- T. M. Reena Sughi
- M. Shunmuga Lakshmi
- P. Santhoshkumar
- K. Balasubramanian
- D. Dinesh
- K. Rajan
- M. Shankar
- K. Manikandan
- V. Kasthuri Thilagam
- G. Bharatha Sreeja
- J. Hermus Mary Shifani
- A. Antony Licy
- R. Shantha Selva Kumari
- M. Emimal
- A. Thenmozhi
- S. Sangeetha
- M. Meena
- S. Chakraborty
- J. Gowrishankar
- A. Joshi
- R. K. Kohli
- S. C. Lakhotia
- G. Misra
- C. M. Nautiyal
- K. Ramasubramanian
- N. Sathyamurthy
- A. K. Singhvi
- Indian Forester
- Wireless Communication
- Programmable Device Circuits and Systems
- Current Science
- Indian Journal of Science and Technology
- Rashtriya Krishi (English)
- International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications
- ICTACT Journal on Image and Video Processing
- ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Kannan, P.
- Mulberry Tree Cultivation may be Introduced Under Social and Farm Forestry Scheme
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 7 (1999), Pagination: 741-742Abstract
No abstract- Literature Survey for Source Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors
1 Communication System, PET Engineering College, Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
2 Electronics and Communication, PET Engineering College, Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
Source
Wireless Communication, Vol 4, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 215-219Abstract
Source localization is one of the major problems in many areas such as radar, sonar, telecommunications, mobile communications and sensor networks. For this process, many positioning algorithms have been proposed. Those techniques used some relative information of the source. But, the exact location of the source can not be found using the existing methods, when thesource is in the moving condition. Recently a new technique called Linear Least Squares Approach is proposed, which provides a better accurate solution. This literature survey discusses all the existing source localization algorithms and their performance.Keywords
TOA, TDOA, Received Signal Strength, Positioning Algorithms, Shadow Fading.- Literature Survey for Source Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors
1 M.E Communication System, PET Engineering College Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
2 Electronics and Communication, PET Engineering College Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
Source
Wireless Communication, Vol 2, No 12 (2010), Pagination:Abstract
Source localization has been one of the central problems in many fields such as radar, sonar, telecommunications, mobile communications and sensor networks. A common technique for source localization is to utilize signal strength measurements of the emitted source received at an array of spatially separated sensors. The received signal strength (RSS) information defines a set of circular equations from which the source position can be calculated with the knowledge of the sensor positions. But in the conventional methods, shadow fading is the major challenge, which corresponds to multiplicative measurement errors. In order to overcome this shadow fading problem, two linear least squares (LLS) estimators are proposed in this project. The first one is a best linear unbiased estimator while the second is its improved version by exploiting the known relation between the position and range estimates. By using the two estimators, we can get the accurate location of the source.
Keywords
Best Linear Unbiased Estimator, Received Signal Strength, Positioning Algorithms, Shadow Fading.- A Literature Survey on Performance of Free-Space Optical Communication Links Under Weak to Strong Turbulence
Authors
1 PET Engineering College, Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
Source
Programmable Device Circuits and Systems, Vol 4, No 15 (2012), Pagination: 769-773Abstract
Free space optical communication systems are generally employed over distances of several kilometers. In the existing method, many ideas have been proposed to analyze the performance of FSO links. The target bit error rate is not found using the existing methods. Recently, the modulation schemes using closed form moment generating function achieves the target BER. This literature survey discusses all the existing methods and their bit error rate performance under weak to strong turbulence conditions.Keywords
Atmospheric Turbulence, Diversity, Free Space Optical Communication, Coherent Detection, Bit Error Rate.- Observations on Morphometry, Egg Size and Juveniles of the Endemic Caenophidian Snake Xylophis perroteti (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, 1854) in the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India
Authors
