Informatics Publishing Limited

S. C. Rai , P. Sharma

Abstract

Conversion of land from forest to other usage is a threat to land-use sustenance and contributes negatively to climate change. Land-use/cover changes have caused a significant release of CO₂ to the atmosphere from the terrestrial biota and soils. Soil is a major source of atmospheric CO₂ , In the event of growing threats of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions , reducing CO₂ emission by sequestering C in the soil is of prime importance. Adoption of C sequestration measures in the soil can considerably reduce the rise in atmospheric CO₂ level. Practices such as improved crop productivity and conservation tillage may be warranted to mitigate their carbon sequestration benefits. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of measured rates of soil respiration from land-use/cover change to define the annual global CO₂ flux.

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Risha Jasmine Nathan ¹, P. Sharma ², Lily Saroj Nathan ³, C. Theju Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology,, IN
2 SSA(Chemistry) Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, New Delhi, IN
3 Zoology, Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, IN
4 Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Water is one of the many contaminated natural products which are consumed by humans. Contamination of drinking water with toxic metals like Lead and Copper has been studied by earlier researchers by different methods of sample preparation and analysis. Both lead and copper produce adverse health effects when taken by the body in excess.

In India, there are many refugee camps; the source of drinking water in these camps being natural ground water or tap water. Since assessment of drinking water at various places has been done earlier, we decided to assess drinking water supplied to Pakistani Hindu Refugees and Tibetan Refugees for toxic lead and copper levels.

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been used for quantitation of lead and copper. Standard addition method has been used for analysis. The recovery of spiked samples in case of lead (99.4%) and copper (98.4%) showed that the method is reliable for the determination of trace amounts of lead and copper in water samples. In Pakistani Hindu Refugee camp, lead concentration in tap and ground water was found to be 1.46 ± 0.0058 μg/l and 1.48 ± 0.0058 μg/l respectively, whereas, copper concentration was found to be 1.28 ± 0.0058 μg/l and 1.29 ± 0.0173 μg/l respectively. In Tibetan Refugee Camp, the tap water had lead and copper concentration as 0.61 ± 0.0100 μg/l and 0.63 ± 0.0252 μg/l respectively as determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Keywords

Toxic Metals, Lead, Copper, Drinking Water, Refugee Camps, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

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Risha Jasmine Nathan ¹, P. Sharma ², L. S. Nathan ³

Affiliations
1 Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology, IN
2 Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, IN
3 Zoology, Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, IN

Abstract

Metal toxicity in humans is a result of long term or high level exposure to toxic metals which enter the body through common media as air, water, and food. More recently, with the increase in regular use of numerous cosmetic products, which have been reported to contain heavy metals as contaminants, human bodies are being exposed to them on a daily basis. A number of dermal absorption studies have been conducted which satisfy the assumption that harmful chemicals get absorbed into the blood stream through skin.

Hair-dye powders are one of the most commonly used cosmetic products by all- young and old these days and are applied on a regular basis. If contaminated, direct application on hair and scalp can increase chances of absorption of toxic metals as lead and copper and can potentially add up to significant exposure levels as these have cumulative effect. This has drawn our attention to assess the levels of these metals in nine samples of common hair-dye powders available in markets of Delhi. The levels of these metals were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after a wet digestion method for sample preparation. Lead and Copper were detected in different concentrations in all the studied samples, the highest being 1.42 ± 0.0814 ppm and 0.75 ± 0.0693 ppm for lead and copper respectively.

Keywords

No keywords

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P. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 ESI Corporation, Government of India, IN

Abstract

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an important clinical entity with a mortality rate of about 5% and is notoriously chronic in adult population. Since it is a diagnosis of exclusion, it becomes very important for the clinicians to follow recent guidelines regarding the diagnosis, categorisation and treatment of this clinical entity, so as to reduce the morbidity and mortality. This article provides the insight into understanding the pathophysiological and management aspects of this clinical entity in the light of recent changes and advances that have taken place over the recent past. How to define and categorise ITP, how to search for the possible cause, which drug to use and when to use it, are a few of the issues, which have been addressed in this article.

Keywords

ITP, Autoantibodies, Corticosteroids, IV Ig, Anti-Rho (D) Anti-D Immunoglobulin, Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists.

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S. K. Gupta ¹, P. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN

Abstract

Radiocarbon dates of around 18 Kyr for palaeosols in Kashmir, indicative of warm-humid climate, have been an enigma as this period is regarded as the last glacial maximum (LGM) globally. In case of aeolian deposits such as loess in Kashmir, which can be assumed to have been exposed to solar radiation before deposition, thermoluminescence (TL) method is also being used for estimating the period since burial. Until a few years ago, when only limited number of measurements were available, it was believed that the dates of Kashmir palaeosols by the radiocarbon and TL methods were apparently not in agreement with each other.

