Informatics Publishing Limited

C. Thiruppathi ¹, P. Kumaravel ¹, R. Duraisamy ¹, A. K. Prabhakaran ¹, T. Jeyanthi ², R. Sivaperumal ³, P. A. Karthick ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem- 636 103, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Achariya Arts and Science College, Villianur, Pudhucherry-605 110, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

In the recent decades, increased development of green synthesis of nanoparticles was inevitable because of its incredible applications in all fields of science. So we present a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cocculus hirsutus leaf extract as reducing agent. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to leaf extract were reduced and resulted in silver nanoparticles whose average size was 139nm. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Furthermore these biologically synthesized nanoparticles were found to be highly effective against human pathogens.

Keywords

Silver Nanoparticles, Cocculus hirsutus, Antimicrobial Activity

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K. Karthick ¹, P. Kumaravel ¹, P. Hemalatha ¹, L. Thamaraiselvi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem- 636103, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Disease causing microbes that have become resistant to drug therapy are an increasing public health problem. Therefore there is an urgent need to develop new bactericides. The present study deals with synthesis of silver nanoparticles were prepared from Proteus mirabilis and their shape and size distribution characterized by particle analyzer and scanning electron microscopic study (SEM). Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectrum of the aqueous media obtained from the Proteus mirabilis containing silver ion showed a peak around 420nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. Invitro studies indicated that the formed silver nanoparticles showed variable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. These results suggest that silver nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms, making them applicable to diverse medical devices and antimicrobial control systems.

Keywords

Silver Nanoparticles, Proteus mirabilis, Antimicrobial Activity.

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K. Karthick ¹, P. Kumaravel ¹, P. Hemalatha ¹, L. Thamaraiselvi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem- 636103, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Disease causing microbes that have become resistant to drug therapy are an increasing public health problem. Therefore there is an urgent need to develop new bactericides. The present study deals with synthesis of silver nanoparticles were prepared from Proteus mirabilis and their shape and size distribution characterized by particle analyzer and scanning electron microscopic study (SEM). Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectrum of the aqueous media obtained from the Proteus mirabilis containing silver ion showed a peak around 420nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. Invitro studies indicated that the formed silver nanoparticles showed variable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. These results suggest that silver nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms, making them applicable to diverse medical devices and antimicrobial control systems.

Keywords

Silver Nanoparticles, Proteus mirabilis, Antimicrobial Activity.

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P. Soniya ¹, K. Kumaresn ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

The present study revealed the toxic effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in Artemia salina and evaluated the mortality rate, morphological variations, Swimming speed velocity and chemical analysis in Artemia salina cysts. The ZnO NPs was synthesised by thermochemical method and it was characterized by using UV spectrum, XRD and FT-IR. Nanoparticles were spherical in nature and with size range of 30-40 nm. Artemia cysts were purchased from store, processed, and hatched in salt water. Artemia salina was treated using ZnO nanoparticles of various concentrations (mg/ml) and LC50 value (0.4 mg/ml) and mortality rate (24 and 48 hours) was evaluated. Aggregation of ZnO NPs in the gut region of salina was studied using phase contrast microscope. Behavioural responses (swimming speed velocity) in A. salina exposed to ZnO NPs for 48 hr were evaluated. This study showed that as the concentration of ZnO NPs increased, the mortality rate and aggregation of NPs in gut region were increased in salina, whereas the swimming speed velocity in A. salina decreased. Thus this study revealed that the low concentrations of ZnO NPs have no toxic effect on Artemia salina.

Keywords

Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticles and Artemia salina.

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B. Bhuvaneshwari ¹, G. Sivaelango ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

In acid- base titrations, indicator are used to show a sharp color changes at end point which are mostly organic dyes. Due to environmental pollution, availability and cost, the search for natural acid-base indicator was started. In the present study the extract of Beta vulgaris was used to replace the synthetic indicators due to the disadvantage of less availability and high cost of synthetic dye. Extract of Beta vulgaris gives sharp and intense color changes as compared to synthetic indicator. The extracts were evaluated by using strong acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, weak acid-strong base and weak acid -weak base. In all these titrations the extract was found to be very useful and accurate for indicating the neutralization point. Methanolic extract of Beta vulgaris was found to be a very useful, economical, simple and accurate for titration. The proposed herbal indicators can be used as a substitute to synthetic indicators.