1 Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam 643 002, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 110, No 10 (2016), Pagination: 1901-1903Abstract
The caenophidian snake genus Xylophis Beddome, 1878, is endemic to the southern Western Ghats region of peninsular India. Within the genus Xylophis, three species are currently recognized - Xylophis perroteti (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, 1854), Xylophis stenorhynchus (Gunther, 1875) and a new species Xylophis captaini (Gower and Winkler, 2007). Among these snakes, X. perroteti has restricted distribution in the Nilgiris and Wayanaad in North Kerala. This snake found in high ranges of the Western Ghats over 1500 m altitude in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.- Analysis of Crown Shrinkage in Gravity Die Cast Aluminium Alloy LM 13 Piston
Authors
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. M. G. R. Educational and Research Institute University, Chennai - 600095, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil - 626126, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 35 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Background/Objectives: Optimization of process parameters to obtain shrinkage free engine piston based on Al-Si casting alloy LM 13 fabricated by gravity die casting. Method/Statistical Analysis: Experimental analysis of design and process parameters like riser sleeve size, center core temperature, pouring metal temperature and solidification time was carried out on Al-Si casting alloy LM 13 based engine piston fabricated by die casting technique. The die casting experiments with different solidification time 90, 120 and 150 seconds and volume of molten metal consumed by different sleeve size were carried out to obtain optimum conditions to produce shrinkage free engine pistons. The die casted engine piston were sectioned and checked for shrinkage at different design and process parameters. Results/Findings: The results showed that there is an effect of centre core temperature towards the shifting of shrinkage from the crown to riser. The center core temperature should not be maintained below 200°C and should be in the range of 200 - 238°C. But it cannot be concluded that the crown shrinkage is only due to the centre core temperature. The molten metal Al-Si is less dense as a liquid than as a solid so castings shrink upon cooling, which can leave a void at the last point to solidify. Risers prevent this by providing molten Al-Si alloy to the casting as it solidifies, so that the shrinkage forms in the riser and not the in engine piston casting. It was found that the size of sleeve size is indirectly proportional to the occurrence of crown shrinkage and increase in size of sleeve size reduces the chances of shrinkage. Engine piston section results showed the shrinkage shifting from casting to riser side by increasing the sleeve size. However the effect of different solidification time and pouring metal temperature was not so significant on the occurrence of shrinkage. Applications/Improvements: The optimized center core pin temperature and riser sleeve size successfully prevented the shrinkage formation in the Al-Si casting alloy LM 13 engine piston casting. This not only helps in improving the casting quality but also in increasing the production.Keywords
Al-Si Alloy, Engine Pistons, Gravity Die Casting, Shrinkage, Solidification Time- Opportunistic Feeding Behaviour of Xylophis perroteti in Emerald Valley, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors
1 Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam 643 002, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 112, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1081-1082Abstract
Among Indian snakes, ophiophagy behaviour is found in the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) which regularly feeds on other snakes, and this has also been recorded in many other species like Bungarus fasciatus, Bungarus caeruleus and Calliophis nigrescens. This note documents predation by the Striped narrow-headed snake, Xylophis perroteti on Perrotet's shieldtail snake, Plectrurus perrotetii. Both are endemic species and common in the Nilgiris.References
- Vijayaraghavan, B., 400 Questions Answered about Snakes, with Special Reference to Snakes in India, Chennai Snake Park Trust, Chennai, 2010, p. 230.
- Smith, M. A., The Fauna of British India. Reptiles and Amphibia Vol. III. Serpentes, Taylor and Francis, London, 1943, p. 583.
- Whitaker, R. and Captain, A., Snakes of India: The Field Guide, Draco Books, Chennai, 2004, p. 481.
- Wall, F., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 1919, 26, 552–584.
- Santhoshkumar, P. and Kannan, P., Curr. Sci., 2016, 110(10), 1901–1903.
