stable isotope and biomolecular perspectives from shallow marine environment in eastern India. Geobiology, 2022, 20(1), 22–40.
- Roy, S. et al., Atmospheric CO2 estimates based on Gondwanan (Indian) pedogenic carbonates reveal positive linkage with Meso-zoic temperature variations. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Pal-aeoecol., 2021, 582, 110638.
- Roy, B. et al., Biomarker and carbon isotopic evidence of marine incursions in the Himalayan foreland basin during its overfilled stage. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 2020, 556, 109854.
- Ghosh, S., Sanyal, P. and Kumar, R., Evolution of C4 plants and controlling factors: insight from n-alkane isotopic values of NW Indian Siwalik paleosols. Org. Geochem., 2017, 110, 110–121.
- Roy, B. et al., Biomarker and carbon isotopic evidence of marine incursions in the Himalayan foreland basin during its overfilled stage. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol., 2021, 36(5), e2020PA004083.
- Roy, B. et al., The carbon isotopic composition of occluded carbon in phytoliths: a comparative study of phytolith extraction methods. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 2020, 281, 104280.
- Ghosh, S. et al., Substrate control of C4 plant abundance in the Himalayan foreland: a study based on inter-basinal records from Plio-Pleistocene Siwalik Group sediments. Palaeogeogr., Palaeo-climatol., Palaeoecol., 2018, 511, 341–351.
- Basu, S. et al., Variation in monsoonal rainfall sources (Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal) during the late Quaternary: implications for regional vegetation and fluvial systems. Palaeogeogr., Palaeo-climatol., Palaeoecol., 2018, 491, 77–91.
- Basu, S., Ghosh, S. and Sanyal, P., Spatial heterogeneity in the rela-tionship between precipitation and carbon isotopic discrimination in C3 plants: Inferences from a global compilation. Global Planet. Change, 2019, 176, 123–131.
- Roy, S. et al., Atmospheric CO2 estimates based on Gondwanan (In-dian) pedogenic carbonates reveal positive linkage with Mesozoic temperature variations. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2021, 582, 110638.
- Sarangi, V. et al., The disparity in the abundance of C4 plants estima-ted using the carbon isotopic composition of paleosol components. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2021, 561, 110068.
- Sarangi, V. et al., Effect of burning on the distribution pattern and isotopic composition of plant biomolecules: implications for paleoecological studies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2022, 318, 305–327.
- Jha, D. K. et al., The first evidence of controlled use of fire by prehistoric humans during the Middle Paleolithic phase from the Indian subcontinent. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2021, 562, 110151.
- Ghosh, A. et al., Culture independent molecular analysis of bacte-rial communities in the mangrove sediment of Sundarban, India. Saline Syst., 2010, 6(1), 1–11.
- Bulbul, M. et al., Characterization of sedimentary organic matter and depositional processes in the Mandovi estuary, western India: an integrated lipid biomarker, sedimentological and stable isotope approach. Appl. Geochem., 2021, 131, 105041.
- Ajay, K. et al., Distribution and characteristics of microplastics and phthalate esters from a fresh water lake system in central Himalayas. Chemosphere, 2021, 283, 131132.
- Neelavannan, K. et al., Microplastics in the high-altitude Himala-yas: assessment of microplastic contamination in freshwater lake sediments, Northwest Himalaya (India). Chemosphere, 2022, 290, 133354.
- Laskar, N. and Kumar, U., Plastics and microplastics: a threat to environment. Environ. Technol. Innov., 2019, 14, 100352.
- Vaid, M. et al., Microplastics as contaminants in Indian environ-ment: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2021, 28, 68025–68052.
- Shivaji, S. et al., Vertical distribution of bacteria in a lake sedi-ment from Antarctica by culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches. Res. Microbiol., 2011, 162(2), 191–203.
- Thomas, S. P. et al., Legacy of a Pleistocene bacterial community: patterns in community dynamics through changing ecosystems. Microbiol. Res., 2019, 226, 65–73.
- Jain S. et al., Ancient DNA reveals Late Pleistocene existence of os-triches in Indian sub-continent. PLoS ONE, 2017, 12(3), e0164823.
- Parvathi, A. et al., Dominance of Wolbachia sp. in the deep-sea sediment bacterial metataxonomic sequencing analysis in the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean. Genomics, 2020, 112(1), 1030–1041.
- Shinde, V. et al., An ancient Harappan genome lacks ancestry from steppe pastoralists or Iranian farmers. Cell, 2019, 179(3), 729–735.
- Pathak, A. K. et al., The genetic ancestry of modern Indus Valley populations from northwest India. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2018, 103(6), 918–929.
- Harney, É. et al., Ancient DNA from the skeletons of Roopkund Lake reveals Mediterranean migrants in India. Nature Commun., 2019, 10(1), 1–10.
- Pörtner, H.-O. (eds) et al., In Sixth Assessment Report of the In-tergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press (in press).
- Cavicchioli et al., Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change. Nature Rev. Microbiol., 2019, 17(9), 569– 586.
- Lewin, H. A. et al., Earth BioGenome project: sequencing life for the future of life. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2018, 115(17), 4325– 4333.
- Gilbert, J. A., Jansson, J. K. and Knight, R., The Earth Microbiome Project: successes and aspirations. BMC Biol., 2014, 12(1), 1–4.
- Dabney, J., Meyer, M. and Pääbo, S., Ancient DNA damage. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol., 2013, 5(7), a012567.
- Welker, F. et al., Enamel proteome shows that Gigantopithecus was an early diverging pongine. Nature, 2019, 576(7786), 262–265.