In this note, we use all the available organic fraction radiocarbon and TL dates for the top two palaeosol horizons (S9 and S10) from Kashmir loess-palaeosol sections and show that the dates obtained by the two methods are concordant within the limits of uncertainties of the two methods.

Keywords

Radiocarbon Date, TL Date, Loess, Kashmir.

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Risha Jasmine Nathan ¹, P. Sharma ¹, Lily Saroj Nathan ²

Affiliations
1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology, New Delhi, IN
2 Ewing Christian College, University of Allahabad, IN

Abstract

Muscle relaxants are occasionally encountered in forensic toxicological cases for identification and quantitation. Due to unavailability of human samples, the analysis of the muscle relaxant vecuronium was done using post-mortem rat visceral samples. Rats were injected with bolus overdose of the drug and the post mortem samples were subject to ion-pair extraction with metanil yellow dye. Method for identification of the drug by LC-MS-MS was established first with secondary standard aqueous vecuronium solutions and then applied on the questioned samples. Quantitation was done to find the quantity of the drug in liver and kidney samples.

Keywords

Aminosteroid, Muscle Relaxant Vecuronium, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

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L. Chhaya ¹, P. Sharma ¹, G. Bhagwatikar ², A. Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering. University of Petroleum and Energy Studies. Dehradun – 248001, IN
2 Sany Group, Pune, IN

Abstract

The most essential requirement of empowerment is energy. Smart grid technology is a significant leap towards reliable and consistent electricity. Integration of information and communication technologies is a vital part of smart grid progress. Smart grid communication infrastructure is a hierarchical network integrating heterogeneous set of communication standards and technologies. Microgrid plays an important role as a strategic component of smart grid as it enables the use of renewable energy resources. It can resolve the issues like unelectrified villages, electricity theft, depletion of fossil fuels, Green House Gas (GHG) emissions and greenhouse effect. Smart microgrid can operate on both is land as well as grid connected mode. It also contains various hierarchical communication networks for monitoring and control of complete system. This paper describes an experimental investigation of wireless monitoring and control of smart microgrid prototype using IEEE 802.15.1 based low power Personal Area Network.

Keywords

Bluetooth, Communication, Energy Monitoring and Control, Home Automation, IEEE 802.15.1,, Microgrid, Renewable energy, Smart Grid, Solar Photovoltaic Wireless.

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S. M. Sarode ¹, M. Mittal ¹, P. Sharma ¹, B. Shrivastava ¹, G. K. Gajare ², G. Vidyasagar ³

Affiliations
1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, IN
2 Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, IN
3 Veerayatan Institute of Pharmacy, Bhuj, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Domperidone is a widely used antiemetic, poorly water soluble drug, erratically absorbed in stomach and possess several dissolution related problems thus it has poor bioavailability. Solubility of a drug plays a very important role in dissolution and hence absorption of drug which ultimately affects its bioavailability. Hence, by considering the facts related to drug, attempts have been made to formulate inclusion complexes using various derivative of cyclodextrins.

Inclusion complexes were prepared using methylated betacyclodextrin and hydroxy propyl betacyclodextrin in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. Kneading, ultrasonification and physical mixture method were used for preparation of inclusion complexes. The solubility and dissolution results revealed that there was an increase in solubility and dissolution of all inclusion complexes as compared to pure drug but was highest in case of methylated betacyclodextrin in 1:1molar ratio using ultrasonification method(USM1) and with hydroxypropyl betacyclodextrin in 1:2 molar ratio using ultrasonification method(USHP2).

Keywords

Cyclodextrins , Inclusion Complex.

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N. L. Selokar ¹, P. Sharma ¹, D. Kumar ¹, R. K. Sharma ¹, P. S. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125 001, IN

Abstract

Recently, the ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes has produced world’s first cloned buffalo in the field, named Sach-Gaurav, on 22 December 2017. In addition to being the world’s first cloned buffalo born in the field, this is also India’s first cloned calf of Assamese buffalo; earlier only Murrah breed of buffaloes was cloned. A small tail tissue of Assamese buffalo was airlifted from the College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati (which is 2000 km away from our cloning laboratory) to establish the cultures of donor cells. This proves that distant and remote animals can be cloned. A singlet method of embryo reconstruction has been used, with one recipient oocyte instead of two (a standard Indian version of animal cloning method). It is a step towards simplification of animal cloning technique, and this approach can reduce the mitochondrial heteroplasmy in cloned calves. Ovaries of Murrah buffalo were used as a source of recipient oocytes, indicating that oocytes from one breed of buffaloes can reprogramme donor cells of other breeds. Also, the Murrah buffalo can serve as a surrogate mother for other buffalo breeds.

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P. Dogra , Purnima , J. Sharma , N. Sharma , Ajay , P. Sharma

Abstract

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