- Managing Plant Disease by Managing Soils
Authors
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad (Gujarat), IN
2 ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam (T.N.), IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agriculture College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai (T.N.), IN
5 Dryland Agriculture Research Station, TNAU, Chettinad (T.N.), IN
Source
Rashtriya Krishi (English), Vol 12, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 115-117Abstract
Meeting the food grain demand of ever growing global population is the big challenge to agriculture sector. Plant disease significantly reduces the production of food crops besides affecting the quality adversely. Losses associated with plant diseases in yield reduction ranging from slight to catastrophic depending upon varying factors. Literature review highlighted that an average yield loss of 42% from the six most important food crops. It is vital to manage plant diseases to avoid the yield loss, which helps to meet the food grain demand in simple means. In other way, disease management is helping us to meet the food grain demand of increasing population under shrinkage of cultivable area.- Performance Comparison of Various Noisy Audio Signals Analysis Using Different Sampling Rates
Authors
1 ECE Department, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Communication Systems, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, Tamilnadu, IN
Source
International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, Vol 9, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 3545-3556Abstract
The discrete time systems that process data at more than one sampling rate are known as multirate systems. The two basic operations in multirate signal processing are decimation and interpolation.One of the important applications of multirate signal processing is sub-band coding of speech signal. In the proposed system, speech signal is taken as input signal. Additive White Gaussian Noise is added with the input speech signal. The input speech signal spectrum is divided into frequency sub-bands using a bank of finite response filters. Hamming, Hanning, Blackman, Rectangular and Kaiser windowing methods are used to implement the low pass and high pass filters. Finally performance of the proposed system is evaluated on the TIMIT data base using the parameters like leakage factor, main lobe width, side lobe attenuation, peak amplitude of side lobe and signal to noise ratio. The performance evaluation shows which window is suitable for designing the finite impulse response filters and sub-band coding system.Keywords
Windowing, Signal to Noise Ratio, FIR Filter, Multirate.References
- Ashraf M. Aziz, Subband Coding of Speech Signals Using Decimation and Interpolation, 13th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology, ASAT- 13, 2009, pp.116.
- Christian Feldbauer, Marian Kepesi, Klaus Witrisal, Multirate Signal Processing, Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory, V 1.3.3, 2005,pp.1-10.
- Dolly Agrawal, Divya Kumud, A Review On Multirate Digital Signal Processing, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IJEEE), Vol. No.6, Issue No. 02, 2014,pp.324328.
- Jagriti Saini and Rajesh Mehra, Power Spectral Density Analysis of Speech Signal using Window Techniques, International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 131 – No.14, 2015, pp.3336.
- John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications, Third Edition.
- Komal Jindal, Analysis of Speech Signals, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (IJCSMC), Vol.3, Issue 3, 2014, pp.795-800.
- Lalima Singh, Speech Signal Analysis using FFT and LPC, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET), Volume 4, Issue 4, 2015, pp.1658-1660.
- Lalitha R Naik, Devaraja Naik R L, Sub-band Coding Of Noisy Speech Signals Using Digital Signal Processing, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), Volume 4, Issue 4, 2015,pp.901-904.
- Lalitha R Naik, Devaraja Naik R L, Sub-band Coding of Speech Signals using Multirate Signal Processing and comparing the various parameter of different speech signals by corrupting the same speech signal, International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2015,pp.217-221.
- Ljiljana D. Milic, Tapio Saramaki and Robert Bregovic, Multirate Filters: An Overiew, Proc.
- IEEE Asia Pacific Conf. on Circuits, Syst., 2006, pp.914-917.
- Maurya A.K. and Dr.Deepak Nagarai, Multirate Signal Processing: Graphical Representation & Comparison of Decimation and Interpolation Identities using MATLAB, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Volume 4, 2011, pp.443-452.
- Mohammed Mynuddin, Md. Tanjimuddin, Md. Masud Rana, Abdullah, Designing a Low- Pass Fir Digital Filter by Using Hamming Window and Blackman Window Technique, Science Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing , Vol. 4, No. 2, 2015, pp.9-13.
- Prajoy Podder, Tanvir Zaman Khan, Mamdudul Haque Khan and M.Muktadir Rahman, Comparative Performance Analysis of Hamming, Hanning and Blackman Window, International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 96– No.18, 2014,pp.1-7.
- Ramya.M, Sathyamoorthy.M, Speech Coding by using Sub band Coding, International Conference on Computing and Control Engineering (ICCCE), 2012.
- Raymond N.J. Veldhuis, Marcel Breeuwer, Robbert van der Waal, Subband Coding of Digital Audio Signals Without Loss of Quality, Philips Research Laboratories, IEEE., vol. A1a.8, 1989, pp. 2009-2012.
- Ronald E. Crochiere and Lawrence R. Rabiner, Optimum FIR Digital Filter Implementations for Decimation, Interpolation and Narrow-Band Filtering, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, And Signal Processing, Vol. Assp-23, No.5, 1975,pp.444-455.
