Informatics Publishing Limited

Anil Bhardwaj ¹, S. V. Mohankumar ¹, Tirtha Pratim Das ¹, P. Pradeepkumar ¹, P. Sreelatha ¹, B. Sundar ¹, Amarnath Nandi ¹, Dinakar Prasad Vajja ¹, M. B. Dhanya ¹, Neha Naik ¹, G. Supriya ¹, R. Satheesh Thampi ¹, G. Padma Padmanabhan ¹, Vipin K. Yadav ¹, A. V. Aliyas ¹

Affiliations
1 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, IN

Abstract

The Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) aboard the Indian Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) is a quadrupole mass spectrometer-based experiment. Making use of the highly elliptical and low inclination (~150°) orbit of MOM, MENCA will conduct in situ measurements of the composition and radial distribution of the Martian neutral exosphere in the 1–300 amu mass range in the equatorial and low latitudes of Mars. The functionality of MENCA has been tested during the Earth-bound and heliocentric phases of MOM before its operation in the Martian orbit. This article describes the scientific objectives, instrument details, design and development, test and evaluation, and calibration of the MENCA instrument.

Keywords

Exosphere, Mars Orbiter, mass spectrometer, thermal escape.

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Tirtha Pratim Das ¹, Smitha V. Thampi ², M. B. Dhanya ², Neha Naik ², P. Sreelatha ², P. Pradeepkumar ², G. Padma Padmanabhan ², B. Sundar ², Dinakar Prasad Vajja ², Amarnath Nandi ², R. Satheesh Thampi ², Vipin K. Yadav ², J. K. Abhishek ², Md. Nazeer ², P. T. Lali ², Rosmy John ², A. V. Aliyas ², Vijay Kumar Sen ², M. Ramprabhu ², A. Ajay Krishna ²

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Technology Development and Innovation, Department of Space, ISRO Headquarters, Antariksh Bhavan, New BEL Road, Bengaluru 560 094, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, IN

Abstract

The CHandra’s Atmospheric Composition Explorer-2 (CHACE-2) experiment aboard Chandrayaan-2 orbiter will study in situ, the composition of the lunar neutral exosphere in the mass range 1–300 amu with mass resolution of 0.5 amu. It will address the spatial and temporal variations of the lunar exosphere, and examine water vapour as well as heavier species in it. In this article, results of the major characterization and calibration experiments of CHACE-2 are presented, with an outline of the qualification tests for both the payload and ground segment.

Keywords

CHACE-2, Chandrayaan-2, Exosphere, Mass Spectrometer.

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G. Manju ¹, Tarun K. Pant ¹, P. Sreelatha ¹, Santhosh J. Nalluveettil ¹, P. Pradeep Kumar ¹, Nirbhay Kumar Upadhyay ¹, Md. Mosarraf Hossain ¹, Neha Naik ¹, Vipin Kumar Yadav ¹, Rosmy John ¹, R. Sajeev ¹, Jothi Ramalingam ¹, Philip George ¹, Amarnath Nandi ¹, N. Mridula ¹, Aswathy R. P. Janmejay Jaiswal Rana ¹, Snehil Srivastava ¹, Satheesh Thampi ¹

Affiliations
1 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, IN

Abstract

The near surface lunar plasma environment is modulated by important components like the photoelectron sheath, solar wind, lunar surface potential, etc. In situ measurements of lunar near surface plasma are not available as of now. Previous lunar missions which explored the near surface environment have arrived at estimates of lunar photo electron densities mainly from lunar sample returns. The Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission affords a unique opportunity to explore the near surface lunar plasma environment from the lunar lander platform. A Langmuir probe is developed indigenously for probing the tenuous lunar near surface plasma environment from the top deck of the lunar lander. The probe is designed to cater to a wide dynamic range of 10/cc to 10,000/cc. The probe behaviour is characterized in the ambient room conditions using a current source. The sensitivity of the probe to incoming ionized species is also characterized in a vacuum chamber. The Langmuir probe response is characterized such that the input current to the probe is correctly deciphered during the mission duration. The calibration of the present Langmuir probe is carried out using a standard calibrated Langmuir probe. The details of the theoretical simulations of the expected currents, the characterization and calibration activities are presented and discussed.

Keywords

Debye Length, Electron Density, Electron Temperature, Langmuir Probe.

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Stephanie Fernandes ¹, Akshada Komarpant ¹, Vaishnavi Dessai ¹, Mrunali Gaude ¹, Karishma Naik ¹, Snehal Gawas ¹, Vaishali Naik ¹, Qutandy Vaz ¹, Shanti Naik ¹, Neha Naik ¹, Florine Clara Fernades ²

Affiliations
1 Students, Vrundavan Institute of Nursing Education, Colvale, Bardez, Goa, IN
2 Associate Professor and Head of Department, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Vrundavan Institute of Nursing Education, Colvale, Bardez, Goa, IN

Abstract

Common mental health problems seen among the college students are depression, suicide, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, substance use etc. which may rise in young adulthood. This study was done to assess depression anxiety stress (DAS) among the college students in selected area of Goa. The objectives of the study were a) To assess Depression Anxiety stress (DAS) among the college students based on Depression Anxiety Stress Scale – 42 (DASS- 42). b) To associate the level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS) score with selected demographic variables of the college students. A quantitative approach was used with descriptive research design. Convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was 85. The investigator used Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42 tool to assess Depression Anxiety Stress (D, A, S) among students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that 47(55.3%) had normal level of Depression, 20 (23.5%) had moderate level of Depression yet 2 (2.4%) suffered from severe depression, Majority of the subjects 24 (28.2%) has moderate Anxiety, 15 (17.6%) has severe Anxiety and 6 (7%) has very severe Anxiety. Majority of the subjects 12 (14.1%) has moderate Stress, 2 (2.4%) had severe and none had very severe Stress. The finding of the study showed varied levels of depression, anxiety and stress among the college students. So, screening and creating more awareness and intervention strategies may be needed for the better mental health of the students.

Keywords

Depression, Anxiety. Stress, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42

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