Keywords

Acid, Base, Beta vulgaris, Biological Indicator.

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K. Kumaresn ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, V. Sivanarayan ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

We evaluated the stability of CuO NPs, and the toxic effects of their suspensions to Artemia salina (A. salina) larvae to elucidate the chemical and toxicological impact to marine micro-organisms. The results pointed to the fact that suspensions of CuO NPs were not acutely toxic to Artemia at environmentally feasible levels. However, prolonged exposure to the same suspensions induced significant toxicity. The results revealed that CuO NPs aggregate in seawater to micrometer particles. This process would ultimately reduce the toxic properties of the NPs. Nevertheless, CuO NPs showed differences in toxic effects depending on the concentration of nanoparticles. In future studies more attention should be given to the formulations of CuO NPs to better understand their toxicological properties since both surface properties and ion release kinetics change with underlying manufacturing processes. The exposure of these A. salina larvae to the selected MO-NPs did not induce significant mortality, although the NPs accumulated in the gut. However, behavioral and chemical analysis occurred after the exposure. The swimming speed alterations represent valid endpoints for CuO NP exposure.

Keywords

CuO Nanoparticle, Artemia salina, Enzymes, Mortality, FTIR.

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S. Sathish Kumar ¹, G. Melchias ¹, P. Ravikumar ², R. Chandrasekar ³, P. Kumaravel ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Development of reliable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by various plants and microorganisms has been reported in many research aspects. However, the probable of plants as natural materials for the synthesis of nanoparticles and their compatibility to biological systems is yet to be fully explored. In this study, we report a simple green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia hirta (E. hirta) leaves extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. After exposing the silver ions to E. hirta leaves extract, rapid reduction of silver ions is observed leading to the formation of silver nanoparticles in solution. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Particle size analysis. The synthesized silver nanoparticles show maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera and Salmonella typhi.

Keywords

Silver Nanoparticles, E. hirta, Antimicrobial Activity.

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T. Jeyanthi ¹, P. Subramanian ², P. Kumaravel ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Achariya Arts and Science College, Villianur, Pudhucherry-605110, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamali University, Chidambaram-608002, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-636103, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Antibiotics play a major role in clinical medicine in eradicating pathogens. Unfortunately, excessive/inappropriate use of antibiotics has contributed to the spread of important clinical and public health problems of antibiotics resistance. The present study aimed to examine a comparative analysis of the antibacterial efficacy of ethanol and methanol ischolar_main extracts of W. somnifera with commercial antibiotics against the bacterial strains. The ethanol and methanol ischolar_main extracts of W. somnifera found to show equalent/potent antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains as compared to antibiotic discs. Methanol ischolar_main extract of W. somnifera showed an effective antibacterial activity might be due to presence of numerous bioactive compounds. Thus, there is a tremendous need for future research to provide better evidence, to address the isolation and characterization of these bioactive components of methanol ischolar_main extract of W. somnifera responsible for the antibacterial activity, offer an ecologically and economically safe drug compared to commercial antibiotics.

Keywords

Antibacterial Activity, W. somnifera, Antibiotics, Gentamicin, Tetracycline.

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P. Kumaravel ¹, G. Melchias ², N. Vasanth ², T. Manivasagam ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Pregnant rats were administered by either sodium valproate (VPA) with 250 mg/kg during fetal neural tube development on embryonic day 12, induces neural tube defects and impairment in behaviors related to autistic spectrum disorder in newborns, which make it a useful animal model of autism. Male rat pups were subjected to behavioral testing to assess exploratory activity, peripheral and central movements and motor activity like grooming and rearing on postnatal day 90. We investigated the role of EGCG (2mg/kg) in reversing cardinal behavioral changes induced by VPA exposed rats. Consumption of EGCG has been associated with neuronal protection against the impact of toxicants. EGCG exerts neuronal cytoprotective action possibly due to antioxidant action and neuroprotective effect could be efficacious in the management of autism.

Keywords

Autism, VPA, EGCG, Behavior.

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