- Saurabh Singh Rajput, Dr.S.S. Bhadauria, Implementation of FIR Filter using Adjustable Window Function and Its Application in Speech Signal Processing International Journal of Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Volume1, Issue 2, pp.158-164.
- Saurabh Singh Rajput, S.S. Bhadauria, Implementation of FIR Filter using Efficient Window Function and Its Application In Filtering a Speech Signal, International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Controls, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012.
- Shikha Shukla, Kamal Prakash Pandev, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Implementation and Simulation of Low Pass Finite Impulse Response Filter Using Different Window Method, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2015,pp.88-93.
- Suraj R. Gaikwad and Gopal S. Gawande, Implementation of Efficient Multirate Filter Structure for Decimation, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.4, No.2, 2014, pp.1008-1010.
- Suraj R. Gaikwad, Prof. Gopal Gawande, Review: Design of Highly Efficient Multirate Digital Filters, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 3, Issue 6, 2013,pp.560-564.
- Suresh Babu P., Dr.D.Srinivasulu Reddy and Dr.P.V.N.Reddy, Speech Signal Analysis Using Windowing Techniques, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research (IJETER), Vol. 3 No.6, 2015,pp.257-263.
- Suverna Sengar and Partha Pratim Bhattacharya , Multirate Filtering for Digital Signal Processing and its Applications, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, VOL. 2, NO.3, 2012, pp.228237.
- Vijayakumar Majjagi, Sub Band Coding of Speech Signal by using Multi-Rate Signal Processing, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 2 Issue 9, 2013, pp.45-49.
- Vishv Mohan , Analysis And Synthesis of Speech Using Matlab, International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, 2013,pp.373-382.
- Design of Low Noise Amplifier using Positive Feedback Gain Enhancement Technique
Authors
1 Department of ECE, PET Engineering College,Vallioor, IN
2 Department of ECE, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, IN
3 Department of ECE, MEPCO Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, IN
Source
International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, Vol 9, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 3563-3570Abstract
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is a digital amplifier that amplifies a completely low strength signal without drastically degrading its sign to the noise ratio. It's far in any other case known as block down converter. Its miles designed to decrease the additional noise. Here, the low noise amplifier (LNA) is designed the use of a new configuration of high-quality remarks advantage enhancement technique that's suitable for low energy and coffee noise packages. On this proposed technique, additional wonderful comments capacitor is attached to any of the transistor terminal, which will increase voltage benefit due to reducing the entire transconductance. The everyday amplifier circuit is designed the use of energy constrained simultaneous noise and input matching (PCSNIM) method. This technique is used to gain simultaneous enter impedance and minimal noise matching. By means of using this advantage stronger method, the gain of the LNA has been elevated and noise parent is reduced without sacrificing bandwidth, linearity and electricity intake. In this paper we attain 8.620 dB of gain at 4GHz frequency by way of the usage of superb feedback capacitor and interstage matching inductor and also the design of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) LNA provides 14.62dB gain by using inductive source degeneration topology.Keywords
Block Down Converter, Gain, Positive Feedback, Transconductance.References
- Ali Hajimiri and Thomas H.Lee, ‘Design Issues in CMOS Differential LC Oscillators’, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, May 1999, vol.34,no. 5.
- Andrew N. Karanicolas,’ A 2.7 V 900 MHz CMOS LNA and Mixer’, IEEEJ. Solid state circuits, vol. 31, no.12, Dec.1996, pp. 1939-1944.
- Derek K. Shaeffer, and Thomas H. Lee.: ‘Corrections to A 1.5-V, 1.5-GHz CMOS Low Noise Amplifier’, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit, 2005, 40, (6), pp. 1397–1398.
- Md Rahan Chowdhury, Malik Quamrus Samawat, Irtiza Ahmed Salman,’ An Ultra-Wide-Band 2.66 - 3.75 GHz LNA in 0.18-μm CMOS Radio Frequency’, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June, 2017 ,ISSN 2091-2730
- Ming – Dou Ker and Shue-Chang Liu, ‘Whole – Chip ESD Protection Design for Submicron CMOS VLSI’, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, June 9-12,1997.
