Informatics Publishing Limited

Charan Singh , S. K. Dhyani , R. C. Dhiman , K. K. Sharma , Nirmal Kumar

Abstract

In agroforestry practices generally tree has more pronounced effect on crop growth and yield with increase in its canopy cover. But in the present investigations results indicated that there was no significant (P<0.05) effect of trees on crop. The survival, growth, biomass production and leaf nutrient content of Paulownia were significantly higher as compared with poplar under the agroforestry situation. Similarly, nitrogen (3.02 %) and protein (18.8 %) contents in tree leaves were also highest with the Paulownia clone-GP. Although, the size of the leaves and canopy of Paulownia is larger than the poplars even then influence on yield and yield attributing characters was lesser as the highest yield was recorded under Paulownia only. It is evident from the results that Paulownia and Poplar clones do not have any significant effect on almost all the growth and yield parameters of wheat and maize crops grown in association with trees. The grain yield for wheat crop has a very little difference but maize does not have the difference under the different clones. It indicates the best compatibility of the crops with Paulownia and poplar. it is inferred that over all Paulownia clone-GP out performed all the clones of Paulownia fortunei and Populus deltoides. Thus, the tree has great potential under agroforestry situations in similar agro-climatic conditions of India.

Keywords

Paulownia fortunei, Populus deltoides, Agroforestry, Doon Valley, Uttarakhand

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Charan Singh , S. K. Dhyani , Nirmal Kumar , R. C. Dhiman

Abstract

An attempt has been made to explore the possibility for its establishment and evaluation on degraded bouldery riverbed lands in Doon valley. On the basis of survival, growth, timber volume and biomass production, it is possible to grow Paulownia forrtunei on degraded lands of Doon valley. Linear and second degree polynomial relationships between plant age with individual growth character (viz. height, collar diameter, DBH or tree volume) were established for the species. Growth and volume production of the species was compared with that of China and Poplar from India.

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Charan Singh , M. C. Agarwal , Nirmal Kumar , D. N. Puri

Abstract

The leaf production from Morus alba L. tree is fully appreciated in the hill region for rearing silkworm. The leaf can be obtained through various management practice. Since sporadic information is available on the production of leaves under various management practices which is required for optimum sustainable production without damaging the growth of the trees, studies on Morus alba were conducted to establish a suitable prediction model of leaf and total branch wood yield under three different management practices i.e. coppicing, pollarding and lopping on bouldery riverbed soils of Doon valley. The studies showed that the third degree polynomial was found to be most suitable prediction for leaf and total branch wood in all the three management practices. The leaf production was maximum under pollarding management practice while total branch wood yield was maximum under coppicing.

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Y. Agnihotri , M. C. Agarwal , Nirmal Kumar

Abstract

The efficiency of various Latin Square Designs (LSD) relative to the Complete Randomised Designs (CRD) and Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) for various sizes and shapes of plots with height and diameter at breast height (D.B.H.) of Eucalyptus in Shiwalik hills were worked out. The relative efficiency (percentage) of 3 × 3, 4 × 4,5 × 5 and 6 × 6 LSD for different plot sizes and shapes compared with CRD and RCBD when rows are treated as blocks (ignoring columns) and when columns are treated as blocks (ignoring rows) have been computed. The number of units required in CRD and RCBD taking rows as blocks or columns as blocks for obtaining the relative efficiency equivalent to that of3 × 3 to 6 × 6 LSD were also evaluated and it was found that LSD was more efficient than CRD and RCBD for experimentation with Eucalyptus trees height and D.B.H. in Shiwalik hills.

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Charan Singh , M. K. Vishwanatham , Nirmal Kumar , M. C. Agarwal

Abstract

Quercus leucotrichophora (Ban Oak), is a most suitable tree species for protective and productive purpose in the degraded lands of higher altitude of North-West Himalayan region. An attempt has been made to explore the possibility of its growing in the lower altitude i.e. in the degraded lands of Doon Valley so that its large scale plantation can be taken up where soil and water conservation measures are to be carried out on priority basis. On the basis of survival, height, collar diameter and diameter at breast height performance from 1986 to 1994, it is possible to grow it on degraded lands of Doon Valley. Moreover, its growth performance in degraded lands are quite encohraging. The regression equations between plant age with individual growth character (i.e. height or collar diameter or diameter at breast height) were also estimated.

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P. C. Tyagi , M. C. Agarwal , Nirmal Kumar

Abstract

Statistical computation on seed traits and germination of the provenances revealed the existence of genetic variability. The correlation between different pairs of characters were determined and observed highly significant. The multiple regression equation using step-down regression techriique revealed that the seed length and lOO-seed weight might be used as the predictors of germination in Grewia optiva.

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R. K. Gupta , M. C. Agarwal , Nirmal Kumar

Abstract

Studies on plantation of Leucaena leucocephala were conducted to establish linear prediction ,model of leaf/wood under three different spacings i.e O.5m × O.5m, 0.5 × 1.0m and O.5m × t.5m on degraded riverbed soils of Dehradun. The studies showed that the prediction model of leaf/wood yield with all the three variables was the most reliable model in all the three spacings. The next best reliable linear prediction model ofleaf/wood yield was with two variables, One as height and another either basal diameter or DBH as predictors in all the three spacings.

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R. K. Gupta , M. C. Agarwal , Nirmal Kumar

Abstract

The forage potential from Bauhinia purpurea tree bas been fully appreciated in the hill region. Tree lopping for green fodder is resorted without information on scientific lopping management practice i.e. intensity and periodicity of lopping, which is required for optimum sustainable production without damaging the trees. Studies on Bauhinia purpurea planted on field boundary at DehraDun were conducted to compare the effect of two lopping intensities (i.e. 50 to 75 percent) with no lopping on growth of trees and production of fodder on sustained basis. The studies clearly indicated that 50 to 75 percent lopping of Bauhinia purpurea L. trees once in a year do not adversely affect the tree growth. The relationship between leaf yield with growth parameters were also developed.

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R. K. Gupta , M. C. Agarwal , Nirmal Kumar

Abstract

Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) Rubb. a potential industrial grass is recommended for soil formation, preventing erosion and facilitating utilization of eroded dry bouldery in North-West India. The potential of the standing grass was computed through various additive and multiplicative regression models between green or air-dry yield and various growth attributes (plant height, clump diameter and number of tillers) by taking one, two or all the three attributes together. From this study, it was concluded that the prediction of green or air-dry yield can be made precisely through multiplicative model having two growth attributes (viz. plant height and number of tillers) particularly on bouldery riverbed of Doon Valley.

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Deepa Dasarathan ¹, Nirmal Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai - 600119, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University,Chennai - 600025, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The primary motive of this research is to improve the quality of service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks by reducing the packet loss and average delay in the network. Methods: In this manuscript, an innovative metric called Node Encounter Rate (NER) is introduced based on the concept of nodes encountered during network operation. Findings: Network simulation results show that the dynamic estimation of the metric improves throughput by 47%, by this means reducing the loss and delay by 53% and 52% respectively. As per the comparison results, the proposed approach works better compared to the existing schemes also providing increased quality of service. The control packets are reduced because of routing through stable paths. In addition, the packets are forwarded over the paths that avoid high mobility scenarios. Novelty: The simulation outcome reveals that the Node Encounter Rate (NER) has high quality of service compared to the existing scheme under mobile scenarios.

Keywords

Angle, Multicast Routing, Quality of Service, Wireless Mesh Networks

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