- M.Ramana Reddy, Dr. N.S Murthy Sharma, Dr. P. Chandra Sekhar,’ A 3.5 GHz Low Noise, High Gain Narrow Band Differential Low Noise Amplifier Design for Wi-MAX Applications’, International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research. ISSN 0975-6450 Volume 9, Number 4 (2017) pp. 505-516
- Nikola Petrović, Radivoje Djurić,’ A 94GHz low power UWB LNA for passive radiometer’, INFOTEHJAHORINA Vol. 16, March 2017.
- Pramod K. B., Kumaraswamy H. V.,’ The Linear, Nonlinear Measurements, Analysis and Evaluation for the Design of Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier’, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 158 – No 6, January 2017
- Sam HamidonJ.,et al., ‘Design of Single Stage LNA using L-Matching Network for WIMAX Applications’, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,vol. 9,no.10,Oct.2014,ISSN 1819-6608.
- Vaithinathan.V, Raja.J and Srinivasan .R, ‘A Low Power ,High gain, Low Noise Amplifier with improved noise figure and input matching for Ultra Wide Band Applications’, IJST ,Transactions of Electrical Engineering,vol.36,no,E2,pp 163-174,2012.
- Yu-Da Shiu et al., ‘CMOS Power Amplifier with ESD Protection Design Merged in Matching Network’, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits,2007.
- Zaid Albataineha, Yazan Hamadeh, Jafar Moheidat, Ahmad Dagamseh, Idrees Al-Kofahi, Mohammed Alsumady,’ A High-Gain Low Noise Amplifier for RFID Front-Ends Reader’, Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering ISSN (Print): 2409-9600, ISSN (Online): 2409-9619
- Classification of Remote Sensing Images using Wavelet Based Contourlet Transform and Accuracy Analysis of Classified Images
Authors
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , PET Engineering College, Anna University, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PET Engineering College, Anna University, IN
Source
International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, Vol 9, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 3601-3605Abstract
In remote sensing classification of spatial and spectral feature of multispectral images with high accuracy provide greater performance analysis. Wavelet transform is the most preferred transform for classification of both spectral and spatial features. The difficulty present here is the non-availability of directional features. The proposed wavelet based contourlet transform provide salient feature extraction using laplacian pyramid followed by directional filter banks. The extracted features were greatly reduced by using principle component analysis method. By that features the multispectral image has been classified into urban, wasteland, waterbody, hilly region by using fuzzy-c-means clustering algorithm. The wavelet transform is used for low frequency component classification and contourlet transform is used for high frequency component classification on the remote sensing images in the existing method. The aforesaid transforms provide less classification accuracy for remote sensing images. So it is proposed that the wavelet based contourlet transform is to be used for the analysis of both high frequency and low frequency component classification. Hence the proposed method shows that classification accuracy is higher than the existing method.Keywords
Multispectral Image, Contourlet Transform, Wavelet Transfor, Fuzzy-C-Means Clustering Algorithm &PCA.References
- Aditsharma,Khunteta (2016),” Satellite Image Contrast and Resolution Enhancement using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition”, International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES–16)
- Ahmad, F., Ahmed, Z., & Najam, A. (2013), “Soft biometric gender classification using face for real time surveillance in cross dataset environment”. IEEE International Conference on Multi Topic, pp. 131–135.
- A. Alaguraja , K. Venkateswaran, N. Kasthuri1, R. (2015), “Performance Comparison of Wavelet and Contourlet Frame Based Features for Improving Classification Accuracy in Remote Sensing Images”, Journal Indian Social Remote Sensing.
- Alagu Raja, R. A., Anand, V., Maithani, S., SenthilKumar, A., & AbhaiKumar, V. (2009), “Wavelet frame based feature extraction technique for improving classification accuracy”, Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 37(3), 423–443.
- Amelard, R., Wong A., & Clausi, D.A. (2013), “Unsupervised classification of agricultural land cover using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar via a sparse texture dictionary model”, IEEE International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing symposium, pp. 4383–4386.
- Asli Ozdarici Ok, Ozlem Akar and Oguz Gungor (2012)” Evaluation of random forest method for agricultural crop classification”, European Journal of Remote Sensing - 2012, 45: 421-432 doi: 10.5721/EuJRS20124535
- Czajkowska, J., Bugdol, M., & Pietka, E. (2012), “Kernelized fuzzy C- means method and Gaussian mixture model in unsupervised cascade clustering”, Information Technologies in Biomedicine, 7339, 58 –66.
- Deshpande, D.S., Rajurkar, A.M., & Manthalkar, R.M. (2013), “Medical image analysis an attempt for mammogram classification using texture based association rule mining”, IEEE National Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing and Graphics. pp. 1–5.
- Do, M. N., & Vetterli, M. (2005), “The contourlet transform: an efficient directional multiresolution image representation”, IEEE Transactions Image on Processing, 14(12), 2091– 2106
- Dos.Santos,J.A.,Penatti,O.A.B.,DaTorres,R.S.,Go sselin,P,PhilippFoliguet,S.,&Falco,A.(2012), “Improving texture description in remote sensing image multi-scale classification tasks by using visual words”, IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition. pp. 3090–3093.
- Heinrich, A., Gen, D., Znamenskiy, D., Vink, J. P., & de Haan, G. (2014), “Robust and sensitive video motion detection for sleep analysis”, IEEE Journal on Biomedical and Health Informatics, 18(3), 790– 798.
- Halkidi, M., Batistakis, Y., & Vazirgiannis, M. (2002a), “Cluster validity methods: Part-I”, ACM SIGMOD Record, 31(2), 40–45.
- Halkidi, M., Batistakis, Y., & Vazirgiannis, M. (2002b), “Clustering validity checking methods: part II”, ACM SIGMOD Record, 31(3), 19–27.
- Lillesand, M.T., Ralph Kiefer, W., & Jonathan Chipman, W., (2004), “Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation”, 5th edition, Wiley International edition.
- Mioulet, L., Breckon, T.P., Mouton, A., Haichao Liang, & Morie, T. (2013), “Gabor features for real-time road environment classification”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. pp. 1117– 1121.
- Meher, S. K., Uma Shankar, B., & Ghosh, A. (2007), “Wavelet-feature- based classifiers for multispectral remote-sensing images”, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45(6), 1881– 1886
- Performance Analysis of Audio and Video Synchronization using Spreaded Code Delay Measurement Technique
Authors
1 Department of ECE, Anna University, Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, Vol 10, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 3728-3734Abstract
The audio and video synchronization plays an important role in speech recognition and multimedia communication. The audio-video sync is a quite significant problem in live video conferencing. It is due to use of various hardware components which introduces variable delay and software environments. The objective of the synchronization is used to preserve the temporal alignment between the audio and video signals. This paper proposes the audio-video synchronization using spreading codes delay measurement technique. The performance of the proposed method made on home database and achieves 99% synchronization efficiency. The audio-visual signature technique provides a significant reduction in audio-video sync problems and the performance analysis of audio and video synchronization in an effective way. This paper also implements an audio- video synchronizer and analyses its performance in an efficient manner by synchronization efficiency, audio-video time drift and audio-video delay parameters. The simulation result is carried out using mat lab simulation tools and simulink. It is automatically estimating and correcting the timing relationship between the audio and video signals and maintaining the Quality of Service.Keywords
Audio Spreading Codes, Hamming Distance Correlation, Spectrograph, Synchronization, Video Spreading Codes.References
- Alka Jindal, Sucharu Aggarwal, “Comprehensive overview of various lip synchronization techniques” IEEE International transaction on Biometrics and Security technologies, 2008.
- Anitha Sheela.k, Balakrishna Gudla, Srinivasa Rao Chalamala, Yegnanarayana.B, “Improved lip contour extraction for visual speech recognition” IEEE International transaction on Consumer Electronics,pp.459-462, 2015.
- N. J. Bryan, G. J. Mysore and P. Smaragdis, “Clustering and synchronizing multicamera video via landmark cross-correlation,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), March 2012, pp. 2389–2392.
- Claus Bauer, Kent Terry, Regunathan Radhakrishnan, “Audio and video signature for synchronization” IEEE International conference on Multimedia and Exposition Community (ICME), pp.1549-1552, 2008.
- N. Dave, N. M. Patel. "Phoneme and Viseme based Approach for Lip Synchronization.", International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, pp. 385-394, 2014.
- Dragan Sekulovski, Hans Weda, Mauro Barbieri and Prarthana Shrestha, “Synchronization of Multiple Camera Videos Using Audio-Visual Features,” in IEEE Transactions On Multimedia, Vol. 12, No. 1, January 2010.
- Fumei Liu, Wenliang, Zeliang Zhang, “Review of the visual feature extraction research” IEEE 5th International Conference on software Engineering and Service Science, pp.449-452, 2014.
- Josef Chalaupka, Nguyen Thein Chuong, “Visual feature extraction for isolated word visual only speech recognition of Vietnamese” IEEE 36th International conference on Telecommunication and signal processing (TSP), pp.459-463, 2013.
- K. Kumar, V. Libal, E. Marcheret, J. Navratil, G.Potamianos and G. Ramaswamy, “AudioVisual speech synchronization detection using a bimodal linear prediction model”. in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 2009, p. 54.
- Laszlo Boszormenyi, Mario Guggenberger, Mathias Lux, “Audio Align-synchronization of A/V streams based on audio data” IEEE International journal on Multimedia, pp.382-383, 2012.
- Y. Liu, Y. Sato, “Recovering audio-to-video synchronization by audiovisual correlation analysis”. in Pattern Recognition, 2008, p. 2.
- C. Lu and M. Mandal, “An efficient technique for motion-based view-variant video sequences synchronization,” in IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, July 2011, pp. 1–6.
- Luca Lombardi, Waqqas ur Rehman Butt, “A survey of automatic lip reading approaches” IEEE 8th International Conference Digital Information Management (ICDIM), pp.299-302, 2013.
- Namrata Dave, “A lip localization based visual feature extraction methods” An International journal on Electrical and computer Engineering, vol.4, no.4, December 2015.
- P. Shrstha, M. Barbieri, and H. Weda, “Synchronization of multi-camera video recordings based on audio,” in Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia 2007, pp.545–548.
- Performance Analysis of Audio and Video Synchronization Using Spreaded Code Delay Measurement Technique
Authors
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, IN
Source
ICTACT Journal on Image and Video Processing, Vol 9, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 1807-1813Abstract
The audio and video synchronization plays an important role in speech recognition and multimedia communication. The audio-video sync is a quite significant problem in live video conferencing. It is due to use of various hardware components which introduces variable delay and software environments. The synchronization loss between audio and video causes viewers not to enjoy the program and decreases the effectiveness of the programs. The objective of the synchronization is used to preserve the temporal alignment between the audio and video signals. This paper proposes the audio-video synchronization using spreading codes delay measurement technique. The performance of the proposed method made on home database and achieves 99% synchronization efficiency. The audio-visual signature technique provides a significant reduction in audio-video sync problems and the performance analysis of audio and video synchronization in an effective way. This paper also implements an audio- video synchronizer and analyses its performance in an efficient manner by synchronization efficiency, audio-video time drift and audio-video delay parameters. The simulation result is carried out using Matlab simulation tools and Simulink. It is automatically estimating and correcting the timing relationship between the audio and video signals and maintaining the Quality of Service.Keywords
Synchronization, Software, Hardware, Audio-Visual Spreading Codes, Temporal Alignment.References
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- Design and Analysis of Digital Filters for Speech Signals Using Multirate Signal Processing
Authors
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PET Engineering College, IN
Source
ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics, Vol 3, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 480-487Abstract
Digital filters provide an important role in the world of communication. This paper proposes the design of digital filters for audio application using multi rate signal processing. One of the important applications in multi rate signal processing is sub band coding. The main objective of this paper is to analyze various techniques for designing digital filters for speech signals. Additive White Gaussian Noise is added with the input speech signal. The input speech signal spectrum is divided into frequency sub-bands using down sampling by a factor 2. Various transforms like FFT, FWHT and DWT are applied to the signal and its sub bands. Then the low pass and high pass FIR filters are designed and implemented using windowing techniques and IIR filters are designed and implemented using Butterworth and Chebyshev filters. Finally quantization is performed on the filter coefficients of signal and its sub bands. The performances of digital filters are measured by calculating Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio. From the performance measures this paper concludes that, which filtering technique is most suitable for designing digital filters for speech signals.Keywords
Digital Filters, Sub Band Coding, FIR, IIR, DWT, FFT, FWHT, Quantization, SQNR.References
- Ankita Mahajan and Rajesh Mehra, “Design Analysis of Word Length Effects in Interpolator Design”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 104-108, 2014.
- Atul Bhargava, “A Survey Report for Design of FIR Filter with Different Method”, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 461-465, 2013.
- Dolly Agrawal and Divya Kumud, “A Review On Multirate Digital Signal Processing”, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 324-328, 2014.
- Jagriti Saini and Rajesh Mehra, “Power Spectral Density Analysis of Speech Signal using Window Techniques”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 131, No. 14, pp. 33-36, 2015.
- Lalima Singh, “Speech Signal Analysis using FFT and LPC”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 1658-1660, 2015.
- Lalitha R. Naik and R.L. Devaraja Naik, “Sub-band Coding of Speech Signals using Multirate Signal Processing and Comparing the various parameter of different Speech Signals by Corrupting the same Speech Signal”, International Journal of Emerging Trends and Technology in Computer Science, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 217-221, 2015.
- Prajoy Podder, Tanvir Zaman Khan, Mamdudul Haque Khan and M. Muktadir Rahman, “Comparative Performance Analysis of Hamming, Hanning and Blackman Window”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 96, No. 18, pp. 1-7, 2014.
- Rajeev Singh Dohare and Shilpa Datar, “Quantized Coefficient FIR Filter for the design of Filter Bank”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 13-18, 2013.
- Samarjeet Singh and Uma Sharma, “ MATLAB based Digital IIR Filter Design”, International Journal Electronics and Computer Science Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 74-83, 2014.
- Saurabh Singh Rajput and S.S. Bhadauria, “Implementation of FIR Filter using Efficient Window Function and Its Application In Filtering a Speech Signal”, International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Controls, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 158-164, 2012.
- Suraj R. Gaikwad and Gopal Gawande, “Review: Design of Highly Efficient Multirate Digital Filters”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 560-564, 2013.
- Suverna Sengar and Partha Pratim Bhattacharya, ‘Multirate Filtering for Digital Signal Processing and its Applications’, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 228-237, 2012.
- Suraj R. Gaikwad and Gopal S. Gawande, “Implementation of Efficient Multirate Filter Structure for Decimation”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1008-1010, 2014.
- P. Suresh Babu, D. Srinivasulu Reddy and P.V.N. Reddy, “Speech Signal Analysis using Windowing Techniques”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 257-263, 2015.
- Vijayakumar Majjagi, “Sub Band Coding of Speech Signal by using Multi-Rate Signal Processing”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 45-49, 2013.
- Vishv Mohan, “Analysis and Synthesis of Speech using Matlab”, International Journal of Advancements in Research and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 373-382, 2013.
- Vaibhav M Dikhole et al, “Effect of Finite Word Length for FIR Filter Coefficient in Electrocardiogram Filtering”, Proceedings of National Conference on Innovative Trends in Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 266-271, 2016.
- Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Four Different Shapes and Substrates
Authors
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PET Engineering College, IN
Source
ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics, Vol 4, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 519-530Abstract
In general, antenna is designed for transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. Among different kinds of antenna Microstrip patch antenna is most widely used antenna because of its low profile, easy fabrication and inexpensive. The microstrip patch antenna has another advantage that it can be designed for any shape. There are four different shapes are taken for this analysis. But the major problem with these antennas is narrow bandwidth. In this paper microstrip patch antenna is designed for four different shapes and substrates. The substrate materials are taken according to the dielectric constant values. And the antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, bandwidth and returnloss are variable with different shapes and substrates. Then the antenna parameters are noted and compared using Advanced Design System (ADS) software.Keywords
ADS, Bandwidth, MSPA, Shape, Substrate Material.References
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- Suggestions for a National Framework for Publication of and Access to Literature in Science and Technology in India
Authors
1 National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, IN
2 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, IN
3 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, IN
4 Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, IN
5 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IN
6 Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, IN
7 Indira Nagar, New Delhi, IN
8 Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, IN
9 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 7 (2020), Pagination: 1026-1034Abstract
The outcome of deliberation on various aspects of publication and free access to scientific literature by a panel of nominated fellows from three science academies, viz. Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, The National Academy of Sciences India, and expert invitees are presented.References
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